I ka toast i hana ʻia e kekahi o nā koa o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo "Prisoner of the Caucasus or Shurik's New Adventures" - e hoʻomanaʻo: "... no ka mea ua helu pono ʻia ʻo ia i ka nui o nā hua i loko o ka ʻeke, ehia mau kulu i ke kai", a pēlā aku, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka nui o nā pine ma ka honua. Loaʻa nā lāʻau pine i ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau i nā palena palena (ma nā ʻāpana hemisphere) mau ʻāina. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e pale i kēia kumulāʻau mai ka mua ma ka honua e pili ana i ka prevalence, inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka ulu ʻana o ka wahi, a, ma ka liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka lua o ka nui o nā kumulāʻau (manaʻo kekahi mau loea he nui nā lāʻau larch ma kēia ʻano). ʻO nā mea kuhikuhi ʻelua, ʻoiaʻiʻo, pili loa - ʻo wai e helu pono ʻaʻole wale i ka helu o nā kumulāʻau, akā ʻo ka wahi o ko lākou ulu ʻana me ka pololei o ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mau kilomika kilomika i ke kai ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka taiga?
Mālama ʻia kahi lāʻau paina unpretentious i zoned ma nā wahi i pili iki i kona ʻano kūlohelohe: nā ʻāina pōhaku lahilahi, nele i ka wai a me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokūkū mai nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a me nā ulu ulu. Ua kanu ʻo Baron von Falz-Fein i nā ulu lāʻau paina ma ʻelua mau mika lepo ʻeleʻele i ka ʻāpana hema. Hoʻonani kahi ulu lāʻau like i ka waiwai kahiko o ka Prokofievs i ka Donbass. Ua lawe ʻia nā māla paina nunui ma waena o ka hoʻolālā o ko Stalin hoʻolālā e hoʻololi i ke kūlohelohe. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia hoʻolālā, a hāʻawi mau nā ulu lāʻau pine a me nā ulu lāʻau i ka leʻaleʻa o ke kūlohelohe i nā miliona o nā poʻe.
Inā ʻaʻole no ka ʻāina a me nā kūlana olaola, ʻo ka pine kahi kumulāʻau kūpono no ka mālama ʻāina ʻana. ʻAʻohe pili maoli kēia kumu lāʻau - he nui nā resins a me nā phytoncides i loko o ka lāʻau pine a me nā nila. No laila, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a maʻemaʻe ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā lāʻau paina, a aia i loko o lākou (inā, ʻaʻohe ke Akua, ʻaʻole ʻoe e nalo) he mea leʻaleʻa loa ia. A mai kahi manaʻo utilitarian, kokoke ka pine i kahi mea kūpono no nā mea hoʻopili like ʻole, kūkulu a me ke kemika hou.
1. Mai ka manaʻo o nā hoʻomana, nā manaʻoʻiʻo, nā hoʻomana, a me ka hana kilokilo hoʻi, ʻo ka pine kahi lāʻau e hōʻike ana i nā mea maikaʻi loa. Pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo nui e ʻike i kēlā maikaʻi maikaʻi e hōʻailona ʻole ai ka pine. He hōʻailona ʻo ia o ka make ʻole, ka lōʻihi, ke kūpaʻa i ka male, ka ʻohi kiʻekiʻe, nā keiki momona o nā holoholona a me nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me, i ka manawa like, a me ka puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka lāʻau pine Kalikimaka nā hōʻailona no nā mea maikaʻi. ʻO nā hōʻailona Kalikimaka i hele mai i ʻEulopa ʻĀkau mai Scandinavia.
2. I ka wā o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui, ua hoʻōla ka pine i hoʻokahi haneli mau tausani mau ola. ʻO ka hemahema nui loa o ka wikamina C i ʻike ʻia ma ka mua a ma ka hope. ʻAe, ʻaʻohe mea e nānā i kēia hemahema - ke lawa ʻole nā meaʻai o ke kula haʻahaʻa, ʻuʻuku ka poʻe e nānā i nā huaora - ʻai maikaʻi lākou. ʻAʻole i waiho ke aupuni Soviet i ka pilikia i kahi manawa wale. Ma ʻApelila 1942, ua mālama ʻia kahi hālāwai ma Rostov ka Nui, a ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau o ka wikamina a me nā huaora hoʻolauna mai nā nila kui i ka wā hiki. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻenehana no ka ʻohi ʻana, mālama, hoʻomākaukau mua ʻana i nā nila, a me ke kaʻina maoli o ka lawe ʻana mai i ka glucose a me ka lāʻau C mai laila. ʻAwaʻawa loa nā kui kele, no laila pono e hana ʻia kahi ʻenehana no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea ʻino. Maopopo i loko o nā makahiki kaua paʻakikī loa ʻaʻohe manawa no ka leʻaleʻa kemika a ʻenehana paha. Ua hana ʻia kahi ʻenehana uila maʻalahi a nani hoʻi no ka hana ʻana i nā nila kui. ʻO ka hope, ua kāʻili ʻia ka ʻawaʻawa e ka fermentation. ʻO kēia kahi i loaʻa ai ka inu huaʻai, 30 - 50 gram i hāʻawi ʻia i ka koi no kēlā me kēia lā no ka wikamina C. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hānai ʻia nā wai a pau. Hoʻohui ʻia ka inu huaʻai ma kona ʻano maʻemaʻe i kvass a i ʻole mash (ʻae, me ka ʻole o ka iʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka ʻole o nā wikamina, a he kōkua ka mash, no laila ua hana ʻia ma nā hale inu pia mokuʻāina a me nā mea hana lima. I ka hopena o ke kaua, ua aʻo lākou pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka noʻonoʻo. Ua lawa ka 10 gram o ka noʻonoʻo no kēlā me kēia lā o ka lāʻau wikamina C.
3. No ke kanaka i ʻike ʻole i ka taiga, ʻo ia ka pine ka mea hui mua loa me kēia manaʻo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ka nui o nā lāʻau pine, ʻaʻole nui lākou i ka taiga. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka pine taiga ma ka ʻāpana Urals. I nā panalāʻau ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. I ka ʻĀkau o ʻEulopa, ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka taiga e ka spruce, ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika, ua hoʻoheheʻe nui ʻia nā ulu lāʻau spruce me ka larch. Ma nā panalāʻau nui o Siberia a me ka Hikina Hema, ʻo predchates ka larch. Aia ʻo Pine ma aneʻi wale nō i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau dwarf - kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana pine. Ma muli o kona nui, kapa ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau kedera he lāʻau. Ulu ulu nui ia i kekahi kanaka ke ski pono ma ka piko o ka elfin uhi ʻia me ka hau.
4. Inā hana ʻia kahi ʻokiʻoki ma luna o ka lāʻau pine, e puka koke mai ke kēpau mai ona aku, a laila kapa ʻia he kohu - he ʻeha hoʻōla. Pōkole loa ka poʻe e hoʻohana i ka kēpau no ka hana ʻana i ka rosin, turpentine a me nā huahana e pili ana iā lākou. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka kēpau he 70% rosin a me 30% turpentine me ka ʻole o nā haumia. Akā he mea kūpono ke kau ʻana i ka kēpau ma lalo o ke kaomi a kali i mau mau makahiki he mau miliona, a hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ka ʻamela makamae. Ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka hōʻike a me ka nui o nā waihona amber i ʻEulopa e hōʻike nei i ka nui o ka pine i ka Upper Cretaceous. ʻO ka makahiki wale nō ma ke kahakai kai kiola i 40 mau tona o ka amber. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā waihona nui i nā haneli o nā tona i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
5. Uhi pinepine ʻia nā pine me ka ʻili enaena māmā. Akā uhi ʻia ka pine Bunge me kahi ʻili keʻokeʻo ʻokoʻa. I kēia kumulāʻau, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka mākaʻikaʻi Lūkini ʻo Alexander Bunge, ʻo ia ka mea mua e wehewehe i kēia pine, ua loaʻa i nā flakes o ka ʻili kahi kala keʻokeʻo maʻamau ʻole no ka paina. ʻAʻole i wehewehe wale ʻo Bunge i kahi pine pine i kapa ʻia ma hope ona, akā ua lawe pū kekahi i nā hua i Lūkia. ʻO ke kumulāʻau i lilo i ke anuanu maikaʻi ʻole, akā ua zoned maikaʻi ʻia ma Caucasus a me Crimea. Ma laila ʻo ia e loaʻa ai i kēia manawa. Mālama maikaʻi nā mea hoʻokipa i ka pine Bunge ma ke ʻano he bonsai.
6. Hoʻohana ʻino ʻia ʻo Pine i ka hana moku i nā manawa āpau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kūpono nā ʻano pine a pau i ka hana moku. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea kūpono ma lalo o ka inoa "moku pine". I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻekolu mau ʻano o kēia. ʻO ka pine nui o kēia mau mea ka pine melemele. Māmā kona lāʻau, kūpaʻa a resinous nui. ʻAe kēlā ʻano i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pine melemele no ka hana ʻana i nā kia pou a me nā spars ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pine ʻulaʻula, ʻo ia ka ʻano textured a leʻaleʻa maikaʻi loa, hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻonani kūwaho a me loko a me nā mea e kau ana i ka halihali ukana e like me ka papahele a me ka papahele bilge. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pine keʻokeʻo e hana i nā mea kōkua mai kahi e koi ʻole ʻia ai ka ikaika kūikawā.
7. Ma ka ʻākau o St. Petersburg ka Udelny Park. I kēia manawa ʻike ʻia ia ma kahi he wahi hoʻomaha. Akā ua hoʻokumu ʻia e like me kahi ulu lāʻau paina ponoʻī na Peter I. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, me nā waiwai ulu lāʻau āpau o Rūsia, ʻaʻohe wahi nahele liʻiliʻi e kūpono i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā moku. No laila, ua nānā nui ka mōʻī Lūkini mua i ke kanu ʻana i nā ulu ulu hou. ʻOiai ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau pine i ka nui kūʻai aku ma kahi o 60 mau makahiki, a i kona wā e ola ana ua maopopo i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka manawa o nā lāʻau paina e hele ai i nā pā moku, ua kanu ponoʻī ʻo Peter I mau lāʻau pine hou. ʻO ka wānana kupaianaha no ka ʻemepela keu! ʻO kekahi o kēia mau kumulāʻau, e like me ka moʻolelo, ulu i ka Udelny Park.
8. He mea makemake nui ʻia ʻo Pine no ka hana ʻana i nā lako. Ma waena o nā mea maikaʻi, ʻoiai, ʻo ke ʻala o nā aila pono e hoʻopuka ʻia e nā mea paina. Hoʻohui ʻia, ke kū nei o nā phytoncides e hana i nā lako pine, a i ʻole ʻo kona ʻala, kahi mea prophylactic maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā mea hana i hana ʻia i nā pine paina maikaʻi maikaʻi a ʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka punahelu. Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi maʻalahi ʻia: hamo ʻia nā māwae a me nā ʻāpana me ka wax. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao flip o ke kālā: he nui ka likelika o ka holo ʻana i loko o nā lako i hana ʻia mai nā papa maloʻo maikaʻi ʻole. Kahi ʻia nā wahi o nā lako paina e kekahi mau kumu. ʻAʻole pono e kau i kēlā me kēia meahana i nā wahi i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā, kokoke i nā kumu wela, a kahi e makaʻu ai i ka ʻino mechanical - he lāʻau palupalu ka paina. ʻĀ, e like me nā lako lāʻau paʻa, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o nā lako paina ma mua o nā ʻāpana o nā lako hana i hana ʻia i ka papapa, i laha ākea i ka hoʻohana ākea.
9. ʻO nā hua o ka ʻaneʻane āpau nā laha pinana ʻono, momona a olakino. Hāʻawi ʻia nā hua nui e ka pine ʻItalia, akā ʻoi aku kēia ma muli o ka nohona kūpono no nā kumulāʻau - ʻaʻole waiwai nui ka lepo ma ʻItalia, akā ulu ka pōhaku, ulu nā pine ʻItalia ma nā mauna waena, ʻoiai ke anuanu a mehana. He paʻakikī e manaʻo i ka hua like o nā pines e ulu ana ma ke Kaiwaenahonua ʻItalia a me nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka subpolar Urals a me Lapland.
10. ʻO ia kumulāʻau kala like ʻole a me nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka pine, ʻumeʻume, a ʻoi aku i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ka manaʻo o ka poʻe pena. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ka pena ʻana i Iapana a me Kina ma nā ʻano mea kahiko - nā kiʻi o nā pine i nā kiʻi pena kiʻi ʻokoʻa ʻole. ʻO Alexey Savrasov (nā kiʻi pena a me nā kaha kiʻi wai he nui), Arkhip Kuindzhi, Isaac Levitan, Sergey Frolov, Yuri Klever, Paul Cezanne, Anatoly Zverev, Camille Corot, Paul Signac a me nā mea pena kiʻi ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia i nā pine i kā lākou mau ʻeke. Akā kaʻawale, ʻo ia nō ka hana a ʻIvan Shishkin. Ua hoʻolaʻa kēia mea pena Lūkini koʻikoʻi i nā kiʻi he nui i nā pine. Ma ka laulā, makemake ʻo ia e pena i nā kumulāʻau a me nā ululāʻau, akā ua nānā nui ʻo ia i nā pine.
