He wahi unenviable ko Boris Godunov (1552 - 1605) ma ka mōʻaukala Lūkia. A ʻo wau iho, ʻaʻole makemake ka poʻe mōʻaukala iā Tsar Boris: hoʻomāinoino ʻo ia iā Tsarevich Dmitry, a i ʻole kauoha iā ia e hoʻomāinoino iā ia, a hoʻonāukiuki nui ʻole, a ʻaʻole makemake i nā kūʻē politika.
Ua loaʻa iā Boris Godunov ia mai nā haku akamai. ʻOiai paha he kanaka naʻaupō i ka mōʻaukala ua heluhelu a lohe paha ʻo ia i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i kahi kope o ʻO Bulgakov ʻo ʻIvan Vasilyevich ka weliweli: “ʻO wai ʻo Boris ka Tsar? ʻO Boriska?! ʻO Boris no ke aupuni? .. No laila ʻo ia, ka maʻalea, hoʻowahāwahā i uku aku ai i ke aliʻi no ka mea lokomaikaʻi! .. Ua makemake ʻo ia e noho aliʻi a lilo nā mea āpau iā ia .. .. Kūhewa ka make. " He mau huaʻōlelo wale nō, akā ua mākaukau ke kiʻi o Godunov - maʻalea, maʻalea a me ke ʻano. ʻO ʻIvana wale nō ka weliweli, kekahi o kāna mau hoapili ʻo Godunov, ʻaʻole i hiki a ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻōlelo pēlā. A ʻo kēia mau huaʻōlelo ʻo Bulgakov i lawe mai ka leka mai ma waena o Andrei Kurbsky lāua ʻo Grozny, a mai ka leka a Kurbsky.
I ka pōʻino o ka inoa like na Pushkin, hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻi o Boris Godunov me ka hilinaʻi kūpono. ʻO Pushkin Boris, hoʻomāinoino ʻia e nā kānalua inā paha ua make maoli ʻo Tsarevich Dmitry, a ua nui loa ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻokauwā ʻana a nā mahiʻai, akā i ka nui, ua like ke ʻano o Pushkin's Godunov me ka mea maoli.
ʻO Scene mai ka opera na M. Mussorgsky e pili ana i ka pōʻino o A. Pushkin "Boris Godunov"
Pehea ka tsar i noho aliʻi ai iā Rūsia i ka huli ʻana o ka 16 - 17 mau kenekulia i ola a make?
1. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻohe ʻike e pili ana i ke kumu a me ka wā kamaliʻi o Boris. ʻIke ʻia he keiki ia na kahi ʻāina ʻona Kostroma, a ʻo ia, he keiki na kekahi aliʻi hanohano. ʻO nā Godunovs ponoʻī i iho mai i ka mōʻī Tatar. ʻO ka hopena e pili ana i kā Boris Godunov palapala heluhelu i hana ʻia ma ke kumu o kahi manawaleʻa i kākau ʻia e ia i loko o kāna lima iho. ʻO nā mōʻī, e like me ke kuʻuna, ʻaʻole hoʻohaumia i ko lākou mau lima i ka inika.
2. Ua make mua nā mākua o Boris, ʻo ia a me kona kaikuahine i mālama ʻia e ke keikikāne ʻo Dmitry Godunov, kokoke iā ʻIvana ka Weliweli, ko lāua ʻanakala. ʻO Dmitry, ʻoiai kona "lahilahi", ua hana ʻo ia i kahi ʻoihana maikaʻi i nā kiaʻi. Noho ʻo ia ma kahi like ma lalo o ka tsar e like me Malyuta Skuratov. ʻO ke kūlohelohe, ua lilo ke kaikamahine waena o Skuratov Maria i wahine na Boris Godunov.
3. I kēia manawa i ka makahiki 19, ʻo Boris ke kāne kāne a ke kāne mare i ka male ʻana o ʻIvana ka weliweli me Martha Sobakina, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua loaʻa ka manawa i ka tsar e mahalo i ke kanaka ʻōpio. Ua hana like nā hui a Godunov i ke kūlana like i ka male ʻana o ka tsar no ka lima o ka manawa.
ʻO ka male ʻana ʻo ʻIvana ka weliweli a me Martha Sobakina
4. Ua male ʻia ke kaikuahine o Boris Godunov ʻo Irina i ke keiki kāne a ʻIvana ka weliweli ʻo Fyodor, ka mea i lilo ka noho aliʻi o kona makuakāne. 9 mau lā ma hope o ka make ʻana o kāna kāne, ua lawe ʻo Irina i kona lauoho ma ke ʻano he nun. Ua make ka mōʻī wahine nun i ka makahiki 1603.
5. I ka lā i male ai ʻo Fyodor Ivanovich i ke aupuni (Mei 31, 1584), ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ke kūlana o ka equestrian ma Godunov. I kēlā manawa, pili ke keiki kāne i ka pōʻai kokoke loa i ka mōʻī. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea pehea i haki ai ʻo ʻIvani ka weliweli i ke kumu kūpuna, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau loa iā ia, a ma hope o ka male ʻana o ke aupuni, ua kāhea nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻohana kahiko iā Godunov he "limahana". Pēlā ka autocracy.
ʻO Tsar Fyodor ʻInikovich
6. ʻO Fyodor Ivanovich kahi kanaka haipule loa (ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā mea kākau moʻolelo o ka 19 kenekulia i manaʻo i kēia waiwai o ka ʻuhane, inā ʻaʻole pupule, a laila he ʻano dementia - pule nui ka tsar, hele i kahi huakaʻi hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia pule, ʻaʻohe hoʻomākeʻaka). Ua hoʻoponopono mālie ʻia nā hihia hoʻokele e Godunov. Hoʻomaka nā papahana kūkulu nui, hoʻonui ʻia ka uku o nā kauā a ka mōʻī, a hoʻomaka lākou e hopu a hoʻopaʻi i ka poʻe lawe kīpē.
7. Ma lalo o Boris Godunov, ua kū mua kahi makuakāne ma Rūsia. I 1588, Ecumenical Patriarch ʻo Ieremia II i hōʻea i Moscow. I ka manawa mua, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ke kūlana o ka makuakāne Lūkini, akā hōʻole ʻo Ieremia, e pili ana i ka manaʻo o kāna poʻe kāhuna. A laila ua hoʻākoakoa ʻia ka ʻAha Hoʻohanohano, a ua koho ʻia he ʻekolu moho. ʻO kēia mau mea (i kūlike me ke kaʻina hana i lawe ʻia ma Constantinople), ʻo Boris, ka mea nāna i mālama i nā hihia o ka mokuʻāina, i koho iā Metropolitan Job. Ua noho aliʻi kona noho aliʻi ma Ianuali 26, 1589.
ʻO ka makua kāne Lūkini mua ʻo Ioba
8. Ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki, ua hoʻokau ka pūʻali Lūkini ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a Godunov lāua ʻo Fyodor Mstislavsky i ka Crimean horde. I mea e maopopo ai ka makaʻu o ka hoʻouka kaua Crimean, ua lawa kekahi mau lālani mai ka puke moʻolelo, kahi e hōʻike haʻaheo ai ua alualu nā Lūkini i nā Tatar "a hiki i Tula".
9. I ka 1595, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Godunov i kahi kuʻikahi kuikahi me nā Suedena i kūleʻa no Rūsia, e like me ka mea i lilo nā ʻāina i ka huakaʻi mua ʻole o ke kaua Livonian i hoʻihoʻi ʻia iā Lūkia.
10. Ua kiola ʻo Andrey Chokhov i ka Tsar Cannon ma ke kuhikuhi a Godunov. ʻAʻole lākou e kī mai iā ia - ʻaʻohe pū o ka pū. Ua hana lākou i kahi mea kaua ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka mana o ka mokuʻāina. Ua hana ʻo Chokhov i ka Tsar Bell, akā ʻaʻole ia i ola a hiki i kēia lā.
11. Ke hoʻomaka nei me Karamzin lāua ʻo Kostomarov, hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe mōʻaukala iā Godunov i ka hoʻopulana weliweli. Wahi a lākou, ua hōʻino mau ʻo ia a ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich kekahi mau lālā o ka Papa Kahu. Akā ʻo kahi kamaʻāina me nā hanana i hōʻike ʻia e kēia mau mōʻaukala e hōʻike ana ua makemake nā keiki kāne hanohano iā Tsar Fyodor e haʻalele iā Irina Godunova. Ua aloha ʻo Fyodor i kāna wahine, a ua pale aku ʻo Boris i kona kaikuahine me kona ikaika a pau. Pono ia no Messrs. Shuisky, Mstislavsky a me Romanov e hele i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kirillo-Belozersky.
12. Ma lalo o Godunov, ulu ulu ʻo Lūkia me Siberia. Lanakila hope ʻo Khan Kuchum, hoʻokumu ʻo Tyumen, Tobolsk, Berezov, Surgut, Tara, Tomsk. Ua koi ʻo Godunov e hana ʻoihana me nā lāhui kūloko "weasel". Ua hoʻokumu kēia ʻano i kumu maikaʻi no ka hapalua o ke kenekulia e like me ka lawe ʻana o nā Lūkini i nā kapakai o ka Moana Pākīpika.
ʻO Lūkia ma lalo o Boris Godunov
13. Ua wāwahi ka poʻe mōʻaukala i nā ihe ma luna o ka "Uglich urusan" - ka pepehi kanaka ʻana iā Tsarevich Dmitry ma Uglich. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi loa, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Godunov ke kumu nui a me ka mea e pono ai ka pepehi kanaka. Ua ʻōlelo pololei ʻo Karamzin ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Godunov mai ka noho aliʻi e kahi keiki kāne wale nō. ʻAʻole i noʻonoʻo ka mea kākau moʻolelo hanohano a me ka naʻau i kekahi mau mea hou aʻe: ma waena o Boris a me ka noho aliʻi e waiho ana ma kahi o 8 mau makahiki (ua pepehi ʻia ke keiki aliʻi i 1591, a ua koho ʻia ʻo Boris iā tsar ma 1598 wale nō) a me ke koho balota maoli a Godunov ma ke ʻano he tsar ma ka Zemsky Sobor.
ʻO ka pepehi kanaka iā Tsarevich Dmitry
14. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Tsar Fyodor Ua haʻalele ʻo Godunov i kahi hale mōneka a no hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ko Irina hoʻokani paʻa ʻana ua haʻalele ke aliʻi i ka mokuʻāina. Ma Pepeluali 17, 1598 wale nō, koho ka Zemsky Sobor iā Godunov i ka noho aliʻi, a ma Kepakemapa 1 ua hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo Godunov i mōʻī.
15. ʻO nā lā mua ma hope o ka male ʻana i ke aupuni ua waiwai i nā makana a me nā pono. Ua pāpālua ʻo Boris Godunov i ka uku o nā limahana a pau. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka poʻe kalepa mai ka hana no ʻelua mau makahiki, a me nā mahiʻai mai ka ʻauhau no hoʻokahi makahiki. Ua hana ʻia kahi kala kala lehulehu. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kālā i nā wahine kāne make a me nā keiki makua ʻole. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā haole mai yasak no hoʻokahi makahiki. Ua hoʻonui ʻia he haneli mau kānaka i nā kūlana a me nā kūlana.
16. ʻO nā haumāna mua i hoʻouna ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike ʻia ma lalo o Peter the Great, akā ma lalo o Boris Godunov. Ma ke ala like, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā "mea pale" mua ma lalo o ka mana Soviet, akā ma lalo o Godunov - mai loko mai o ka ʻumikūmālua mau ʻōpio i hoʻouna ʻia e aʻo, hoʻokahi wale nō i hoʻi i Lūkia.
17. ʻO nā Lūkia Lūkia, ka mea i ola iki ʻole ai ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻomaka ma muli o ka nāwaliwali a maikaʻi ʻole o ka nohoaliʻi ʻana o Boris Godunov. ʻAʻole ia i hoʻomaka i ka wā i puka mai ai ka Pretender ma ke komohana o ka mokuʻāina. Ua hoʻomaka ka wā i ʻike ai kekahi o nā keikikāne i nā pono no lākou iho i ke ʻano o ka Pretender a me ka nāwaliwali o ka mana aliʻi, a hoʻomaka malū lākou e kākoʻo iā False Dmitry.
18. I ka makahiki 1601 - 1603 ua loʻohia ʻo Lūkia e ka wī weliweli. ʻO kāna kumu mua kahi cataclysm kūlohelohe - ka hū ʻana o ka lua pele ʻo Huaynaputina (!!!) ma Peru i hoʻonāukiuki i ka wā Ice liʻiliʻi. Ua heleleʻi ka mahana o ka ea, a ʻaʻohe manawa o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia e oʻo ai. Akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ka wī e kahi pilikia o ke aupuni. Hoʻomaka ʻo Tsar Boris e hāʻawi i ke kālā i ka pōloli, a he mau haneli mau tausani o ka poʻe i holo i Moscow. I ka manawa like, hoʻonui ke kumukūʻai o ka berena i 100 mau manawa. ʻO nā Boyars a me nā mōneka (ʻaʻole ʻo ia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā he nui loa) kāohi i ka berena ma ke kakali ʻana i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe aʻe. ʻO ka hopena, ua make he mau kaukani mau kānaka i ka pōloli. ʻAi ka poʻe i ka ʻiole, ʻiole, a he lepo hoʻi. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi hahau weliweli ʻaʻole wale i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina, akā i ka mana hoʻi o Boris Godunov. Ma hope o kahi pōpilikia nui, ʻo nā ʻōlelo i hoʻouna ʻia i hoʻopaʻi ʻia i ka poʻe no nā lawehala o "Boriska" me he mea ʻoiaʻiʻo lā.
19. I ka pau ʻana o ka pololi, puka mai ʻo Faleka Dmitry. No nā absurdity a pau o kona helehelena, ua pani ʻo ia i kahi makaʻu nui, a Godunov i ʻike ai i ka lohi. ʻAe, a paʻakikī i kahi kanaka haipule i kēlā mau lā ke kuhi he mau keikikāne kiʻekiʻe, ka mea i ʻike maopopo ua make ʻo Dmitry maoli no nā makahiki he nui, a honi i ke keʻa me ka hoʻohiki iā Godunov hiki ke maʻalahi ke kumakaia.
20. Ua make ʻo Boris Godunov ma ka lā 13 ʻApelila 1605. He mau hola ma mua o ka make ʻana o ka mōʻī, ua nānā ʻo ia i ke olakino a me ka ikaika, akā ua ʻano palupalu ʻo ia, a hoʻomaka ke kahe o ke koko mai kona ihu a me nā pepeiao. Aia kekahi mau lono o ka ʻona a me ka pepehi kanaka paha, akā ua make paha ʻo Boris i nā kumu kūlohelohe - i loko o nā makahiki ʻeono i hala o kona ola, ua maʻi pinepine ʻo ia.
