ʻO Yuri Andropov (1914-1984) - ka mokuʻāina Soviet a me ka luna politika, alakaʻi o ka USSR ma 1982-1984. Kakauolelo Nui o ke Komite Waena CPSU (1982-1984).
ʻO ka luna o ka Presidium o ka Soviet Soviet kiʻekiʻe loa o ka USSR (1983-1984). I ka manawa 1967-1982. alakaʻi i ke Kōmike palekana USSR State. Hero o ka Hana Hana.
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino Andropov, a mākou e haʻi e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Yuri Andropov.
Kawaihae o Andropov
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Yuri Andropov ma Iune 2 (15), 1914 ma ke kauhale o Nagutskaya (moku ʻo Stavropol). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻikepili e pili ana i kona kumu, no ke kumu paha he luna ʻikepili Soviet kona makuahine. ʻO ka hopena, he nui nā ʻike mai ka moʻolelo pilikino o Andropov e nīnau ʻia nei.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
ʻO ke poʻo o ka USSR e hiki mai ana i hānai ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana o ka limahana alahao ʻo Vladimir Andropov, ʻo ia kona makuakāne. Ua make ua kanaka nei i ka makahiki 1919 mai typhus i ka wā he 5 mau makahiki o ke keikikāne.
Wahi a Yuri Vladimirovich, ʻo kona makuahine, ʻo Evgenia Karlovna, ke kaikamahine hānai a kahi Iudaio waiwai Finnish Karl Fleckenstein, nona ka hale kūʻai mea hoʻonaninani.
Ua aʻo kekahi wahine mai ka makahiki 17 i ke mele i kahi hale haʻuki wahine.
Ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne, neʻe ʻo Yuri me kona makuahine e noho i Mozdok. Maanei ua puka ʻo ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe a ua komo i ke Komsomol. I kēlā manawa, ua male hou kona makuahine.
I ka wā o ka moʻomeheu o 1932-1936. Ua aʻo ʻo Andropov ma ke kula ʻoihana muliwai ʻo Rybinsk, a lilo i ʻenehana no ka hana o ka lawe kahawai. Ma hope ua puka ʻo ia i ke kula absentia mai ke kula ʻo Higher Party ma lalo o ke Kōmike Waena o ka CPSU (b).
Hoʻohui ʻia, ua aʻo ʻo Yuri Andropov i ka absentia ma ke keʻena mōʻaukala a me ka philological o ke Kulanui Mokuʻāina ʻo Karelo-Finnish.
Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana ma ke kula nui no 4 mau makahiki, ua haʻalele ʻo ia iā ia. ʻO kēia ma muli o kona hoʻohuli ʻia i Moscow. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i kona wā ʻōpio ua hoʻokele ʻo ia e hana ma ke ʻano he telegraph operator a ʻoiai ma ke ʻano he kōkua projectionist.
Kālaiʻāina
ʻOiai he haumāna ʻoiai, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Yuri e hoihoi i ka politika. Ma ke kau waena o 30, he mea hoʻonohonoho ʻo Komsomol ma ka hale moku ʻo Rybinsk, i mālama ʻia i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki wale nō e kū aʻe i ke kūlana kākau kākau mua o ke kōmike kūloko ʻo Yaroslavl o ka hui Komsomol.
Ma kēia kūlana, ua hōʻike ʻo Andropov iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonohonoho talena a me kahi komunista lawehala, nāna i hoʻokipa ka manaʻo o ke alakaʻi o Moscow. ʻO ka hopena, ua kauoha ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻonohonoho i kahi hui ʻōpio ʻo Komsomol ma ka repubalika Karelo-Finnish i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1940.
Noho ʻo Yuri ma aneʻi ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki, ke kū pono ʻana i nā hana āpau. I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ke Kaua Nui Patriotic (1941-1945), ʻaʻole ia i komo i loko o ia mea, no nā pilikia olakino. Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa iā ia nā pilikia kīwī.
Eia nō naʻe, ua kōkua ʻo Andropov i ka ʻāina i ka hakakā kūʻē ʻana i nā poʻe komo kaua fascist Kelemania. Ua hana nui ʻo ia e hoʻākoakoa i ka ʻōpio a hoʻonohonoho i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao ma Karelia, a ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua ua hoʻihoʻi ʻo ia i ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni.
No kēia, ua hāʻawi ʻia ke kāne i 2 Kauoha o ka Red Banner of Labor a me ka mekala "Partisan of the Patriotic War" kekelē ʻekahi.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Yuri Vladimirovich ʻoihana e ulu ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki. I nā makahiki 1950 mua, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ʻo ia i Moscow a ua koho ʻia i ka noho luna o ke Kōmike Waena. Ma hope koke iho ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i Hungary ma ke ʻano he ʻelele Soviet.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia i ka 1956 ua pili pololei ʻo Andropov i ka kaohi ʻana o ka haunaele Hungarian - kahi kipi kūʻē i ke aupuni pro-Soviet o Hungary, i luku ʻia e nā pūʻali koa Soviet.
ʻO KGB
I Mei 1967, ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Yuri Andropov i lunahoomalu o ka KGB, kahi āna i mālama ai no 15 mau makahiki lōʻihi. Ma lalo ona i hoʻomaka ai kēia hana e hana koʻikoʻi i ka mokuʻāina.
Ma ke kauoha a Andropov, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Fifth Directorate, ka mea i kāohi i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka poʻe naʻauao a kāohi i nā hoʻouka kaua anti-Soviet.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, me ka ʻole o ka ʻae ʻia o ke alakaʻi o KGB, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi manawa koho nui ke hoʻoholo i nā wahi āpau, e like me nā ʻoihana, ʻoihana, moʻomeheu, haʻuki a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
Ua hakakā ikaika ke Kōmike Kālepa Mokuʻāina e kūʻē i nā neʻe kūʻē a me nā neʻe aupuni. Ma lalo o Andropov, ua hoʻouna pinepine ʻia nā poʻe kūʻē i nā haukapila noʻonoʻo no ka mālama pono ʻia. Ma kāna ʻoka ma 1973, ua hoʻomaka ka kipaku ʻia ʻana o nā mea kūʻē.
No laila, i ka 1974, ua kipaku ʻia ʻo Alexander Solzhenitsyn mai ka Soviet Union a ua hoʻonele ʻia i kona kamaʻāina. Iʻeono mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lawe pio ʻia ka ʻepekema kaulana ʻo Andrei Sakharov i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Gorky, kahi i nānā ʻia ai e nā mākaʻi KGB.
I ka 1979, ʻo Yuri Andropov kekahi o nā mea i hoʻokumu i ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā pūʻali koa Soviet i Afghanistan. Ua manaʻo ka lehulehu ʻo ke Kuhina Pale Kaua ʻo Dmitry Ustinov a me ke poʻo o ka KGB Yuri Andropov nā mea nui i hoʻokuʻu i ka hakakā kaua.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o kāna hana me ka hakakā paʻakikī i ka palaho. He uku kiʻekiʻe loa kāna uku, akā inā ua ʻike ʻo ia e pili ana i ke kīpē, a laila hoʻopaʻi nui ʻia ka mea hewa.
Kakauolelo Nui
Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Leonid Brezhnev i ka makahiki 1982, ua lilo ʻo Yuri Andropov i alakaʻi hou no ka USSR. ʻO kēia koho ʻana kekahi o nā mea nui i kāna moʻomeheu politika. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokau i ka hoʻopaʻi hana, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻopau loa i ka parasitism.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i kēlā mau makahiki, i ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o ke ao i nā hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, hana ʻia nā mākaʻi. Ua haʻi ʻia i nā mea nānā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka mea a lākou e hana nei i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka lā e hana ana nā poʻe āpau.
ʻO kahi hakakā paʻakikī e kūʻē i ka palaho, loaʻa kālā loaʻa ʻole a me nā manaʻo kuhihewa i hoʻomaka i ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka poʻe i ahewa ʻia no nā lawehala. I ka kūlike me kēia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hakakā anti-alkohol, a ʻo kahi hopena i hoʻomaʻau ʻino ʻia.
A inā ma ke kulekele kūloko ua hoʻokele ʻo Andropov e hoʻokō i kekahi mau kūleʻa, a laila ma nā kulekele ʻē aʻe ʻokoʻa nā mea āpau. ʻAʻole ʻae ke kaua ma Afghanistan a me nā pilina koʻikoʻi me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻole o nā haole i ka USSR.
Malia paha ua hiki iā Yuri Vladimirovich ke hoʻonā i nā pilikia hou aʻe, akā no kēia mea ua pono ʻo ia i kahi manawa hou aku. He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka ʻāina ma lalo o 2 mau makahiki.
Ke ola pilikino
I loko o nā makahiki o kāna pilikino pilikino, ua male ʻelua ʻo Andropov. ʻO kāna wahine mua ʻo Nina Engalycheva, kahi āna i noho ai ma kahi o 5 mau makahiki. I kēia hui ʻana, hānau ʻia ke kaikamahine ʻo Evgenia a me ke keiki ʻo Vladimir.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ke keiki a ke kākau ʻōlelo pūkaua i ʻelua mau manawa i lawelawe i ka hale paʻahao no ka ʻaihue. Ma hope o kona hoʻokuʻu ʻia, inu nui ʻo ia a ʻaʻole hana ma kahi ʻē. Ua hūnā ʻo Yuri Andropov i kāna keikikāne ʻo Vladimir ma hope o nā kaola, no ka mea ʻaʻohe o nā lālā o ke alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa nā ʻohana.
ʻO ka hopena, ua make ʻo Vladimir i ka makahiki 35. ʻO ka pīhoihoi, ʻaʻole makemake ka makuakāne e hele i kona hoʻolewa. Ma hope, ua male ʻo Yuri Andropov iā Tatyana Lebedeva. He kaikamahine kā lāua wahine ʻo Irina, a me kāna keikikāne ʻo Igor.
Make
4 mau makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua kipa aku ʻo Andropov i Afghanistan, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. Ua paʻakikī ka mālama ʻana, a ua hōʻeha ka maʻi i nā ʻiʻo a me nā maka.
He mau mahina ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua nui hou aku ke olakino o ke kākau ʻōlelo. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona manawa ma kahi noho ʻāina. Nawaliwali loa ke kanaka a ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hele i waho o kahi moe. I Kepakemapa 1983 ua hele ʻo ia e hoʻomaha i ka Crimea.
Ma ka peninsula, ua loaʻa ʻo Yuri Vladimirovich i ke anuanu, ma muli o ka hopena ua ulu ʻo ia i ka mumū o ka cellulose. Ua hana maikaʻi ʻia ʻo ia, akā ʻaʻole i ola ka ʻeha ma hope. Ua luhi loa ke kino i hiki ʻole ke kaua i ka ona.
Ua make ʻo Yuri Andropov ma Pepeluali 9, 1984 i ka makahiki 69. ʻO ke kumu kūleʻa o ka make ʻo ka ʻole o ka hakuʻala.
Nā kiʻi Andropov