ʻO Altamira Cave kahi hōʻiliʻili kū hoʻokahi o nā kiʻi pena pōhaku mai ka wā ʻo Paleolithic Lā, mai ka makahiki 1985 i ʻike ʻia ai he UNESCO World Heritage Site. ʻAʻole like me nā ana ʻē aʻe ma Cantabria, i ʻike ʻia no ko lākou nani o ka honua, ʻume ʻo Altamira i nā mea aloha i ka archeology a me ke kiʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kipa i kēia wahi i ka papahana moʻomeheu koi o nā ala mākaʻikaʻi, kūʻokoʻa a hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā ʻoihana.
ʻIke o ke ana o Altamira a me kāna mau kiʻi pena
ʻO Altamira kahi moʻo o nā alahaka pālua a me nā keʻena me ka lōʻihi o 270 m, ʻo ka mea nui o lākou (ʻo Big Plafond ka inoa) noho i kahi o 100 m.2... ʻAneʻane uhi ʻia nā waihona i nā hōʻailona, nā kaha lima a me nā kaha kiʻi o nā holoholona hihiu: bison, lio, boars hihiu.
ʻO kēia mau mural he polychrome, e hoʻohana ana i nā kala maoli no ka noi ʻana: lanahu, ʻoka, manganese, hematite a me nā hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā pā kaolin. Manaʻo ʻia mai 2 a 5 mau kenekulia i hala ma waena o ka hana mua a me ka hope.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea noiʻi a me nā mea kipa a pau i Altamira e ka mōakāka o nā laina a me nā kūlike. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kaha kiʻi i hana ʻia i hoʻokahi hahau a hōʻike i ka neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona. ʻAʻohe kiʻi kūmau, ʻo ka hapanui o lākou he ʻekolu dimensional ma muli o ko lākou wahi ma nā ʻāpana pili o ke ana. ʻIke ʻia ke hoʻomālamalama ke ahi a i ʻole ke kukui uila, hoʻomaka nā kiʻi e ʻoniʻoni i ka ʻike, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka nui, ʻaʻole lākou i haʻahaʻa i nā kiʻi a nā Impressionist.
Loaʻa a ʻike ʻia
ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka loaʻa, ʻeli, paʻi a me ka ʻae ʻia e ka honua ʻepekema o ka ʻike e pili ana i nā kiʻi pōhaku he mea nui loa. Ua ʻike ʻia ke ana ʻo Altamira ma 1879 e nā mea nona ka ʻāina - ʻo Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola me kāna kaikamahine, ʻo ia ka mea nāna i huki i ka manaʻo o kona makuakāne i nā kiʻi o nā bipi kauō ma nā waihona.
ʻO Southwola kahi loea archaeologist amatir nāna i hoʻopaʻa i ka loaʻa i ka Pōhaku Manaʻo a ʻimi i ke kōkua mai ke kaiāulu ʻepekema no kahi ʻike pololei aʻe. ʻO ka mea wale nō i pane mai ka ʻepekema Madrid ʻo Juan Vilanova y Pierre, nāna i paʻi nā hopena o ka noiʻi ma 1880.
ʻO ka pōʻino o ke kūlana i ke kūlana kūpono a me ka nani o nā kiʻi. ʻO Altamira ka mua o nā ana i loaʻa me nā kiʻi pōhaku i mālama ʻia, ʻaʻole mākaukau nā ʻepekema e hoʻololi i ke kiʻi o ko lākou honua a ʻike i ka hiki i ka poʻe kahiko ke hana i nā pena pena akamai. Ma kahi ʻaha kūkā prehistoric ma Lisbon, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo Soutoulou no ka uhi ʻana i nā paia o ke ana me nā kaha kiʻi hoʻopunipuni i hana ʻia, a ua noho pū ka stigma a ka mea hoʻopunipuni me ia a hiki i kona make ʻana.
Paipai mākou e nānā i ka ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i ka meteorite ʻo Tunguska.
ʻIke ʻia i 1895, ua waiho ʻole ʻia nā ana like ma Palani no kahi manawa lōʻihi, i ka makahiki 1902 wale nō i ʻeli hou ʻia ma Altamira i hiki ke hōʻoia i ka manawa o ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā kiʻi pena - ʻo ka Paleolithic luna, a ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka ʻohana Soutuola ma ke ʻano he mea ʻike i ka hana no kēia au. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā kiʻi e nā noiʻi radiological, ʻo kā lākou makahiki i manaʻo ʻia he 16,500 mau makahiki.
Koho e kipa iā Altamira Cave
Aia ʻo Altamira ma Sepania: 5 km mai Santillana del Mar, kaulana no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ke kaila Gothic, a 30 km mai Santadera, ke kikowaena hoʻomalu o Cantabria. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e hiki aku ai i laila ma kahi kaʻa hoʻolimalima. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā mākaʻikaʻi maʻamau i ke ana ponoʻī; ʻo ka lālani o nā malihini kipa i loaʻa i kahi palapala kūikawā ua piha no nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Akā, ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke ana kaulana Lascaux, i ka makahiki 2001 i wehe ʻia kahi hale hōʻikeʻike me kahi hōʻike kūpono hou o ka Great Plafond a me nā alaloa e pili ana. Hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi a me nā kope o nā mural mai ke ana ʻo Altamira i nā hale hōʻikeʻike ma Munich a me Iapana, kahi diorama nui - ma Madrid.
