ʻO Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl (1801-1872) - Ka mea kākau Lūkini, ethnographer a me lexicographer, mea hōʻiliʻili o nā moʻolelo, kauka koa. Ua loaʻa iā ia ke kaulana nui loa ma muli o ka nui o nā puke "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" i lawe ʻia, a he 53 mau makahiki i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o kā Biora moʻolelo pilikino, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Vladimir Dahl.
Ko kā Dahl moʻomeheu
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Vladimir Dal ma Nowemapa 10 (22), 1801 i ke kauhale o Lugansk mea kanu (ʻo Lugansk kēia manawa). Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i loko o kahi ʻohana akamai a aʻo.
ʻO ka makuakāne o ka mea kākau e hiki mai ana, ʻo Johan Christian Dahl, he Dane Lūkini nāna i lawe i ke kamaʻāina Lūkini a lawe i kahi inoa Lūkia - ʻo ʻIvan Matveyevich Dahl. ʻO ka makuahine, ʻo Yulia Khristoforovna, e hānai nei i ʻeono mau keiki.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
ʻO ke poʻo o ka ʻohana he kauka lapaʻau, theologian a me polyglot. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā ʻōlelo he 8, e laʻa me ka Lākina, Helene a me ka Hebera. Eia kekahi, he kanaka loea kaulana ke kāne, a ua hiki aku kona kaulana iā Catherine 2 iā ia iho.
I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua kono ka mōʻī wahine iā Dahl Sr. e lilo i kahu puke ma ka ʻaha. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka mākaukau o ko Vladimir makuahine ma 5 mau ʻōlelo, ke komo nei i nā hana unuhi.
I ka makahiki ʻehā o Volodya, ua neʻe ʻo ia a me kona ʻohana i Nikolaev. I kēia kūlanakauhale, ua alakaʻi ʻo ʻIvan Matveyevich i ka makemake me nā aliʻi, i ʻae i kāna mau keiki e aʻo manuahi ma ka St. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps.
I ka wā ʻōpio, ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Vladimir Dal ma ka home. I loko o ka hale kahi i ulu ai, ua nānā nui ʻia i ka heluhelu ʻana a me ka hua paʻi, ke aloha i hāʻawi ʻia i nā keiki āpau.
I ka makahiki 13 o ke kanaka ʻōpio, ua komo ʻo ia i ka St. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps, e loaʻa ana ka ʻoihana o ka luna palapala. I ka wā o ka moʻomeheu o 1819-1825. ua hoʻokele ʻo ia e lawelawe i ke kai ʻEleʻele a me Baletika.
I ka hopena o 1823, ua hopu ʻia ʻo Vladimir Dal ma ke ʻano kānalua no ka kākau ʻana i kahi epigram sarcastic e pili ana i ka luna koa o ka Black Sea Fleet, ʻo Alexei Greig, a me kona haku wahine. Ma hope o 8 mau mahina o ka paʻahao, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kāne.
I 1826 Ua lilo ʻo Dahl i haumāna ma ke Kulanui o Dorpat, e koho ana i ka ʻoihana olakino. I loko o kāna mau makahiki haumāna, pono ʻo ia e huikau i loko o kahi lumi liʻiliʻi o ka keʻena liʻiliʻi, e loaʻa ana kahi ola e nā haʻawina pilikino ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkia. ʻOiai ke aʻo ʻana ma ke kula nui, ua haku ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo Lākina, a ua aʻo pū kekahi i nā ʻano akeakamai.
Wartime a me ka hana ʻana
Ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ke kaua Lūkini-Tureke (1828-1829), pono ʻo Vladimir Dahl e hoʻopau i kāna mau aʻo ʻana. I ka wā o ke kaua a ma hope o kona hopena, ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma mua ma ke ʻano he kauka koa, ʻoiai ua makemake nui ka pūʻali Lūkia i nā limahana lapaʻau.
Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Dahl e loaʻa i kāna diploma ma mua o ka manawa, "ua hala ka hōʻike no ke kauka ʻaʻole wale i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, akā i ke ʻoki pū kekahi." He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hōʻoia ʻo ia he kauka kauka maikaʻi loa, a he koa koa i komo i kekahi mau kaua. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ke Kauoha o St. Vladimir, kēkelē 4 mai Nicholas 1 iā ia iho.
No kekahi mau manawa, ua hana ʻo Vladimir Dal i kekahi o nā haukapila ma St. Petersburg, e loaʻa ana ka hanohano ma ke ʻano he kauka loea. Ma hope ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka lāʻau, akā naʻe, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hoihoi i ka ophthalmology a me ka homeopathy. ʻO ka hoihoi, ʻo ia ka mea kākau o kekahi o nā hana mua i ka Lūkini Lūkini e pale aku i ka homeopathy.
I ka makahiki 1832 ua paʻi ʻo Dahl i ka hana ʻo “Russian Fairy Tales. ʻO ka ʻelima mua ”, a lilo ia i hana nui nāna. Ua kākau ʻia nā moʻolelo kaʻao i kahi ʻōlelo i hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomaopopo. Ma hope o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka puke, ua loaʻa ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ka mahalo nui ʻia i nā pōʻai moʻokalaleo o ke kūlanakauhale.
Eia naʻe, ua manaʻo ke Kuhina Hoʻonaʻau i ka hana i hiki ʻole ke hilinaʻi ʻia, ma muli o kahi hopena i luku ʻia ai ka hoʻopuka piha ʻole o ka Russian Fairy Tales. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hopu ʻia ʻo Dahl a lawe ʻia i ka hale paʻahao.
Ua pakele ʻo Vladimir Ivanovich mai nā kipi hou aʻe ma muli o ke kōkua o ka haku mele ʻo Zhukovsky, ʻo ia ke alakaʻi o Tsarevich Alexander 2. Ua hōʻike ka mea haku mele i nā mea a pau i pili i ka hoʻoilina o ka noho aliʻi ma kahi ʻano hoʻomākeʻaka a hoʻomākeʻaka hoʻi, ma muli o ke kumu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai nā hoʻopiʻi mai Dahl mai.
I ka makahiki 1833, ua hoʻokumu ka mea hana o ka "Explanatory Dictionary" i ka kūlana o kahi luna no nā hana kūikawā e hana ana ma lalo o ke kiaʻāina koa. I kēia kūlana, hana ʻo ia ma kahi o 8 mau makahiki.
I kēlā mau makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu, ua kipa ʻo Dal i nā wahi o ka Southern Urals, kahi āna i hōʻiliʻili ai i nā mea he nui o nā moʻolelo folklore, kahi i hoʻokumu ai i kāna kumu hana. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i kēlā manawa ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ma ka liʻiliʻi he 12 mau ʻōlelo.
Ua hoʻomau ʻo Vladimir Dal i ka hana kākau. I nā makahiki 1830, hana pū ʻo ia me ka paʻi Rural Reading. I ka manawa like, "Aia kekahi mau kaʻao no Cossack Lugansky" i puka mai ma lalo o kāna peni.
Mai 1841 a 1849, noho ʻo Dal ma St. Petersburg, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he kākau ʻōlelo no Count Lev Perovsky, a ma ke ʻano he poʻo o kāna chancellery kūikawā. A laila ua kākau ʻo ia i nā "essay physiological" he nui, i hōʻuluʻulu i nā puke e pili ana i ka zoology a me ka botany, a paʻi pū i nā ʻatikala a me nā moʻolelo he nui.
ʻOiai i kona wā ʻōpio, ua hoihoi nui ʻo Vladimir Dal i nā ʻōlelo noʻeau, nā ʻōlelo a me nā moʻolelo kuʻuna Lūkini. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā mea like like mai ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa. Ke hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻokokoke aku i ka poʻe maʻamau, hoʻoholo ʻo ia e neʻe i kahi panalāʻau.
Ma 1849, noho kahi kāne ma Nizhny Novgorod, kahi ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki ʻo ia i lawelawe ma ke ʻano he luna o kahi keʻena kikoʻī kūloko. Ma aneʻi i hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i ka hana ma kahi puke nui - "Nā ʻ Proverbslelo Hoʻākāka a ka poʻe Lūkia", i loaʻa ma kahi o 30,000 mau ʻōlelo nūhou.
A ʻo ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa o Vladimir Dal ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language". ʻO nā huaʻōlelo i loko o ia mea, i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kenekulia 19, he mau wehewehe kikoʻī a kikoʻī kāna. Ua hala he 53 mau makahiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka puke wehewehe ʻōlelo.
I ka hana, ua hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o 200,000 mau huaʻōlelo, ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ia mau mea i hoʻokomo ʻole ʻia i loko o nā puke wehewehe ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe. No kēia hana i ka makahiki 1863, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Dahl ka Makana Lomonosov o ka Academy of Science a me ka inoa o ka Academic Honorary. Ua paʻi ʻia ka paʻi 4 ma mua i ka manawa 1863-1866.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka Dahl i hāpai i ka manaʻo ʻaʻole pono e aʻo ʻia nā mahiʻai i ka heluhelu a me ke kākau ʻana, no ka mea me ka ʻole o ka noʻonoʻo pono a me ka noʻonoʻo pono, ʻaʻole ia e lawe i ka poʻe i ka maikaʻi.
ʻIke me Pushkin
ʻO Alexander Pushkin hoaloha me Dal i manaʻo ʻia e hana ʻia me ke kōkua o Zhukovsky, akā ua hoʻoholo ʻo Vladimir e hui pū me ka haku mele nui. Hāʻawi ʻo ia iā ia i kekahi o nā kope e ola nei o ka Russian Fairy Tales.
ʻO ia makana i hauʻoli iā Pushkin, no ka hopena ua hoʻouna ʻo ia iā Dal i ka palapala o kāna moʻolelo hou "No ke kahuna a me kāna mea hana ʻo Balda", me ka poina ʻole e kau inoa i kāna autograph.
Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Vladimir Dal i hele pū me ka mea haku mele i kahi huakaʻi i nā wahi o nā hanana Pugachev i hana ʻia ma ka moku ʻo Orenburg. ʻO ka hopena, hōʻike ʻo Pushkin i ka mea kākau me kahi kope makana o ka Mōʻaukala ʻo Pugachev.
He mea pīhoihoi ka noho ʻana o Dahl i ka wā i hōʻeha ʻeha ʻia ai ʻo Alexander Sergeevich Dantes. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopakele i ke ola o ka haku mele nui. Ma ka pō o kona make ʻana, hāʻawi ʻo Pushkin i kāna hoa aloha i kāna talisman - he apo gula me ka emerala.
Ke ola pilikino
I ka makahiki 32 o Vladimir, male ʻo ia iā Julia Andre. I loko o kēia male, he kaikamahine kā lāua, ʻo Julia, a me kahi keikikāne, ʻo Lev. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hala ka wahine a Dahl.
I ka makahiki 1840, male hou kahi kāne i ke kaikamahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Ekaterina Sokolova. I kēia hui ʻana, he ʻekolu mau kaikamahine a nā wahine: ʻo Maria, ʻo Olga lāua ʻo Ekaterina.
Make
I nā makahiki hope o kona ola, makemake ʻo Dahl i ka spiritualism a me ka homeopathy. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua kū ka mālamalama mua iā ia, a ʻo kahi hopena a ka mea kākau i kapa ai he kahuna Orthodox e hui pū me ka hale pule Orthodox Lūkini.
ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻololi ke kāne mai Lutheranism a i ka Orthodoxy. Ua make ʻo Vladimir Dal ma Kepakemapa 22 (ʻOkakopa 4) 1872 i ka makahiki 70.
Nā kiʻi na Vladimir Dahl
