ʻO Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev - Soviet a me Lūkia philologist, culturologist, loea loea, Kauka o Philology, Polofesa. Lunahoomalu o ka Papa o ka Lūkini (Soviet a hiki i 1991) Cultural Foundation (1986-1993). Ka mea kākau o nā hana nui i ka mōʻaukala o nā puke Lūkia.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Dmitry Likhachev, a mākou e haʻi ai e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Dmitry Likhachev.
Kawaihae o Dmitry Likhachev
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Dmitry Likhachev ma Nowemapa 15 (28), 1906 ma St. Ua ulu ʻo ia i loko o kahi ʻohana akamai me kahi loaʻa kālā haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka makuakāne philologist, ʻo Sergei Mikhailovich, i hana ma ke ʻano he ʻenekini uila, a ʻo kona makuahine, ʻo Vera Semyonovna, he wahine hale.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I kona wā ʻōpio, ua hoʻoholo paʻa ʻo Dmitry makemake ʻo ia e hoʻohui i kona ola me ka ʻōlelo Lūkia a me nā palapala.
No kēia kumu, ua komo ʻo Likhachev i ke Kulanui ʻo Leningrad ma ke keʻena philological o ka Faculty of Social Science.
I loko o kāna mau aʻo ʻana ma ke kula nui, ʻo ka haumāna kekahi o nā lālā o ka pōʻai lalo, kahi a lākou i aʻo nui ai i ka ʻōlelo Slavic philology. I ka 1928, ua hopu ʻia ʻo ia no nā hana anti-Soviet.
Ua hoʻoholo ka ʻaha Soviet e hoʻokuke aku iā Dmitry Likhachev i nā mokupuni kaulana ʻo Solovetsky, aia i loko o ka wai o ke Kai Keʻokeʻo. Ma hope ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i ke kahua kūkulu o ka Belomorkanal, a ma 1932 ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia i mua o ka manawa "no ka kūleʻa i ka hana."
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i haki ka manawa i hala i nā kahua hoʻomoana iā Likhachev. Ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua āpau, ua hoʻi ʻo ia i kona kamaʻāina ʻo Leningrad e hoʻopau i ke kula kiʻekiʻe.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokō ʻo Dmitry Likhachev i nā manaʻo ʻole, a ma hope ua komo ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻepekema. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu i hoʻolilo ʻia i ka hale paʻahao i kōkua iā ia i nā haʻawina philological.
ʻEpekema a me ka hana
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Nui Patriotic (1941-1945) ua hoʻopau ʻo Dmitry Likhachev i ka hoʻopuni ʻana iā Leningrad. A ʻoiai pono ʻo ia e hakakā no kona ola i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻaʻole ia i kū i ke aʻo ʻana i nā palapala Lūkini kahiko.
I ka 1942 ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka philologist i Kazan, kahi i hana mau ʻia ai i nā hana ʻepekema.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua huki ka ʻepekema Lūkia i ka hana a ka ʻōpio Likhachev. Ua ʻike lākou he pono kā kāna hana e nānā pono ai.
Ma hope, ua aʻo ke kaiāulu honua e pili ana i kā Dmitry Sergeevich noiʻi. Ua hoʻomaka lākou e kāhea iā ia he loea hohonu i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka philology a me ka moʻomeheu Lūkia, mai nā puke Slavic i nā hanana o kēia ao.
ʻIke nō, ma mua ona ʻaʻole i hiki i kekahi ke hoʻopaʻa a wehewehe pono iā 1000 mau makahiki o ka ʻuhane, me ka moʻomeheu Slavic a me Lūkia, ma kahi nui.
Ua ʻimi ka mea kālaiʻike i kā lākou pili pono ʻole me nā piko o ka honua a me ka moʻomeheu. Hoʻohui ʻia, no ka manawa lōʻihi ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo ia a mahele i nā mana ʻepekema i nā wahi noiʻi koʻikoʻi.
Ua hāʻawi ʻo Dmitry Likhachev i kahi kōkua nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana aʻo i ka USSR. No nā makahiki he ʻumi a ʻoi aku, ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia e hōʻike i kona mau manaʻo ponoʻī i ka lehulehu.
I ka wā o Mikhail Gorbachev i noho aliʻi ai, ua ulu aʻe kahi hanauna kanaka ma kāna mau papahana i hoʻolele ʻia ma ke kīwī, a no nā ʻelele o ka stratum ʻepekema o kēia kaiāulu.
ʻO kēia mau hōʻike kīwī he kamaʻilio manuahi ma waena o ka mea hōʻike a me ka poʻe hoʻolohe.
A hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā, ʻaʻole i kū ʻo Likhachev i ka hana ʻana i nā hana hoʻoponopono a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana, me ka hoʻoponopono kūʻokoʻa ʻana i nā mea a nā ʻepekema ʻōpio.
He mea hoihoi ua hoʻāʻo mau ka philologist e pane i nā leka he nui i hiki mai iā ia mai nā wahi like ʻole o kona ʻāina hānau nui. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo he ʻano maikaʻi ʻole kāna i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lāhui. Loaʻa iā ia kēia huaʻōlelo:
"Aia he ʻokoʻa hohonu ma waena o ka aloha ʻāina a me ka lāhui. I ka mua - aloha i kou ʻāina, i ka lua - inaina no nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau. "
Ua ʻokoʻa ʻo Likhachev mai kāna mau hoa hana he nui e kāna kuhikuhi a me kona makemake e hele i lalo o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hoʻohewa ʻo ia i kekahi mau kumumanaʻo kipi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hanana o ka mōʻaukala a ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kūpono e ʻike iā Rūsia ma ke ʻano he mesianic i ka mōʻaukala kanaka.
Ua noho mau ʻo Dmitry Likhachev i kāna ʻoiaʻiʻo Petersburg. Ua hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ʻo ia e neʻe i Moscow, akā ua hōʻole mau ʻo ia i kēlā ʻano hāʻawi.
Ma muli paha o ka Pushkin House, kahi i noho ai ka Institute of Russian Literature, kahi a Likhachev i hana ai ma kahi o 60 mau makahiki.
I loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu, ua paʻi ka mea kālaiʻike ma kahi o 500 mau hana ʻepekema a me 600 mau hana paʻi. Ua hoʻomaka ka pōʻai o kāna mau ʻepekema ʻepekema mai ke aʻo ʻana i ka pena kiʻi a hoʻopau ʻia me ke aʻo ʻana i ke ola paʻahao o nā paʻahao.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻO Dmitry Likhachev kahi kāne ʻohana hiʻohiʻona i noho i kona ola holoʻokoʻa me hoʻokahi wahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Zinaida Alexandrovna. Ua hui ka philologist i kāna wahine i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma 1932, iā ia i hana ai ma ke ʻano he proofreader ma ka Academy of Science.
I loko o kēia male, he 2 māhoe ko lāua mau wahine - Lyudmila lāua ʻo Vera. Wahi a Likhachev iā ia iho, ua noho aliʻi mau ka hoʻomaopopo like ʻana a me ke aloha ma waena ona a me kāna wahine.
ʻAʻole lilo ka ʻepekema i lālā o ka Communist Party, a hōʻole hoʻi e kau inoa i nā leka e kūʻē i nā kiʻi moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi o ka USSR. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ia he dissident, akā ua hoʻāʻo e loaʻa i kahi kuikahi me ke aupuni Soviet.
Make
I ka hāʻule o 1999, ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Dmitry Likhachev i ka haukapila Botkin, kahi i hana koke ai ʻo ia i kahi hana oncological.
Eia naʻe, makehewa nā hana a nā kauka. Ua make ʻo Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev ma ka lā 30 Kepakemapa 1999 i ka makahiki 92. ʻO nā kumu no ka make ʻana o ka mea kālaiʻike ka ʻelemakule a me nā pilikia ʻōpū.
I loko o kona ola, ua loaʻa i ka ʻepekema nā makana he nui a me ka ʻike ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Eia hou, he punahele ʻo ia na ka poʻe maoli, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻolaha ʻoi loa o ka pono a me ka ʻuhane.
Na Dmitry Likhachev kiʻi
