ʻO Mikhail Zoshchenko (1894 - 1958) kekahi o nā mea kākau Lūkini nui o ka 20 kenekulia. ʻO kekahi kanaka i hele i loko o ke Kaua Honua Mua a me ke Kaua Kivila a ʻeha ʻeha ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke huhū ʻia e ka wā hou hou. Eia kekahi, ua ʻae ka luna o ka pūʻali koa tsarist i nā hoʻololi i kū i ka ʻāina ma hope o ka ʻOkakopa Nui Socialist Revolution a kākoʻo iā lākou.
Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Zoshchenko he pono ka poʻe hou e kūkulu i kahi mokuʻāina hou. I kāna mau hana, ua hoʻoili ʻo ia i nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻoilina ʻia e Soviet Russia mai Tsarist Russia. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui ka mea kākau me kāna mau hoapili, ka mea i manaʻo he pono e hāpai i ke kumu waiwai o ka nohona kanaka, a ʻo nā loli i ka ʻuhane o ka poʻe e hele mai lākou iho. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i nā "pahu" no kou ʻuhane, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Zoshchenko i kēlā mau hakakā me nā hoa hana.
Ua komo ʻo Zoshchenko i nā puke ma ke ʻano he mea hana i kahi ʻōlelo kūikawā a kū hoʻokahi hoʻi o ka hōʻike. Hiki i nā mea kākau ma mua ona ke hoʻolauna i nā ʻano ʻōlelo, nā jargons, nā argos, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka moʻolelo, akā ʻo Zoshchenko wale nō ka mea i loaʻa ke akamai ma ka hōʻike ʻana i ka haʻiʻōlelo i haʻi ʻia e kāna mau mea iā lākou iho me kahi huaʻōlelo koloke.
Ua kaumaha ka hopena o ka mea kākau. Hoʻohilahila hewa ʻole ʻia e nā luna o ka pāʻina, e hōʻino ana i kona olakino, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e kiʻi i nā loaʻa kālā a ʻae i nā kōkua, ma kahi o ka hāʻawi ʻana aku i nā mea heluhelu i kāna mau hana leʻaleʻa maikaʻi loa ...
1. Ke hoʻokolokolo nei e nā puke kākau a Zoshchenko, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kākau mai ka wā kamaliʻi, i ka makahiki 7 - 8. I ka manawa mua ua hoihoi ʻia ʻo ia i ka mele, a i ka makahiki 1907 ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna moʻolelo mua ʻo "Coat". Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Zoshchenko e paʻi ʻia ma hope o ke kipi, e hoʻomaka ana ma 1921. Aia nā moʻo palapala i kekahi mau moʻolelo i kākau ʻia i ka makahiki 1914-1915.
2. Mai nā puke like like hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo Mikhail Zoshchenko i ka make, hopu ʻia he 6 mau manawa, kuʻi ʻia he 3 mau manawa a ʻelua mau manawa āna i hoʻāʻo ai e pepehi iā ia iho.
3. Ma ke ʻano kamaliʻi, ua ʻike ʻo Zoshchenko i kahi haʻalulu psychological koʻikoʻi - ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne, ua hele ʻo ia a me kona makuahine e ʻimi i kahi penihana, akā ua holo i loko o kahi ʻōlelo hōʻino mai ka luna. Ua hopohopo nui ʻo Misha ua loaʻa iā ia nā pilikia noʻonoʻo no ke koena o kona ola. I loko o ka exacerbations o ka maʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ale wale i ka meaʻai, lilo i pili ʻole a huhū. Ua hoʻopili wale ʻia ʻo ia me ka manaʻo o ka hilinaʻi iā ia iho, nā hana o ka makemake, hoʻōla. Inā i kona wā ʻōpio ua nānā iki ka poʻe i kēia pulakaumaka, a laila i ka wā ʻelemakule ua kamaʻilio ʻo ia me Zoshchenko me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanawanui. ʻO ka moʻolelo "Ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka lā", ka mea i lilo i kumu koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻohewa ʻana i ka mea kākau, ua piha i nā haʻiʻōlelo pseudo-ʻepekema e pili ana i ka hoʻōla ponoʻī ʻana me nā kuhikuhi i nā luna hoʻomalu a me ka noʻonoʻo. I nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola, ua haʻi ʻo Zoshchenko i ka poʻe āpau i kona hoʻōla ʻana i kāna maʻi noʻonoʻo iā ia iho, a ma mua koke o kona make ʻana, ua kono ʻia ʻo ia i ka ʻaina awakea, ua kaena aʻe ua hiki iā ia ke lawe i nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi.
4. No kekahi manawa ua hana ʻo Zoshchenko ma ke ʻano he kumu aʻo i ka hana hānau lāpaki a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka moa ma ka mahiʻai mokuʻāina ʻo Mankovo kokoke i Smolensk. Eia nō naʻe, ke holo nei ka hoʻoilo o 1918/1919, no ka pono o ka ration loaʻa nā poʻe i nā hana a ʻaʻole no ia mau kūlana.
5. I ka makahiki 1919, ua komo ʻo Mikhail i loko o ka Literature Studio, kahi i alakaʻi ʻia ai kāna kumu aʻo ʻo K Chr Chukovsky Wahi a ka papahana, ua hoʻomaka nā papa me nā loiloi koʻikoʻi. I kahi papa pōkole, ua hana ʻo Zoshchenko i mau mea pōkole i nā inoa o nā mea kākau a me nā poʻo inoa o nā hana. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo V. Mayakovsky "ka poeta o ka manawa pau ʻole", A. Blok - "naita naʻau", a me nā hana a Z. Gippius - "poems of timelessness". Kāhea ʻo ia iā Lilya Brik lāua ʻo Chukovsky "Kauka lāʻau kākau puke".
"Kauka lāʻau lapaʻau moʻokalaleo" Kival Chukovsky
6. Ma ka lumi puke moʻokalaleo, ua aʻo ʻo Zoshchenko me Vladimir Pozner Sr., ka makuakāne o ka mea kākau nūpepa kīwī kaulana. ʻAʻole nō ʻo 15 ka makahiki ʻo Pozner i kēlā manawa, akā e like me nā hoʻomanaʻo o nā "haumāna" (e like me kā Chukovsky i kapa ai iā lākou), ʻo ia ka ʻuhane o ka ʻoihana a he mea kākau kākau mākaukau loa.
7. ʻO ke ʻano kemokalaka nā loina ma ka Studio. I ka manawa a Chukovsky i noi aku ai i kāna mau papa e kākau i nā moʻolelo ma ka mele a Nadson, ua lawe ʻo Zoshchenko iā ia i kahi parody o nā ʻatikala a nā kumu. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Chukovsky i ka pau ʻana o ka hana, ʻoiai ua hala ʻo Zoshchenko i kahi kākau.
8. Ua manawaleʻa ʻo Zoshchenko no ke Kaua Honua Mua. Ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai ke kula o nā luna palapala hopu, ma mua, ua loaʻa koke iā ia kahi hui ma lalo o ke alakaʻi, a laila kahi bataliona. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ʻehā mau manawa. I ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua, ua gassed ʻo Zoshchenko. Ua hoʻopili kēia lāʻau make i ka hana o ka puʻuwai.
9. Ma hope o ke Kauoha Kaulana No 1 o ke Aupuni Kuikawa, ua koho ʻia nā kūlana a pau i ka pūʻali koa. Ua koho ʻia nā koa iā Kāpena Zoshchenko ... he kauka regimental - ua lana ko lākou manaʻo e hāʻawi aku ke kāpena limahana iā lākou i mau palapala hōʻoia no ka haʻalele maʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i helu hewa nā koa.
10. ʻO nā moʻolelo hoʻomākeʻaka i heluhelu ʻia e Zoshchenko i ka House of Arts, kahi i neʻe ai ka Studio, kahi kūleʻa nui loa. I ka lā aʻe, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā moʻolelo i loko o nā ʻōlelo puʻukani, a ma ka hale a pau o ka Hale Hoʻolaha ua lohe wale lākou e pili ana i ka "hoʻohaunaele i nā haunaele", "hoʻololi", "palule maikaʻi" a me ka huaʻōlelo āpau "NN - auwē, akā he keiki kāne ʻole!
11. I ka wā o ka kikokiko ʻana a me ka paʻi ʻana o ka puke mua a Zoshchenko, "The Tales of Nazar Ilyich o Mr. Sinebryukhov," ʻakaʻaka loa ka poʻe hana typographic ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka puke i loko o nā poʻi o ka puke a K. Derzhavin "Treatises on the Tragic." 
12. Ma waena o nā mea kākau i nā makahiki 1920, he mea maʻalahi ke hui pū i loko o nā pōʻai, nā kaiāulu, a me nā mea like. ʻO Mikhail Zoshchenko kahi lālā o ka pōʻai Serapion Brothers me Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov a me nā mea kākau kaulana e hiki mai ana.
13. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kūlana waiwai i ka USSR e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻomaka hou ka paʻi puke ʻana, ua lilo ʻo Zoshchenko i mea kākau kaulana loa. Alualu nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā hale paʻi iā ia, nā puke paʻi ʻia i kūʻai koke ʻia aku. I ka makahiki 1929, ua paʻi ʻia kāna mau hana i hōʻiliʻili mua ʻia.
14. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Zoshchenko iā ia ke ʻike ka poʻe pā iā ia ma ke alanui a hoʻopilikia iā ia me nā nīnau. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau ua kala ʻo ia iā ia iho me he mea lā ua like ʻo ia me ka mea kākau ʻo Zoshchenko, akā ʻokoʻa kona inoa hope. Ua leʻaleʻa ka kaulana o Zoshchenko e nā "keiki a Lieutenant Schmidt" - nā poʻe e posing ana iā ia. Ua hiki ke kāpae maʻalahi i nā mākaʻi, akā i kekahi lā ua hoʻomaka ʻo Zoshchenko e loaʻa nā leka mai kahi mea hana keaka mokuʻāina, a ua manaʻo ʻia ua pili ʻo ia i ka wā o ka holo moana ma Volga. ʻO kekahi mau leka, kahi i hōʻoia ai ka mea kākau i ka mea mele o ka hoʻopunipuni, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi i kēia kūlana. Pono wau e hoʻouna i ka lede wahine i kiʻi.
15. Nā pono o ke au: ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea hoʻolimalima ʻē aʻe i loko o ka lumi o Zoshchenko - ua loaʻa nā koena mika keu i ka mea kākau, ka mea i ʻoluʻolu i ka mahalo ʻia a puni ka Union. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ZHAKT (ka analogue o ka ZhEK) ma hope o A. Gorky, a ʻo ka mea kākau nui, ka mea e noho ana ma ka moku ʻo Capri, makemake nui i nā hana a Zoshchenko. Ua kākau ʻo ia i kahi leka i ka "Petrel of the Revolution". Ua kākau ʻo Gorky i kahi leka iā ZhAKT, a mahalo ʻo ia no ka hāʻawi ʻana i kona inoa i ka hui a noi aku ʻaʻole e hoʻokaumaha i ka mea kākau kaulana e noho nei i ka hale. Ua hoʻi nā mea hoʻolimalima i hoʻoneʻe i ka home i ka lā i loaʻa ai iā ZhAKT kahi leka mai Gorky.
16. ʻO ka wahine a M. Zoshchenko, ʻo Vera, ke kaikamahine a kahi luna tsarist, a ma 1924 ua "hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia" ʻo ia mai ke kulanui, ʻoiai ua male ʻo ia i ke kāpena limahana o ka pūʻali koa tsarist i kona wā i komo ai i ke kula nui. ʻO kahi wīwī lahilahi, kamaʻilio, huhū i kāhea aku i kāna kāne ma mua o "Mikhail".
17. I ka makahiki 1929 ka Leningrad "Evening Krasnaya Gazeta" i mālama ʻia i kahi ana, e ake ana e ʻike ʻo wai ka mea i aloha nui ʻia a kaulana ʻia ma ke kūlanakauhale. Ua lanakila ʻo Zoshchenko.
18. Me ke kū ʻana o ka kaulana moʻokalaleo a me nā mōʻī, ua neʻe ka ʻohana Zoshchenko i kahi keʻena nui a hoʻolako iā ia e like me ka loaʻa kālā. ʻO ka mea kākau ʻo Viktor Shklovsky, i kona hele ʻana mai e kipa iā Zoshchenko, ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā lako hale kahiko, nā kiʻi pena, nā kiʻi porcelain a me kahi ficus, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "Pālama!" a ua ʻōlelo hou ua kū like ke kūlana like i loko o nā hale o nā petiburie liilii, i hahau aloha ʻole ʻia e Zoshchenko. Hilahila loa ka mea kākau a me kāna wahine.
19. E pili ana i ka kaulana o Zoshchenko, ʻōlelo nā laina o Mayakovsky: "A ua huki ʻia i kona mau maka / He aha ke ʻano o Zoshchenko e male nei."
20. I ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, nānā ʻo Zoshchenko i ka luhi a kaumaha hoʻi. ʻAʻole loa ʻo ia i hoʻomākeʻaka a kamaʻilio pū e pili ana i nā mea hoʻomākeʻaka. Ua makemake ʻo Poet Mikhail Koltsov e hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻākoakoa ma ka home me nā mea kākau hoʻomākeʻaka, akā ʻo lākou pū kekahi he mea paʻakikī ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi huaʻōlelo mai Zoshchenko aku. Ma hope o kekahi o kēia mau hālāwai, i loko o kahi album kūikawā a Koltsov i mālama ai i mea e kākau ai nā mea hoʻomakee i kā lākou mau momi i kūleʻa loa, aia kahi palapala i kākau ʻia e ka lima o Zoshchenko: “ʻO wau nō. Hāmau ʻo ia no 4 mau hola. Ua hala ".
21. Hana ʻo Mikhail Zoshchenko, e like me nā mea hoʻomākeʻaka hou, me nā ʻahamele. Ma ke ʻano, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia iā Semyon Altov - ua heluhelu ʻo ia i nā moʻolelo me ka ʻole o ka leo nui.
22. Na Mikhail Zoshchenko i unuhi mai ka puke moʻolelo Finnish Maya Lassila "Ma hope o nā pili", i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa ma ka USSR.
23. I ka wā o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Mikhail Zoshchenko e hana manawaleʻa no ka mua, akā ua hōʻole ʻia no nā kumu olakino. Ma ke kauoha, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo ia mai ka ālai ʻana iā Leningrad a hiki iā ʻAlamā-Ata. I ka makahiki 1943 ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Moscow, hana no ka makasina ʻo Krokodil a kākau i nā hana keaka.
24. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hoʻomaʻau kūʻē iā M. Zoshchenko lāua ʻo A. Akhmatova i ka 1946 ma hope o ka ʻAukake Decree ma nā makasina ʻo Zvezda lāua ʻo Leningrad i mahalo ʻole i nā luna Soviet. ʻAʻole ia he mea o ka hoʻopiʻi kīnā ʻole - nā mea kākau ponoʻī i ʻae iā lākou iho ʻaʻole pēlā. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo Zoshchenko no ka hūnā ʻana ma hope i ka wā o ke kaua a me ke kākau ʻana i nā libels ma Soviet reality, ʻoiai ua ʻike nui ʻia ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia mai Leningrad ma o ke kauoha, a ʻo ka moʻolelo "The Adventures of a Monkey", kahi āna i ʻōlelo ai ua hōʻino i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo Soviet, ua kākau ʻia no. keiki. I nā apparatchiks i ke kaua kūʻē i ka hui Leningrad Party, ua kūlike kēlā me kēia bast i ka laina, a ua lilo ʻo Akhmatova lāua ʻo Zoshchenko e like me nā hua one i hopu ʻia ma waena o nā pale o kahi ʻano nui. No Mikhail Zoshchenko, ka hoʻomāinoino a me ka hoʻokuke maoli ʻana mai nā puke i like me ke kī ʻana i ka luakini. Ma hope o ka Hoʻoholo, ua ola ʻo ia no 12 mau makahiki hou aku, akā he mau makahiki kēia o ka luku maluhia. Ua lilo koke ke aloha aupuni i poina i ka lāhui. ʻO nā hoaaloha pili wale nō ʻaʻole i haʻalele i ka mea kākau.
25. He mau mahina ʻelua ma mua o ka make ʻana o Zoshchenko, ua hoʻolauna aku ʻo Chukovsky iā ia i kekahi mea kākau ʻōpio. ʻO kā Mikhail Mikhailovich mau ʻōlelo hoʻokaʻawale i kāna hoapili ʻōpio penei:
