ʻO Vasily Makarovich Shukshin (1929 - 1974) i kahakaha i ka lani o ka moʻomeheu Lūkini ma ke ʻano he meteor. I ka makahiki 1958, he haumāna ʻike ʻole ʻo ia ʻo VGIK, a he 15 mau makahiki wale nō i paʻi ʻia kāna mau puke i loko o nā miliona o nā kope, a ua hoʻāʻo nā mea hana keaka kaulana loa e pāʻani i kāna mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.
I nā puke kūmole, ke papa inoa ʻana i nā ʻoihana a Vasily Shukshin, ua hoʻokau pinepine ʻia ka kinima ma mua, no ka mea ʻo ka ʻae a me nā makana nui i hele pololei iā ia no ka hana a kuhikuhi ʻana. Akā ʻo Shukshin ponoʻī i manaʻo iā ia iho he mea kākau. ʻOiai i loko o nā manawa o kāna noi kiʻekiʻe loa no ka kinima, i ka manawa, i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka wā o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻana o kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, pono ʻo ia e lele i kahi o kahi kiʻi ʻē aʻe, ua moemoeā ʻo ia e haʻalele no kāna kamaʻāina ʻo Srostki no hoʻokahi makahiki a e komo wale i ka kākau.
Auē, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hana i kahi mehameha. ʻO ke olakino, ʻalekole, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio, a, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole i ʻae ka papa hana ʻoi loa e hōʻike i nā kālena a Shukshin e hōʻike piha iā lākou iho. Akā i loko o nā makahiki 45 i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia, ua nui nā mea i hiki iā ia ke hana.
- I ka makahiki 1929, ua hānau ʻia ka hānau mua ma ka ʻohana o Makar lāua ʻo Maria Shukshin, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Vasily. Noho ka ʻohana ma ke kauhale Altai nui o Srostki. Ua hoʻokahuli ʻia ʻo Makua i nā makahiki 1930 koʻikoʻi. Ma hope o ke kaua, ua haʻi ka makuahine iā Vasily ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka mea nāna i hōʻino i kāna kāne, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hāʻawi i ka inoa o ka scoundrel.
- Ua hāʻule ka ʻōpio o Vasily i nā makahiki kaua. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hiki ke kaua i Altai, akā pono pū lākou i ka pōloli a lawe i kahi hana o ka hana nui. ʻLolelo maʻalahi ka mea kākau e pili ana i kāna mau moʻolelo. I kekahi o lākou, hiamoe nā keiki i ka papa ʻaina a hiki i ka manawa i kuke ai ko lākou makuahine i kahi ʻano dumplings - kahi mea ʻono maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ma mua.
- ʻO Shukshin, ʻoiai, he ʻōpio paʻakikī. Nā hakakā, hoʻoliganism, nā hana hoʻopunipuni pau ʻole, a me kēia mau mea āpau e pili ana i ke kua o ka ʻiʻini nui i ka pono, ʻoiai no kona mau makahiki. Ua hōʻino ʻia ʻo ia e kāna hoanoho - Ua kiu ʻo Vasily i kāna puaʻa a kīkē i nā maka puaʻa me ka maʻa. Pehea i loaʻa ai i nā hoa, a ʻaʻohe mea e ʻōlelo ai.
- Makemake nui ʻo Vasily i ka heluhelu ʻana, a heluhelu avidly i nā mea āpau e loaʻa ana, e laʻa me nā pepelu a Academician Lysenko. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili kēia i kāna hana kula ma kekahi ʻano. Ua puka ʻo ia mai ke kula ʻehiku makahiki me ka paʻakikī loa.
- No hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa, ua aʻo ke kāne ma ke kula ʻoihana kaʻa, a ua haʻalele ʻo ia no kekahi kumu i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻIke wale ʻia ua huhū loa kona makuahine, a ua manaʻo ka poʻe kamaʻāina i ka lapuwale o ka "makua ʻole" - i kēlā manawa ua hiki mai ke kanu hoʻolewa no kona makuakāne.
- I ka 1946, haʻalele hou ʻo Shukshin i kona kauhale kamaʻāina. Ma aneʻi e puka mai kahi hakahaka hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia i kāna puke moʻolelo. ʻIke ʻia i ka 1947 loaʻa iā ia kahi hana ma Kaluga. He aha ka hana a Vasily no hoʻokahi makahiki a pehea i lawe ʻia ai mai Siberia a Kaluga? Manaʻo kekahi mau biographers ua hoʻopili aku ʻo Shukshin me ka hui o nā ʻaihue a haʻalele iā ia me ka paʻakikī nui, a ua lilo ka moʻolelo āpau i mea no "Kalina Krasnaya". ʻO Igor Khutsiev, ka mea a kona makuakāne ʻo Marlene i kī aku ai i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo "Two Fyodors" me Shukshin ma ke kuleana inoa, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi peʻa ma ke ʻano o ka pahi Finnish ma ka lima o "ʻAnakala Vasya". Ma hope iho, lawe mai ʻo Shukshin i kēia peʻa.
- Ma hope o Kaluga, kahi āna i hana ai ma ke ʻano he limahana ma kahi kūkulu, ua hele ʻo Vasily i Vladimir. Ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mīkini kaʻa - akā ua loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻike ma ke kula ʻenehana. Ua hana ʻo ia, maikaʻi, maikaʻi, ʻoiai ke keʻena inoa koa i hoʻouna iā ia i ke kula mokulele. Akā ma ke ala, ua nalowale ke kanaka i nā palapala āpau. He mea hilahila ke hoʻi i hope, a hoʻomaka ʻo Shukshin i kahi pōʻaiapuni holoholo hou.
- Ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Butovo ma ka moku ʻo Moscow, ua hana ʻo Shukshin ma ke ʻano he haumana no ka pena. I hoʻokahi manawa ma ka hopena pule, ua hele ʻo ia i Moscow a ma laila i holo hewa ʻole i ka luna kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo ʻIvana Pyriev. Ke ʻike nei i kāna kamaʻāina me kāna kamaʻilio ʻana, huki ʻo Pyriev iā ia i kona home e inu kī. Ma mua, i loko o nā kūlanakauhale, ua alo wale ʻo Vasily i ka huhū hāmama e kūʻē i nā "mahiʻai hui", akā ma aneʻi ua kono ke alakaʻi kaulana iā ia i kona home, a ninini kī ʻē aʻe ʻo Marina Ladynina. ʻO ka hui, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua komo i loko o ka ʻuhane o Shukshin, no ka mea ua kākau ʻo ia i mau moʻolelo no kekahi manawa a makemake e lilo i mea pena kiʻi.
- E like me nā kāne i kēlā mau makahiki, ka pūʻali koa, i kāna hihia, ua kōkua ka ʻoihana moku kaua iā Shukshin e noho i lalo. Ua loaʻa i ka luina Chernomorets ka loea o kahi mea lawelawe radiotelegraph a hoʻomākaukau maikaʻi no nā hōʻike no ka papa he ʻumi makahiki. Ua lilo ka ulcer o ka ʻōpū i uku. Ma muli ona, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Vasily, ma muli ona, pono ʻo ia e hele i ka haukapila a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola.
- Ke hoʻi nei i kona kauhale ʻōiwi, ua loaʻa ʻo Vasily i kahi hana ma ke kula ahiahi a aneane lilo i alakaʻi nona. Ma ke kūlana maikaʻi loa ʻo Shukshin, ua paʻi ʻia kāna mau mea i loko o ka nūpepa kūloko, ua ʻae ʻia nā kumu i moho no ka lālā pāʻina.
Me nā limahana o ke kula
- Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Shukshin i kahi huli hou i kona ola i 1954, iā ia i haʻalele ai no Moscow e komo i ka Literary Institute. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻike i mea e ʻae ʻia ai ma ke ʻano he mea kākau, pono e paʻi kekahi i kāna mau hana, a i ʻole e hoʻouna i kāna mau hana i ke keʻena i mua, e hoʻoholo i kahi hoʻokūkū hana. No laila, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻae i kāna mau palapala.
Hāpai keiki ʻohana
- Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi huli mai ka puka pā ma ka Literary Institute, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Shukshin e hoʻāʻo i kāna laki ma VGIK. Aia paha ia i mua o ke kūleʻa, inā ʻaʻole no ka kānana koho ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano o kahi essay. Ua kākau maikaʻi ʻo Shukshin iā ia, a laila makemake ʻo Mikhail Romm, a ua kau inoa ʻia i ke keʻena ma ke keʻena kuhikuhi.
Hale VGIK. Shukshin - noho
- Ma VGIK, ua aʻo ke kāne Siberian me nā luna a me nā mea hana keaka kaulana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Alexander Mitta ʻaʻole ʻo Shukshin i ʻike aia aia kahi ʻoihana alakaʻi. I kona manaʻo, ua lawa ka kamaʻilio ma waena o nā mea hana keaka no ka hana.
- I kona manawa i ʻike aku ai iā Shukshin, ka mea kamaʻāina ʻole iā ia, i ka hele wāwae ʻana i Odessa, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Marlen Khutsiev e kūpono ka mea hana keaka iā ia no ke kuleana nui i ke kiʻi ʻelua "Fyodors". Ua hakakā iki ka luna hoʻokele me kāna mau hoa hana, akā ua hōkū ʻo Shukshin i "Fedory", a kūleʻa loa.
I ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "ʻElua Fyodors"
- Ma ka premiere o "ʻElua Fedorov" ʻaʻole i hiki i ka mea hana i ke kuleana nui ke kiʻi. He nawaliwali ʻike ʻia ʻo Shukshin no ka wai ʻona, akā i kēia manawa ua hana ʻo ia i ka hakakā. Pono ʻo Khutsiev pono e hoʻopakele i ka mea hana keaka mai ka mākaʻi, a ʻaʻole makemake ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana e hoʻokuʻu iā Shukshin no ka manawa lōʻihi no ka mea he mea hana keaka ʻo ia. Pono wau e kono i kahi mākaʻi i ka mua.
- I ʻAukake 1958, ka moʻolelo mua a V. Shukshin, i kapa ʻia ʻo “ʻelua ma ke kaʻa”, i puka ma ka helu 15 o ka makasina Smena. Wahi a Shukshin, ua hoʻouna ʻo ia i kāna mau moʻolelo "i ka pā" i nā moʻolelo like ʻole i nā mana like ʻole, a i ko lākou hoʻi ʻana mai, ua hoʻololi wale ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo hoʻoponopono ma ka envelope.
- ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Mai Lebyazhye Inform" i loiloi ai nā hoa hana o Shukshin. ʻAʻole makemake ka hapa nui i ka hana nui a Vasily i kāna thesis, he alakaʻi a me ka kākau kākau moʻolelo. A no ka makahiki 1961, maʻalahi ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. Ke ʻimi nei nā poʻe āpau i nā ʻano hana hou, a eia ka moʻolelo o ke kōmike ʻāpana āpana a me ke kaua no ka ʻohi ...
- ʻOiai ʻo Shukshin he mea hoʻokani kaulana loa ia, ʻaʻohe ona palapala noho ma Moscow a hiki i ka hopena o 1962. Ua hiki iā ia ke kūʻai i kona hale ponoʻī ma ke kapikala wale nō ma 1965.
- I ke kauwela o 1963, ua lilo ʻo Shukshin i mea kākau "maoli" - ua paʻi ʻia kahi puke ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa nui "Nā Kaiāulu Kūʻai", i hoʻopili pū i kāna mau moʻolelo i paʻi ʻia ma mua.
- ʻO Shukshin's directorial debut ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Ke ola nei kēlā kāne". Ua kākau ʻo Shukshin i ka palapala e pili ana i kāna moʻolelo ponoʻī. ʻO Leonid Kuravlyov ka mea nui i hana nui ʻia, a ua lilo ka alakaʻi i mau hoa aloha ma ke set o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Ke nui nā lāʻau". A laila ua huki ʻo Shukshin i ka nānā i ka mea hana ʻo Valery Ginzburg.
- Ua lanakila ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo "That a Guy Lives" i ka makana All-Union Film Festival ma ke ʻano he komedi maikaʻi loa a me ka makana Venice Festival ma ke ʻano he kiʻi ʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa no nā keiki. Hoʻonāukiuki loa nā makana ʻelua i ka luna hoʻokele - ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻo Shukshin i kāna kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i kahi ʻoniʻoni.
- ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Aia kekahi kāne" i lilo i debut no hoʻokahi a no ke kumu aʻe. ʻO ia ke kiʻi Soviet mua loa a lākou i hoʻoholo ai e hōʻike a kūkākūkā me nā poʻe maʻamau ma mua o ka hoʻolimalima. Ma Voronezh ia, a ua ʻoi aku ka hopohopo o Shukshin i kēia hālāwai ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i kāna mau hoa hana.
- I ka makahiki 1965, ua paʻi ʻia ka hana palapala nui mua a Vasily Shukshin - ka puke "The Lyubavins". Ua paʻi ʻia ka puke e ka hale paʻi puke "Soviet Writer". Ma mua o kēia, ua paʻi ʻia ka puke ma nā helu ʻekolu o ka makasina "Siberian Lights".
- I nā kiʻi hoʻomaka o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Stove Benches" hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi mea pāʻani baltuika virtuoso. He kanaka maoli kēia i kapa ʻia ʻo Fyodor Teletskikh. Kaulana nui ʻo ia ma ka Teritori Altai i mea e hōʻoia ai i kona hōʻea ʻana i ka male, ua hoʻopanee ʻia ka lā male. ʻAneʻane kiʻi ʻia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni āpau ma Shukshin mau wahi maoli ma Altai.
- I ka wā o ka mua o Red Kalina, aia ʻo Shukshin i ka haukapila me ka maʻi ʻōpū like. Akā aia ʻo ia ma ka premiere - incognito, i kahi kapa komo haukapila e peʻe ana ʻo ia ma hope o kahi kolamu. ʻO Kalina Krasnaya, me ke aloha nui o ka poʻe e hoʻolohe ana, ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana nui o ka All-Union Film Festival.
- Ua paʻakikī nā pilina o Shukshin me nā wahine. No ka manawa mua ua male ʻo ia ma Srostki, akā hōʻole ka wahine hou e hele i Moscow me nā manaʻo maopopo ʻole ma ke keʻena kikoʻī. ʻO Vasily, i mea e hoʻopaʻa inoa ai i kahi male hou me Victoria Sofronova, ke kaikamahine a kahi mea kākau kaulana, hoʻolei i ka passport kahiko a loaʻa iā ia kahi mea hou, akā me ka ʻole o kahi māka male. Pōkole nō kēia male, akā ma ka liʻiliʻi he kaikamahine kā Victoria. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hana kēia i ka manawa i male ai ʻo Vasily Makarovich i ka wahine ʻo Lydia Chashchina. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma 1964. Ma hope iki o ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua haki ke aloha a Shukshin me Lydia Fedoseeva - ua hōkū lākou i ke kiʻi like. No kekahi mau manawa ua noho ʻo Shukshin me he mea lā i loko o ʻelua mau hale, akā ua hele nō naʻe ʻo ia i Fedoseeva. He ʻelua mau kaikamāhine a lāua, a ua lilo i wahine ma hope.
Me Lydia Fedoseeva-Shukshina a me nā kaikamahine
- Ua make ʻo Vasily Shukshin i ka maʻi puʻuwai ma ʻOkakopa 2, 1974. Aia ʻo ia ma ke set o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Ua Kaua lākou no ka ʻāina makuahine", kahi hapa o ka poʻe ʻoniʻoni i noho ma kahi moku muliwai. ʻO Shukshin a me kāna aikāne ʻo Georgy Burkov - ma kahi kokoke kā lākou mau keʻena - e hiamoe nui ana i ka lā ma mua. I ka pō ala aʻe ʻo Shukshin a hoʻāla iā Burkov - ʻeha kona puʻuwai. ʻO nā lāʻau, koe wale no nā validol a me nā kulu Zelenin, ʻaʻohe mea ma ka moku. Me he mea lā ua hiamoe ʻo Shukshin, a kakahiaka aʻe ua loaʻa ʻo Burkov iā ia ua make.
- Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Shukshin, 160,000 mau leka condolence mai nā poʻe heluhelu nūpepa a me nā makasina. Ma mua o 100 mau mele e pili ana i ka make ʻana o Vasily Makarovich i paʻi ʻia.
- He mau kaukani ka poʻe i hele i ka hoʻolewa o ka mea kākau poʻokela poʻokela, alakaʻi a mea hana keaka ma ʻOkakopa 6. Nui ka poʻe i lawe mai i nā lālā viburnum ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole i uhi wale ʻia ka lua kupapaʻu, akā ua ala aʻe kekahi i kahi puʻu ma luna ona.
- I ka 1967, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Shukshin i ka ʻoka o ka ʻulaʻula o ka hana. I ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana mokuʻāina o ka RSFSR. I ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Shukshin i ka USSR State Prize. Ua loaʻa iā ia ka Makana Lenin ma hope
