Ma ke kai komohana hema o Crimea, holoi ʻia e nā nalu o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, piʻi aʻe ka Tauric Chersonesos kahiko, kahi e kū ai ke kipa me ka moʻolelo 25-kenekulia o ke kūlanakauhale nui. ʻOiai nā wahi i wāwahi ʻia o kēia Helene kahiko, Roman kahiko, ʻo Byzantine polis ke kuhikuhi nei me kā lākou kumu.
Nā mea huna o Tauric Chersonesos
Aia ʻo Modern Chersonesos ma ke kahua o kahi kūlanakauhale kahiko i kanu ʻia a nalowale ma lalo o kahi papa o ka honua. Ma ka ʻōlelo Helene, ʻo ia ka "penikala Taurus", nā ʻohana hakakā i noho ai ma aneʻi. ʻO ka poʻe i noho mua i ka Heracles Cape nā Helene. Ua hoʻonui a hoʻonui ʻia ke kolone; a laila, ma o ka diplomacy, nā kaua o ka naʻi aupuni, ua kūleʻa ʻo ia a loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi. He hōʻike ʻo Chersonesus Tauride i ka mōʻaukala o ʻekolu mau mana nui, ʻo ia kekahi:
- ka lāhui kahiko o nā Helene, ʻo Hellas;
- Roma ikaika;
- Christian Byzantium.
Ma lalo o ke aupuni Helene, ua hui pū ʻia ke aupuni demokalaka me nā kumu paʻa o nā kauā. ʻO kahi mākaʻi ikaika o ka hoʻokele waiwai, ma lalo o ka malu o ka Supreme Artemis, i komo i nā hoʻolauleʻa, nā ʻahaʻaina, a me nā hoʻokūkū haʻuki. ʻO ka mea kākau moʻolelo Sirisk (III kenekulia BC) i hōʻuluʻulu i ka wehewehe o Chersonesos, ke kulekele ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke aupuni Bosporus a me nā kolone o ka moku ʻEleʻele. Kuhi ʻia ka wā Bosporus no ka repubalika e ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai, kaohi ʻana i nā kūʻokoʻa kemokalaka.
ʻO nā makahiki haneli i hala BC e ua ʻike ʻia ke kūlanakauhale kahiko ma ke ʻano he puna wai no ka Emepaea Roma. Ke holo nei nā hana hōʻeuʻeu i nā ʻāina a puni. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kulekele o nā luna i ke kumu o oligarchy.
Kaha ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi au hou e ka hoʻokomo haʻahaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano ma lalo o ka mana o Byzantium. Ma hope o 4 mau kenekulia, ua ʻike ʻia kēia aʻo ʻana. I ka wā o ke kau waena, lilo ka polis i kapikala o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano, i piha me nā hale mōneka, nā hale pule, nā hermitages, nā wahi noho ma lalo o ka honua. ʻO ka Citadel, ʻelua mau laina o nā paia pale i pale i ka poʻe noho mai ka hoʻouka kaua a ka ʻenemi. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 14, ua luku nā Tatar nomads i ke kūlanakauhale, a ua hoʻopiha ʻia kona mau koena i ka lehu a me ka honua.
Ma hope (kenekulia XVIII), ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Sevastopol kokoke i kahi o ka polis polis i nalo. I ka makahiki 1827, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻimi noiʻi archaeological mua. ʻO nā hopena i hōʻike lohi ʻia i ka honua i hana hou i nā hale noho kahiko, nā square, nā alanui a me nā hale pule.
Ma ke kumu o ka ʻeli ʻana ma 1892, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻArcheological, ʻo 126 mau makahiki. Hoʻomau ka ʻeli ʻana a hiki i kēia lā. Mālama ka honua i nā mea huna a me nā hōʻike o ka wā kahiko. Ke hōʻike nei nā ʻepekema mai nā ʻāina ʻē i ka hoihoi i ka noiʻi. Hoʻohālikelike nā mea kahiko i nā Tauric Chersonesos ma ke ʻano he moʻomeheu hoʻomohala, politika, hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻĀina ʻEleʻele.
Ua wehe ʻia nā hale hōʻikeʻike o nā mea hana lima, ka mint, a me kahi akopoli i nā maka o ka wā o kēia wā. ʻO ka hale keaka, hoʻopau i nā basilicas, ua kūkulu hou ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā pā paʻa. Hōʻike nā hōʻikeʻike i nā wahi ākea i ke ola o nā kaona. Ua loaʻa i nā archeologists o ka wai o lalo ka amphorae, nā ʻāpana o nā moku piholo, nā uapo, nā hale pili kai, nā heleuma kēpau ma lalo o ke kai. Hōʻike ʻia nā mea waiwai nui i ka Herm Herm o St. Petersburg.
ʻO ka panalāʻau o Chersonesos ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka Moku'āina a me Archaeological State Museum-Reserve. Ua helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he UNESCO Heritage Heritage Site, akā mai ka manawa o 2014, ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia kona kūpaʻa.
ʻIke, ʻike hoihoi
Pili nā hanana hoihoi, nā ʻāpana o "nā mea nui" iā Chersonesos Tauride:
- Ua kipa ʻia kēia mau wahi e ka Mō'ī wahine Helene ʻo Olga Konstantinovna, ka moʻopuna a Nicholas I, ke Keiki Helene George.
- I ka makahiki 988, ua bapetizo ʻia ke keiki aliʻi o Kiev Vladimir.
- Ua hoʻouna aku ke aupuni politika o Constantinople i ka mea hilahila iā Pope Clement I a me Martin I, Emperor Justinian II, a me kāna hoa paio ʻo F. Vardan.
- ʻO Catherine II, kahi mea aloha i ka moʻomeheu Helene, e kau inoa ana i kahi palapala hoʻoholo no ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale ma ka Dnieper, hāʻawi iā ia i ka inoa ʻo Kherson no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i nā inoa kahiko. ʻO kēia ka manawa o ka Crimean Khanate.
- ʻO Tsars Alexander II me ke tsarina, ʻo Alexander III a me ka mōʻī hope loa ʻo Nicholas II i komo i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka mōneka.
- Hōʻike ʻia ka Bell kaulana i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e pili ana i nā huakaʻi o Pinocchio, kahi i hōʻea ai nā huapalapala i ke Kahua o Miracles. Hōʻike ʻia i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Spetsnaz", "Make i nā Kiu", "Aloha ma ka Mokupuni o ka Make".
- ʻO Chersonesus Tauric wale nō ke kolone ʻo Dorian ma ka peninsula, kahi kūlanakauhale kahiko kahi i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia ai ke ola a hiki i ke kenekulia XIV.
He aha ka mea e hoʻohihi ai i ka mālama?
ʻO nā mea hoʻomanaʻo moʻomeheu a me nā epochal kū hoʻokahi e pīhoihoi i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe kipa, hōʻike ʻo Tauric Chersonesos i ka honua pohihihi o ka wā kahiko. ʻO nā mea hoihoi nui o ka paʻakikī:
ʻO Agora - ka square ma kahi i hoʻoholo ʻia ai nā hopena
Aia ia ma waenakonu, ma ke alanui nui, kūkulu ʻia ma ka 5 kenekulia BC. e Ua hoʻonā nā kamaʻāina i nā pilikia nui o ke ola o nā lā a pau ma aneʻi. Maanei lākou i hoʻomana ai i nā kiʻi o nā akua, kipa i nā heiau, nā kuahu. Me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano, ua kūkulu ʻia he 7 mau hale pule ma ka agora. Ma hope mai, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale pule ma aneʻi no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana iā Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich.
Hale Keaka
ʻO ka hale keaka kahiko wale nō ma Rūsia. Ma aneʻi, nā hana kala no 3 tausani mau kānaka, nā lā nui, nā ʻoliʻoli, nā hālāwai o nā kamaʻāina i mālama ʻia. Kūkulu ʻia ia ma ka huina o ka 3 a me ka ʻehā mau kenekulia BC. e I ke au o Roma, ua mālama ʻia nā hakakā gladiator ma ka hale keaka. ʻO nā hale keaka kahiko he mau keʻena he 12, he paepae no ka hoʻokani a me ka hulahula ʻana, a me kahi paepae.
Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano, ua hoʻōki ʻia nā hanana leʻaleʻa a me nā hana leʻaleʻa, a hiolo liʻuliʻu ka hale keaka, a kūkulu ʻia he 2 mau hale pule Kalikiano ma kona wahi. Ua ola nā koena o kekahi - ka "Luakini me ka pahu."
ʻO Basilica i ka Basilica
ʻO ka luakini Medieval i loko o ʻelua mau basilicas. He mea hoihoi ua kūkulu ʻia ka lua o ka luakini ma nā wahi o nā mea mua. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka basilicas waho a me loko e nā hana a nā archaeologists. I ka makahiki 2007, ua hōʻino nā poʻe komo hewa i nā kolamu marble me ke kālai ʻana i nā keʻa a me ka papa mosaic.
Hale kiaʻi o ka Byzantine Emperor Zeno
He kūkulu ikaika kēia o ka pale hema hema o ke kūlanakauhale, kahi mea i mālama pono ʻia. Uhi ka hale kiaʻi i ke ala, hele i nā hahau o ka pūʻali koa ʻenemi, he waiwai pale, ua hoʻopau pinepine a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia. Ma ka 10 mau kenekulia, 9 m kona kiʻekiʻe, ua hōʻea ke anawaena i 23 m.
Misty bele
Ma Quarantine Bay, he bele hoʻohanohano, i hana ʻia mai nā pū Tureke i hopu ʻia, e kau ana ma waena o nā kia ʻelua. I manaʻo mua ʻia no ka Sevastopol Church of St. Nicholas. ʻO nā haipule ʻo Nicholas lāua ʻo Foka i hōʻike ʻia ma luna o laila e hoʻokele i nā luina. I ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Crimean, ua lawe ʻia ka hōʻike i Palani, iā Paris Notre Dame. I ka 1913 ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia i kona wahi, hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kukuna hōʻailona. Ke kāhea nei nā mea kipa iā ia, e hana ana i nā makemake a me nā kiʻi ʻana no ka hoʻomanaʻo. ʻO "The Bell of Wishes" kahi wahi hoʻomaha no nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi.
Hale Pule Nui ʻo Vladimirsky
ʻO ka luakini hanohano Orthodox, e hana ana mai ka makahiki 1992. Kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1861 ma kahi a ke kamāliʻikāne Kiev i ʻōlelo ʻia i loaʻa ai ka ʻano o ka bapetizo ʻana. I ka papa lalo o ka luakini aia ka Church of the Holy Mother of God, i ka papa kiʻekiʻe - Alexander Nevsky lāua ʻo Vladimir.
Ma nā panalāʻau o Tauric Chersonesos e luku ʻia nā mea o ke kūlanakauhale - kahi smithy, hale dute, hale inu waina, hale ʻauʻau. A ʻo kahi hale noho, kahi hale paʻa, kahi wai ʻauʻau, kahi hale kai a me nā hale ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā wā like ʻole. Ma waho aʻe o nā wahi neoneo kahiko, nā hōʻike o ka mālama e komo pū me ka pā kaua medieval Kalamita ma kahi o Sevastopol.
Hoʻomaopopo i ka mea kipa
Ma hea ia: Ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Sevastopol, ke alanui Drevnyaya, 1.
Nā hola hana: i ka wā mahana (mai ka hopena o Mei a Sepatemaba) 2018 - mai 7 a 20 mau hola me ka hala ʻole o nā lā, i ka hoʻoilo - mai 8:30 a 17:30. Komo ke komo ʻana i ka ʻāina i ka hapalua hola ma mua o ka pani ʻana. Manuahi ka puka. Ua wehe nā hale hōʻikeʻike mai 9 a 18 mau hola.
Pehea e hiki ai i laila: He mea maʻalahi ke kalaiwa i kāu kaʻa ponoʻī i Tavrida ma ke alahaka Crimean. Ke hele nei ma ke kaʻaahi, e kiʻi iā Simferopol. Mai aneʻi, e lawe i kahi kaʻa i Sevastopol, kahi e holo ai nā minibus mai ke kahua kaʻa kaʻa i kahi mālama. Mai ke kūlanakauhale, e lawe ʻoe i ke kaʻa №22-A a hiki i ke kū ʻana ʻo "Chersonesos Tavricheskiy".
Kono ka wā kahiko i ka poʻe hoihoi
ʻO kahi huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi hoihoi me kahi alakaʻi he helehelena archaeological hoihoi i waena o ka wā kahiko hina. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai likiki no nā mākua he 300 rubles, no nā keiki, nā haumāna, nā mea kōkua - 150 rubles.
Paipai mākou e nānā i nā kūlanakauhale ʻuhane o Rūsia.
Lawe ʻia ka loiloi ma kahi o 1.5-2 mau hola. ʻO nā wahi neoneo o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko, nā mea i mālama ʻia o ka hoʻolauna kahiko e pili pū ana me nā hale hou. Makemake kahi mākaʻikaʻi e noho ma ke kai, hoʻolohe i ke kani ʻana o ka bele, kiʻi i nā kiʻi kūʻē i ke kumu o ka wā kahiko, no kekahi manawa e hōʻike ana iā ia iho me he lohi, haʻaheo ʻo Hellen.
ʻAʻohe mea e pale iā ʻoe mai ka nānā ʻana i nā Tauric Chersonesos laʻa iā ʻoe iho. Ma ka puka komo kahi kiʻikuhi e hōʻike ana i nā wahi o nā mea. ʻO ke kamaʻāina me nā hōʻike o ke kau kahiko kahi koho maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka manawa leʻaleʻa. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻāina me nā noho aliʻi, nā moena pua, nā lua, nā hana palekana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi meaʻai māmā i ka cafe. ʻAe ʻia ka excursionist e hana i nā ʻeli ʻana, loaʻa nā mākau o ka archaeologist. E hoʻonui ʻo Chersonesos Tauride i ka mea mākaʻikaʻi me ka ʻike hou, nā manaʻo, aia kekahi mea e pūʻiwa ai, mahalo a pūʻiwa ai hoʻi.
