ʻO Jacques-Yves Cousteau, ʻike ʻia ʻo Kāpena Cousteau (1910-1997) - Palani mākaʻikaʻi o ka Honua Honua, mea paʻi kiʻi, alakaʻi, mea haku, mea kākau o nā puke a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni he nui. He lālā ʻo ia no ka Academy French. Alihikaua o ka Legiona hanohano. Me Emil Ganyan i 1943, ua haku ʻo ia i nā kapa scuba.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Cousteau, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Jacques-Yves Cousteau.
Ka moʻolelo o Cousteau
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Jacques-Yves Cousteau ma Iune 11, 1910 ma ke kūlanakauhale Palani ʻo Bordeaux. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi loio waiwai ʻo Daniel Cousteau a me kāna wahine ʻo Elizabeth.
Ma ke ala, ʻo ka makuakāne o ka mea noiʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana ʻo ia ke kauka hope loa o ke kānāwai ma ka ʻāina. Ma waho o Jacques-Yves, ua hānau ʻia ke keikikāne ʻo Pierre-Antoine i ka ʻohana Cousteau.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I ko lākou manawa kaʻawale, makemake ka ʻohana Cousteau e huakaʻi i ka honua. I ka wā kamaliʻi, ua hoihoi ʻo Jacques-Yves i ka mea wai. I kona mau makahiki he 7 paha, ua hāʻawi nā kauka iā ia i kahi hōʻailona hōʻeha - enteritis maʻi, ma muli o ka hopena o ke keikikāne ua wīwī no ke ola.
Ua hoʻolaha aku nā kauka i nā mākua ma muli o kona maʻi, ʻaʻole pono ʻo Jacques-Yves e noho kaumaha. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Mua (1914-1918), ua noho ka ʻohana no kekahi manawa ma NūIoka.
I loko o kēlā wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua hoʻomaka ke keiki e hoihoi i ka mīkini a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana, a ʻo ia pū kekahi me kona kaikaina, ua piholo i lalo o ka wai no ka manawa mua o kona ola. I ka 1922 hoʻi ka ʻohana Cousteau i Palani. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi kahi keiki 13 makahiki ma aneʻi i hoʻolālā kūʻokoʻa i kahi kaʻa uila.
Ma hope, ua hiki iā ia ke kūʻai i kīwī kīwī me nā mālama mālama mālama ʻia, me ia i paʻi ʻia ai nā hanana like ʻole. Ma muli o kona hoihoi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Jacques-Yves i ka manawa liʻiliʻi i ke kula, a ma muli o kāna hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua hoʻoholo nā mākua e hoʻouna i kā lāua keiki kāne i kahi kula hānai kūikawā. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ua hiki i ke kanaka ʻōpio ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana aʻo no laila ua puka ʻo ia mai ke kula hānai me nā māka kiʻekiʻe loa i nā aʻo āpau.
I ka makahiki 1930, ua komo ʻo Jacques-Yves Cousteau i ka Naval Academy. He mea hoihoi ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka hui ʻo ia ka mea mua e huakaʻi a puni ka honua. I kekahi lā ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā aniani luʻu scuba i loko o kahi hale kūʻai, a ua hoʻoholo koke ʻo ia e kūʻai.
I ka luʻu ʻana me nā aniani, ua hoʻomaopopo koke ʻo Jacques-Yves nona iho, mai kēlā manawa i kona ola e hoʻopili wale ʻia me ka honua o ka wai.
ʻImi kai
I nā makahiki mua o 50 o ke kenekulia i hala, hoʻolimalima ʻo Cousteau i ka minesweeper minesweeper ʻo Calypso. Ma kēia moku, ua hoʻolālā ʻo ia e alakaʻi i kekahi o nā haʻawina kaiana. Ua hāʻule ka kaulana o ka honua ma luna o ka ʻepekema ʻepekema ma 1953 ma hope o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka puke "In the world of silent".
Ma hope koke iho, ma muli o kēia hana, ua kī ʻia kahi kiʻi ʻepekema o ka inoa like, a ua lanakila ka Oscar a me ka Golden Palm ma 1956.
Ma 1957, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Jacques-Yves Cousteau i ka hoʻokele o ka Oceanographic Museum ma Monaco. Ma hope mai, ua paʻi ʻia nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e like me "The Golden Fish" a me "The World without the Sun," kahi mea e hauʻoli ai me ka poʻe hoʻolohe.
I ka hapa lua o ke 60, ua hoʻomaka ka hōʻike ʻana o ka moʻo kaulana "The Underwater Odyssey o ka Hui Cousteau", i hoʻolaha ʻia i nā ʻāina he nui i nā makahiki he 20 e hiki mai ana. I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ma kahi o 50 mau ʻāpana i kī ʻia, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no nā holoholona kai, ka ulu lāʻau koʻa, nā kino nui o ka wai ma ka honua, nā moku pohō a me nā ʻano pohihihi like ʻole o ke kūlohelohe.
I nā makahiki 70, ua huakaʻi ʻo Jacques-Yves me kahi huakaʻi i Antarctica. Ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻehā e haʻi e pili ana i ke ola a me ka honua. Ma kahi o ka manawa like, hoʻokumu ka mea noiʻi i ka Hui Cousteau no ka mālama ʻana i ke kai kai.
Ma waho o "The Underwater Odyssey", ua kī ʻo Cousteau i nā moʻo ʻepekema hou aʻe, e like me "Oasis in Space", "Adventures in St. America", "Amazon" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua kūleʻa nui kēia mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻAe lākou i ka poʻe no ka manawa mua i nā kikoʻī āpau e ʻike i ke aupuni o ka wai me kāna poʻe kai. Nānā nā mākaʻi i ka ʻauʻau kai scuba wiwo ʻole e ʻauʻau ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka manō a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻohewa pinepine ʻia ʻo Jacques-Yves no ka pseudos Scientific a loko ʻino hoʻi i ka iʻa.
Wahi a kekahi hoa o Kāpena Cousteau, ʻo Wolfgang Auer, ua pepehi hoʻomāinoino ʻia ka iʻa i hiki i nā mea hana ke kī i nā mea maikaʻi.
ʻIke ʻia kekahi moʻolelo kupaianaha o ka poʻe e waiho ana i ka bathyscaphe i loko o kahi lewa lewa i hana ʻia i loko o kahi ana hohonu. ʻLelo ka poʻe loea i loko o kēlā mau ana, ʻaʻole hanu ka lewa aniani. Eia nō naʻe, ʻōlelo ka hapanui o ka poʻe loea i ka Farani ma ke ʻano he ipo kūlohelohe.
Nā hana hou
I ka mua, ua luʻu ʻo Kāpena Cousteau ma lalo o ka wai me ka hoʻohana wale ʻana i kahi mask a me kahi snorkel, akā ʻaʻole ia mau mea e ʻae iā ia e mākaʻikaʻi piha i ke aupuni o ka wai.
I ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki 30, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Jacques-Yves, me Emile Gagnan like, i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kapa scuba i ʻae i ka hanu ʻana i nā hohonu hohonu. I waenakonu o ke Kaua Honua II (1939-1945), kūkulu lākou i ka hāmeʻa hanu kai mua mua maikaʻi.
Ma hope, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kapa scuba, ua iho maikaʻi ʻo Cousteau i kahi hohonu o 60 m! ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka 2014 ka ʻAigupita Ahmed Gabr i hoʻonohonoho i ka moʻolelo o ka honua no ka luʻu ʻana i kahi hohonu o 332 mau mika!
Mahalo ia i nā hana a Cousteau a me Gagnan i kēia lā hiki i nā miliona o ka poʻe ke hele e luʻu, e ʻimi ana i ka hohonu o ke kai. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ua hana ka Palani i kahi kamera kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻole a me nā pono uila, a kūkulu pū i ka ʻōnaehana kīwī mua e ʻae ai i ke kī ʻana i ka hohonu.
ʻO Jacques-Yves Cousteau ke kumu o ke kumumanaʻo e like me ka mea i loaʻa i nā porpoises kahi echolocation, kahi mea e kōkua iā lākou e ʻike i ke ala pololei loa i nā wahi lōʻihi. Ma hope, ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia kumumanaʻo e ka ʻepekema.
Mahalo i kāna mau puke ʻepekema kaulana a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, ua lilo ʻo Cousteau i hoʻokumu i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo divulgationism - kahi ʻano o ka kamaʻilio ʻepekema, kahi hoʻololi o nā manaʻo ma waena o ka poʻe loea a me kahi poʻe hoihoi o ka poʻe maʻamau. I kēia manawa ua kūkulu ʻia nā papahana kīwī o kēia au me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻenehana.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻO ka wahine mua a Cousteau ʻo Simone Melchior, ke kaikamahine a kahi adimana Farani kaulana. Ua komo ke kaikamahine i ka hapa nui o kāna huakaʻi a kāna kāne. I loko o kēia male, he ʻelua keikikāne a ka wahine - ʻo Jean-Michel lāua ʻo Philippe.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ua make ʻo Philippe Cousteau i ka makahiki 1979 ma muli o ka hopena o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mokulele Catalina. Ua hoʻokaʻawale kēia pōpilikia iā Jacques-Yves lāua ʻo Simone. Hoʻomaka lākou e noho kaʻawale, hoʻomau i ke kāne a wahine.
I ka make ʻana o ka wahine a Cousteau i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 1991, ua male hou ʻo ia me Francine Triplet, kahi i noho ai ʻo ia ma mua o 10 mau makahiki a hānai i nā keiki maʻamau, ʻo Diana lāua ʻo Pierre-Yves.
He mea pīhoihoi ia ma hope ua hōʻeha ʻo Jacques-Yves i ka pilina me kāna hānau mua ʻo Jean-Michel, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i kala aku i kona makuakāne no ke aloha a me ka male me Triplet. Ua hele a mamao loa nā mea i pāpā ʻia e ka mea ʻike ma ka ʻaha i kāna keiki e hoʻohana i ka inoa ʻo Cousteau no nā ʻoihana kalepa.
Make
Ua hala ʻo Jacques-Yves Cousteau ma ka lā 25 o Iune, 1997 mai ka maʻi myocardial infarction i ka makahiki 87. Ke hoʻomau nei ka holomua o ka Hui Cousteau a me kāna hoa Palani "Cousteau Command" i kēia lā.
Nā kiʻi Cousteau
