ʻO Quintus Horace Flaccus, pinepine pinepine wale nō Horace (65 - 8 BC) - Ka haku mele Roma kahiko o ka "wā gula" o nā puke Roma. Ua hāʻule kāna hana i ke au o nā kaua kīwila i ka hopena o ka repubalika a me nā makahiki he 10 o ke aupuni hou o ʻOtavian Augustus.
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino o Horace, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Quintus Horace Flacca.
Kawaihae o Horace
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Horace ma ka lā 8 o Kekemapa, 65 BC. e ma ke kulanakauhale Italia o Venosa. Ua lilo kona makuakāne i kauwahi o kona ola i ka noho kauā kauā, nona nā tālena like ʻole i kōkua iā ia e ʻike i ke kūʻokoʻa a hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna kūlana kālā.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ke makemake nei e hāʻawi i kāna keiki i kahi aʻo maikaʻi, haʻalele kona makuakāne i kāna waiwai a neʻe i Roma, kahi a Horace i hoʻomaka ai e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻepekema ʻokoʻa a mākaukau loa i ka Helene. Ua ʻōlelo ʻoluʻolu ka haku mele iā ia iho no kāna makua, nāna i hoʻāʻo e hāʻawi iā ia i nā mea āpau e pono ai.
ʻIke nō, ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne, ua hoʻomau ʻo Horace he 19 mau makahiki i kāna aʻo ʻana ma Atenai. Ma laila ua hiki iā ia ke komo i ka elite ʻepekema a kamaʻāina me nā akeakamai Helene a me nā palapala. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ke keiki a Cicero i hoʻopaʻa haʻawina me ia.
Ma hope o ka pepehi ʻia ʻana o Julius Kaisara, hele mai ʻo Brutus i Atenai e ʻimi nei i nā mea kākoʻo o ka ʻōnaehana repubalika. Ma ʻaneʻi ua hele ʻo ia i nā haʻiʻōlelo ma ka Platonic Academy a hoʻolaha i kona mau manaʻo i nā haumāna.
ʻO Horace, me nā ʻōpio ʻē aʻe, ua kāhea ʻia e lawelawe i ke kūlana o ka pūʻali koa koa, a he mea hanohano loa nona ma ke ʻano he keiki ia na ke kūʻokoʻa. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lilo ʻo ia i luna legeona.
Ma hope o ka pio ʻana o nā pūʻali koa o Brutus ma 42 BC. ʻO Horace, me nā koa ʻē aʻe, i waiho i ke kūlana o ka hui.
A laila ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i kāna mau manaʻo politika a ʻae i ka amnesty i hāʻawi ʻia i nā poʻe ukali o Brutus na ka Emepera Octavian.
ʻOiai ʻo ka waiwai o ka makuakāne o Horace ma Vesunia i kāʻili ʻia e ka mokuʻāina, ua loaʻa ʻo ia iā ia iho i kahi pilikia paʻakikī. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e alualu i nā mele e hiki ai ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna kūlana kālā a me ka nohona. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua lawe ʻo ia i ke kūlana o ke kākau ʻōlelo ma ka questura ma ka waihona a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kākau i nā mele.
Poetry
ʻO kā Horace hōʻuluʻulu mele mua i kapa ʻia ʻo Yambas, i kākau ʻia ma ka Lākina. I nā makahiki i hala aʻe o kāna moʻomeheu, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kākau o "Satyr", i kākau ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi kamaʻilio manuahi.
Ua paipai ʻo Horace i ka mea heluhelu e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kanaka a me nā pilikia i ke kaiāulu, e waiho ana iā ia ke kuleana e huki ai i nā hopena. Ua kākoʻo ʻo ia i kona mau manaʻo me nā hoʻomākeʻaka a me nā laʻana i hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka poʻe maʻamau.
Hōʻalo ka mea haku mele i nā pilikia politika, e pili nui ana i nā kumuhana akeakamai. Ma hope o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o nā hōʻiliʻili mua ma 39-38. BC Ua pau ʻo Horace i ke kaiaulu Roma kiʻekiʻe, kahi i kōkua ai ʻo Virgil iā ia.
I ka manawa ma ka pā o ka mōʻī, ua hōʻike ka mea kākau i ke akahele a me ke kaulike i kāna mau manaʻo, e hoʻāʻo nei e kū ʻole i kahi poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO kāna kahu ʻo Gaius Cilny Maecenas, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea i hilinaʻi ʻia ʻo ʻOtavia.
Ua ukali loa ʻo Horace i nā hoʻoponopono o ʻAukake, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole i kūlou i ka pae o kahi "pālahalaha hoʻokolokolo". Inā ʻoe e manaʻoʻiʻo iā Suetonius, ua hāʻawi ka mōʻī i ka haku mele e lilo i kākau ʻōlelo nona, akā ua loaʻa ka hōʻole ʻana mai ia mea.
ʻOiai nā pōmaikaʻi i hoʻohiki ʻia ʻo Horace, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i makemake i ke kūlana. Eia kekahi, makaʻu ʻo ia i ka lilo ʻana i kākau ʻōlelo pilikino o ka mōʻī, e lilo ana kona kūʻokoʻa, ka mea āna i mahalo nui ai. I ka manawa o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua lawa kāna mau mea no ke ola a me kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe i ka nohona.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Horace iā ia iho ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo kāna pilina me ka Patron i hoʻokumu wale ʻia i ka mahalo a me ka pilina aloha. ʻO ia, ua koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ʻaʻole ia i ka mana o ka Maecenas, akā ʻo kāna hoaaloha wale nō. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole ia i hōʻino i kāna aloha me kahi mea kōkua.
Wahi a nā mea kākau moʻolelo, ʻaʻole i paio ʻo Horace no ka hanohano a me ke kaulana, ʻoi aku ka makemake i kēia noho nanea i kuaʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, mahalo i ke alo o nā poʻe koʻikoʻi, ua loaʻa pinepine iā ia nā makana makamae a lilo i mea nona kahi waiwai kaulana i nā mauna Sabinsky.
Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, aia ʻo Quintus Horace Flaccus me Maecenas i kekahi o nā hoʻouka kaua moana a Octavian, a ʻo ke kaua pū kekahi ma Cape Actium. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua paʻi ʻo ia i kāna "Mele" kaulana ("Odes"), i kākau ʻia i kahi ʻano mele. Ua uhi lākou i nā kumuhana he nui, e like me ka loina, ke aloha ʻāina, ke aloha, ka hoʻopono, a pēlā aku.
I nā odes, ua hoʻoleʻaleʻa pinepine ʻo Horace iā Augustus, no ka mea i kekahi manawa ua kūpaʻa ʻo ia me kāna papa politika, a ua maopopo pū nō hoʻi i kona ola wiwo ʻole e pili ana i ke olakino a me ke ʻano o ka mōʻī.
ʻOiai ʻo nā "Mele" o Horace i hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia e kona mau makahiki, ua ʻoi aku ko lākou ola i ko lākou mea kākau no nā kenekulia he nui a lilo i mea hoʻoikaika i nā haku mele Lūkia. He mea pīhoihoi ka poʻe e like me Mikhail Lomonosov, Gabriel Derzhavin a me Afanasy Fet i hana i kā lākou unuhi.
I ka mua o ka makahiki 20 BC. Hoʻomaka ʻo Horace e nalo i ka hoihoi i ka ʻano odic. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kāna puke hou "Nā memo", ʻo 3 mau leta a hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā hoa aloha.
Ma muli o ka makemake nui ʻia o nā hana a Horace ma ka wā kahiko a i kēia mau lā, ua ola kāna mau hana āpau a hiki i kēia lā. Kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o ka hana hou ʻana o ka paʻi, ʻaʻohe mea kākau kahiko i paʻi ʻia e like me Horace.
Ke ola pilikino
I loko o nā makahiki o kāna pilikino pilikino, ʻaʻole i male ʻo Horace, a ʻaʻole hoʻi i haʻalele i kāna keiki. Ua wehewehe nā poʻe o ka wā i kona kiʻi penei: "pōkole, bele, bele."
Eia nō naʻe, ua makemake pinepine ke kāne i nā leʻaleʻa kūlohelohe me nā kaikamahine like ʻole. ʻO kāna muses ka Thracian Chloe a me Barina, i ʻike ʻia e ko lāua uʻi a me ka maʻalea, a ua kapa ʻia kāna aloha hope loa.
Wahi a nā biographers he nui nā aniani a me nā kiʻi erotic i loko o kona lumi moe i hiki i ka mea haku mele ke nānā i nā kiʻi nude i nā wahi āpau.
Make
Ua make ʻo Horace ma Nowemapa 27, 8 BC. i ka makahiki 56. ʻO ke kumu o kona make ʻana he maʻi ʻike ʻole ʻia nāna i hopu koke iā ia. Ua hoʻoili ʻo ia i kāna mau waiwai āpau iā ʻOtavian, nāna i koi mai mai kēia manawa aku i nā ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao āpau i aʻo ʻia ka hana a ka haku mele.
Nā kiʻi ʻo Horace
