ʻO Dmitry Shostakovich

ʻO Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich (1906-1975) - Lūkia a me Soviet haku mele, piano a me kumu mele. People's Artist o ka USSR a me ka laureate o nā makana hanohano he nui.

ʻO kekahi o nā haku mele o ke kenekulia 20, ka mea kākau o 15 symphonies a me 15 quartets, 6 ʻahamele, 3 opera, 3 ballet, nā hana he nui o ke mele keʻena.

Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino Shostakovich, a mākou e kūkākūkā ai i kēia ʻatikala.

No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Dmitry Shostakovich.

ʻO kā Biostakovich moʻolelo moʻomanaʻo

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Dmitry Shostakovich ma ka lā 12 Kepakemapa (25), 1906. Ua aʻo kona makuakāne, ʻo Dmitry Boleslavovich, i ke kālaikūlohea a me ka makemakika ma ke Kulanui o St.

ʻO ka makuahine o ka haku mele, ʻo Sofya Vasilievna, he mea hoʻokani piano. ʻO ia nāna i hoʻokumu i ke aloha i ke mele i nā keiki ʻekolu: Dmitry, Maria a me Zoya.

ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio

I ka manawa ma kahi o 9 mau makahiki ʻo Shostakovich, ua hoʻouna aku kona mau mākua iā ia i ka Gymnasium Kalepa. I ka manawa like, ua aʻo kona makuahine iā ia e hoʻokani piano. Lawe koke ʻo ia i kāna keiki i ke kula mele o ke kumu kaulana ʻo Glasser.

Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Glasser, ua hoʻokō ʻo Dmitry i kahi kūleʻa i ka hoʻokani piano, akā ʻaʻole i aʻo ke kumu iā ia i ka haku mele ʻana, ma muli o ka haʻalele ʻana o ke keiki mai ke kula ma hope o 3 mau makahiki.

I loko o kēlā wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua ʻike ka Shostakovich 11 makahiki i kahi hanana weliweli i waiho ʻia i kona hoʻomanaʻo no ke koena o kona ola. Ma mua o kona mau maka, kahi Cossack, hoʻopuehu i ka lehulehu o nā kānaka, ʻokiʻoki i kahi keiki me ka pahi kaua. Ma hope, e kākau ka mea haku mele ʻōpio i kahi hana ʻo "Funeral March ma ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia o ke kipi", ma muli o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka pōʻino i kū aʻe.

I ka makahiki 1919 ua hoʻoholo maikaʻi ʻo Dmitry i nā hōʻike ma ka Petrograd Conservatory. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hana ʻo ia i ke alakaʻi ʻana. I kekahi mau mahina ma hope mai, ua haku ke kanaka ʻōpio i kāna hana orchestral nui mua - "Scherzo fis-moll".

I ka makahiki aʻe ua komo ʻo Shostakovich i ka papa piano a Leonid Nikolaev. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hele i ka Anna Vogt Circle, ka mea i kia i nā mea hoʻokani pila o ke komohana.

Ua aʻo ʻo Dmitry Shostakovich ma ka Conservatory me ka pīhoihoi nui, ʻoiai nā manawa paʻakikī i hoʻopio aku iā Lūkia i kēlā manawa: ke Kaua Honua Mua (1914-1918), ka ʻOkakopa Revolution, wī. Ma kahi o kēlā me kēia lā hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Philharmonic kūloko, kahi āna i hoʻolohe ai me ka hauʻoli nui i nā ʻahamele.

Wahi a ka haku mele i kēlā manawa, ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o ke kino, pono ʻo ia e hele i ka conservatory ma ka wāwae. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ikaika o Dmitry e kaomi i loko o ke kaʻa kaʻaahi, kahi a nā haneli e hoʻāʻo nei e komo i loko.

Ke ʻike nei i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, ua loaʻa ʻo Shostakovich i kahi hana ma ka hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma ke ʻano he piano, ʻo ia ka mea i hele pū me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni me kāna hana. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Shostakovich i kēia manawa me ka hoʻowahāwahā. ʻO ka uku haʻahaʻa ka hana a lawe i ka ikaika.

I kēlā manawa, hāʻawi ʻia ke kōkua nui a me ke kākoʻo i ka mea hoʻokani pila e ka polofesa o ka St. Petersburg Conservatory Alexander Glazunov, ka mea i hiki ke loaʻa iā ia i kahi ration hou a me kahi haumana pilikino.

I ka makahiki 1923, ua puka ʻo Shostakovich mai ka Conservatory i ka piano, a he mau makahiki ma hope ma ka haku mele ʻana.

Hana Hou

Ma ke kau waena o 1920, ua ʻike ʻia ke tālena a Dmitry e ke alakaʻi Kelemania ʻo Bruno Walter, a laila huakaʻi huakaʻi ʻo ia i ka Soviet Union. Ua noi ʻo ia i ka haku mele ʻōpio e hoʻouna iā ia i Kelemānia i ka helu o ka First Symphony, a Shostakovich i kākau ai i kona wā ʻōpio.

ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻokani ʻo Bruno i kahi ʻāpana e kahi mea hoʻokani mele Lūkini ma Berlin. Ma hope o kēlā, hana ʻia ka Symphony Mua e nā mea pena haole kaulana ʻē aʻe. Mahalo i kēia, ua loaʻa iā Shostakovich kahi kaulana i ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

I nā makahiki 1930, ua haku ʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich i ka keaka mele ʻo Lady Macbeth o ka Apana ʻo Mtsensk. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka hana mua i hoʻokipa nui ʻia kēia hana ma ka USSR, akā ma hope ua hoʻohewa nui ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Joseph Stalin e pili ana i ka opera ma ke ʻano he mele i maopopo ʻole i ka mea hoʻolohe Soviet.

I kēlā mau makahiki, ua kākau ʻo biosties Shostakovich i nā mele he 6 a me ka "Jazz Suite". I 1939 ua lilo ʻo ia i polopeka.

I nā mahina mua o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui (1941-1945), ua hana ka mea haku mele i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka symphony 7. Ua hana mua ʻia ia ma Rūsia ma Malaki 1942, a ma hope o 4 mau mahina ua hōʻike ʻia ia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I ʻAukake o ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hana ʻia ka symphony i ka hoʻopuni ʻana iā Leningrad a lilo i mea hoʻoikaika maoli no kona poʻe kamaʻāina.

I loko o ke kaua, ua hoʻokele ʻo Dmitry Shostakovich e hana i ka 8th Symphony, i kākau ʻia i loko o ka neoclassical. No kāna mau hana mele e 1946 ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ʻekolu mau makana Stalin!

Eia nō naʻe, i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokau nā luna aupuni iā Shostakovich i ka hoʻohewa koʻikoʻi, e hoʻopiʻi ana iā ia no ka "bourgeois formalism" a me "groveling before the West." ʻO ka hopena, ua kāʻili ʻia ke kāne i kāna ʻoihana.

I loko nō o ka hoʻomāinoino, i ka 1949 ua ʻae ʻia ka mea hoʻokani pila e lele i ʻAmelika no kahi ʻaha kūkā honua no ka pale ʻana i ka maluhia, kahi āna i haʻi ʻōlelo lōʻihi ai. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua loaʻa iā ia ka hā o ka Stalin Prize no ka cantata Song of the Forests.

Ma 1950, Dmitry Shostakovich, i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā hana a Bach, i kākau ʻo 24 Preludes a me Fugues. Ma hope mai ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ke kaʻina o nā keaka "Dances for Dolls", a ua kākau pū nō hoʻi i ka Ten and Sythonth Symphonies.

I ka hapalua o ka 1950, ua hoʻokau ʻia kā Shostakovich mele me ka manaʻolana maikaʻi. I 1957 ua lilo ʻo ia i poʻo o ka Hui Composers ', a ma hope o 3 mau makahiki ua lilo ʻo ia i lālā o ka Communist Party.

I nā makahiki 60, ua kākau ka haku i ka ʻumikūmālua, ʻumikūmākolu a me ka ʻumikūmāhā mau mele. Hana ʻia kāna mau hana i loko o nā hui philharmonic ʻoi loa o ka honua. I ka pau ʻana o kāna ʻoihana mele, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻana i nā hua mele kaumaha i kāna mau hana. ʻO kāna hana hope loa ka Sonata no Viola a me Piano.

Ke ola pilikino

I loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu, ua male ʻia ʻo Dmitry Shostakovich i ʻekolu mau manawa. ʻO kāna wahine mua he astrophysicist ʻo Nina Vasilievna. I kēia hui ʻana, hānau ʻia kahi keikikāne ʻo Maxim a me kahi kaikamahine ʻo Galina.

Noho pū lāua ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki, a hiki i ka make ʻana o Nina Vasilievna, i make i ka makahiki 1954. Ma hope o kēlā, ua male ke kāne iā Margarita Kainova, akā ʻaʻole i lōʻihi kēia male ʻana.

I ka makahiki 1962 ua male ʻo Shostakovich iā Irina Supinskaya no ke kolu o ka manawa, a ua noho pū ʻo ia a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola. Aloha ka wahine i kāna kāne a mālama ʻo ia iā ia i kona wā maʻi.

Ka maʻi a me ka make

I nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola, maʻi nui ʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich, e loaʻa ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa maʻi. Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mākala o nā wāwae - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe loea Soviet a me nā haole ʻē aʻe e kōkua i ka mea haku mele, akā ua hoʻomau ka maikaʻi ʻole o kona olakino. I ka makahiki 1970-1971. Ua hele pinepine ʻo Shostakovich i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Kurgan no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hale hana o Dr. Gabriel Ilizarov.

Ua hoʻoikaika ka mea hoʻokani pila a lawe i nā lāʻau kūpono. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomau ka holomua o ka maʻi. I ka makahiki 1975, ua loaʻa iā ia ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, e pili ana i lawe ʻia ka mea haku mele i ka haukapila.

I ka lā o kona make ʻana, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Shostakovich e nānā i ka pōpeku me kāna wahine ma ka papa. Ua hoʻouna ʻo ia i kāna wahine no ka leka, a i kona hoʻi ʻana mai, ua make kāna kāne. Ua make ʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich ma ʻAukake 9, 1975 i ka makahiki 68.