ʻO kekahi o nā hanana kūlohelohe kupaianaha, kahi UNESCO Heritage Heritage Site, aia ia ma ʻApelika Hema ma ka muliwai ʻo Zambezi. ʻO ka inoa o kēia hanana, e hoʻohauʻoli nei i ka leʻaleʻa a me ka mahalo, ʻo Victoria Falls.
ʻAʻole wale ka cascade o ka wai e hāʻule ana mai kahi kiʻekiʻe o 120 m, a laila e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kahawai he nui, a i ʻole ke hoʻohuli ʻia i hoʻokahi plume, e like me ka paia monolithic, akā ʻo ka kahe o ka wai e ʻū ana ma kahi kahawai kūiki, ʻo 13 mau manawa ka liʻiliʻi. ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka muliwai ʻo Zambezi mai nā pōhaku. ʻO kahi kahawai, 1,800 m ka laulā, e kahe ana i lalo, e uwō ana i kahi ala ʻololī, ʻo 140 m wale nō ka laulā ma kahi ākea o kāna puka. Eia hou, hoʻopili ʻia ka waha o ke awāwa i 100 m a holo kolo ka wai i loko o kēia kahawai, kuha ana i nā ao o ka ʻehu liʻiliʻi loa e kau ana i ka lewa a piʻi aʻe mai nā hopena no nā haneli he mau haneli ma luna o ka paia paʻa o kahi kahawai nunui e hāʻule ana mai kahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole ia ka nui o nā wailele ma ka honua e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe, akā i ka hanohano kanalua ʻole ma mua o Niagara a me Iguazu Falls.
ʻAe, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo ka ākea. ʻO Wailani wale nō ka wailele e ʻaneʻane 2 km ka lōʻihi i ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 100 m. Akā ʻo ka mea like ʻole ka hulu o ka wai i hoʻolei ʻia e ka wailele: pālahalaha loa ia me he mea lā e iho mai ana kahi aniani aniani mai kahi pali pōhaku ma kahi o ka wai. Ka nui o nā Plume: 1.804 Mcfm. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi wailele ʻē aʻe i ka honua ke kaena i ka plume mānoanoa!
Hoʻohui ʻia, piʻi i luna nā aniani-aniani daimana ma luna o ke kahawai ʻo Batoka, kahi i kū ai kahi awāwa e loaʻa ai kahi kahawai (a 400 mau mika), a ʻike ʻia lākou i kahi mamao a 60 km i ka lā maopopo.
Ma ke kahakai komohana o Zimbabwe, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kahawai o ka Zambezi i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana e kekahi mau mokupuni i uhi ʻia me nā lau nahele ulu ulu. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka muliwai, kahi o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Zambia, ua wāwahi ʻia ma kahi o 30 mau mokupuni pōhaku nui a liʻiliʻi.
"Na" ʻo Zambia lāua ʻo Zimbabwe "ka wailele ma nā ʻōlelo kaulike, aia nā palena o kēia mau mokuʻāina e waiho ana ma kapa kai o ka Zambezi.
Lawe manuahi ka wai i kāna wai ma ke kula pālahalaha o ka Savannah a i ke Kai ʻInikia, e hoʻomaka ana i nā wahiʻeleʻele a holoi i kona moena i waena o nā pōhaku one palupalu. Holoi i nā mokupuni me nā kumulāʻau liʻiliʻi a me nā kumu lāʻau, ākea ka muliwai a palaualelo a hiki i kahi pali pōhaku, mai laila e hāʻule ai i lalo me ka halulu a me ka walaʻau. ʻO kēia ka wai wai ma waena o ka Zambezi luna a waena, ʻo ka palena o Victoria Falls.
ʻO wai ka mea i ʻike iā Victoria Falls?
Ua loaʻa ka inoa kaila o ka muliwai ʻo Zambezi mai ka mea ʻimi a Scottish a me ka mikionali ʻo David Livingston. He paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo ʻo wai ʻoi aku kona nui - he mikionali a ʻepekema noiʻi paha, akā ʻo ka mea i koe: ʻO David Livingston ka ʻEulopa mua i hiki ke hele a mamao loa ma kahi moe o kēia kahawai lōʻihi loa ʻehā ma ʻApelika, "e halihali ana i ka hoʻomana Kalikiano i nā ʻōlelo ʻeleʻele", a i ka manawa like e ʻimi nei i kēlā mau ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ʻApelika kahi i kū ʻole ai ka wāwae o kahi kanaka keʻokeʻo. A nona wale nō ke kuleana e kapa ʻia ka mea ʻike i ka Wailele ʻo Victoria.
Mai ka ʻohana Makololo kūloko, mai ka wā kahiko i hoʻonohonoho i ko lākou mau hale maʻalahi ma kahi kokoke i kahi wailele ma kapa o ka muliwai, ua aʻo ʻo Livingston ma ka ʻōlelo kūloko ka inoa o ka muliwai e like paha me Kzasambo-Waysi. Ua kaha inoa ʻo ia i kekahi mea e like me kēia ma ka palapala ʻāina: "Zambezi". No laila ua loaʻa ka inoa kūhelu o ka muliwai e hānai iā Victoria Falls ma nā palapala ʻāina āpau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi
Liʻiliʻi loa nā mokulele o ka cascade a ʻaʻohe o lākou manawa e hoʻi ai i ke kahawai a hoʻopuehu i nā kaukani kaukani kilohi i kū pono i ka lewa, e kāwili pū ʻia ana me ke ānuenue anuenue e uhi mau ana i ka wailele. Ua kaumaha wale ʻo Livingston. Ua hoʻonui ʻia paha ka manaʻo o Victoria Falls e kahi ānuenue i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻepekema mikionali ma ka wailele i ka pō mahina. Ua hiki i ka poʻe laki ke nānā aku i kēia hanana. Hana ʻia kēia ke kūlike ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka wai ma Zambezi me ka mahina piha.
ʻO kahi mahina keʻokeʻo ʻāhinahina keʻokeʻo e lana ana i ka lewa, e hoʻomālamalama ana, e like me ka ipukukui ʻuhane, ka ululāʻau hāmau, ka palahalaha o ka muliwai e ʻōniʻoniʻo ana me nā hōkū keʻokeʻo a me ka wailele e ʻū ana. A ma luna o kēia mau mea a pau e kau ana ke ānuenue multicolored, pio e like me ke kakaka me ke kakaka, me kahi wēlau e waiho kūʻē ana i ka veleʻele ʻeleʻele o ka lewa, a e luʻu i nā ʻē aʻe i nā kahe wai he nui.
A hiki kēia nani a pau i loko o 3 mau lā wale nō. ʻAʻole hiki ke koho, ʻoiai ka mālama ʻia o ka wai kiʻekiʻe ma Zambia mai Ianuali a Iulai, akā ʻo ke ānuenue pō ma ka wailele ʻaʻole ia e "komo" iki me kona ʻano pinepine.
Ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka moʻolelo o ka wailele
ʻO ka ʻepekema, ka mea nāna i ʻike nona iho a no ke koena o ka honua i nā nani kū hoʻokahi o ka wai aniani o ka muliwai ʻo Zambezi e hāʻule ana mai nā pōhaku ma Nowemapa 17, 1855, ua pūʻiwa wale ia.
- He lepo ia mai nā'ēheu o nā'ānela! Hāwanawana ʻo ia. A ua hoʻohui ʻo ia, e like me kahi Briton maoli, - E mālama ke Akua i ka Mōʻī wahine! ʻO kēia kahi i loaʻa ai i kēia cascade wai ka inoa Pelekane - Victoria Falls.
Ua kākau ʻo Livingston ma hope i kāna mau diary: "ʻO kēia wale nō ka inoa Pelekania aʻu i hāʻawi ai i kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻAinapuni ʻApelika. Akā, ʻike ke Akua, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hana i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe! "
Ua hoʻolilo ʻo Emil Golub (mea kākau mōʻaukala Czech) i mau makahiki he nui ma ke kapa o ka Zambezi, ʻoiai he mau pule wale nō ka lōʻihi o kāna hana ʻana i kēia kahawai. “ʻAi au i kona mana! - wahi a Emil Golub, - A ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke lawe i koʻu mau maka mai kēia mana. " ʻO ka hopena, i kona hōʻea ʻana i Victoria Falls i 1875, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i paʻi i kāna hoʻolālā kikoʻī a hiki i ka 1880.
ʻO ka mea pena Pelekane ʻo Thomas Baines, ka mea i hōʻea i ʻApelika, hoihoi i nā moʻolelo e pili ana i kahi mea kupaianaha kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe, pena ʻia nā kiʻi kahi i hoʻāʻo ai ʻo ia e hōʻike i ka nani kū hoʻokahi a me ka mana weliweli o ka Wailele ʻo Victoria. ʻO kēia nā kiʻi mua o ka Wailele ʻo Victoria i ʻike ʻia e ko ʻEulopa.
I kēia manawa, he mau inoa kūloko ko ka wailele. ʻEkolu a ʻoi:
- Soengo (Ānuenue).
- Chongue-Weizi (Wai Hiamoe).
- Mozi-oa-Tunya (Puhi ka hekili).
I kēia lā, ʻike ka World Heritage List ʻelua mau inoa like no ka wailele: ʻo Victoria Falls a me Mozi-oa-Tunya.
Nā ʻoiaʻiʻo hou aʻe
ʻO ka mokupuni, kahi i loaʻa ai iā David Livingston ka manawa kūpono e mahalo ai i ka hanohano o ka wailele, i kēia lā i kapa ʻia kona inoa a aia ma waenakonu o kēlā ʻāpana o ka piko o ke awāwa e pili ana i ka ʻāina ʻo Zambia. Ma Zambia, hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi pāka aupuni a puni ʻo Victoria Falls, e hāpai ana i ka inoa "aupuni" - "Uhi uwila" ("Mozi-oa-Tunya"). Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina ʻo Zimbabwe aia nō ka paka mokuna like, akā ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Victoria Falls" ("Victoria Falls").
ʻOiaʻiʻo, holoholo nā pūʻulu zebras a me nā antelope i nā panalāʻau o kēia mau puʻuhonua, hele wāwae kahi giraffe holoholona ʻāʻī lōʻihi, aia nā liona a me nā rhino, akā ʻo ka haʻaheo kūikawā o nā pāka ʻaʻole ia he holoholona, akā ʻo flora - ka Singing Forest, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Weeping Forest.
Piʻi ka helu nui loa o nā kulu liʻiliʻi o ka wailele i mau mile he nui a puni, a hoʻoheheʻe ka lepo lepo i nā kumulāʻau e ulu mau ana i ka nahele a holo mau nā "waimaka" mai iā lākou. Inā neʻe iki ʻoe mai kahi hohonu aku i mea e hoʻonui ai i ke kani o ka leo o ka wai a hoʻolohe, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i kahi kani kani, huki ʻia, e like me ka hum o kahi kaula - "mele" ka nahele. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hana ʻia kēia kani e ka lepo wai like e kau mau ana ma luna o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
He aha hou aʻe ka ʻike?
ʻO ia nō, ka wailele ponoʻī! Ma waho aʻe o ko lākou laulā kū hoʻokahi, ʻo nā pali o ka hohonu, kahi e hāʻule ai ka wai, he ʻokoʻa pū kekahi, no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he "hāʻule".
Helu hāʻule 5:
- ʻO ka maka o Diabolō... Kāhea pinepine ʻia ʻo "Cataract" a i ʻole "Font Devil". ʻO kona inoa kēia kīʻaha kūlohelohe, aia ma kahi o 70 m mai ka lihi luna o ka hohonu a ma kahi o 20 sq. m. āpana. ʻO ke kiaha pōhaku ʻololī, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hāʻule ʻana o ka wai, loaʻa iā ia ka inoa mai kahi mokupuni liʻiliʻi i kaiāulu, kahi e hana ai nā ʻohana pagan kūloko e kaumaha aku ai i kānaka. ʻO ka poʻe ʻEulopa i hōʻea ma hope o Livingstone kāhea i kēia lawelawe i nā akua ʻeleʻele "daimonio", no laila ka inoa o ka mokupuni a me ka pola. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke iho i lalo i ka wai ʻauʻau me ke kōkua o kahi alakaʻi (ka mea ʻike pono i ka ʻohana ka mea palekana loa) i mea e mahalo ai i ka ʻike maoli ʻole o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka wai mai kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 100 m, ke ʻohi nei nō ka Devil's Font i kāna hōʻiliʻili pagan, lawe iā 2- 3 mau kānaka i ka makahiki.
- Wailele nui... Ma kahi lōʻihi, ʻo kēia ka pale nui a ākea loa hoʻi o ka wai, e luʻu ana mai kahi kiʻekiʻe i ka wikiwiki o 700,000 cubic mika i kēlā me kēia minuke. I kekahi mau ʻāpana o ia wahi, ʻaʻohe manawa o ka wai e hiki aku ai i ke kahawai ʻo Batoka a, hāpai ʻia e ka makani ikaika, haki i ka lewa, ke hana nei he mau kaukani mau mano liʻiliʻi, e hana ana i ka noe. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wailele Main ma kahi o 95 m.
- ʻO Horseshoe a i ʻole Falls Falls... Kiʻekiʻe 90-93 m. Kaulana ia no ka mea mai ka manawa mai ʻOkakopa a Nowemapa e maloʻo ai ia, a i nā manawa maʻamau ʻaʻole i aniani ka nui o ka wai i ke ʻano maoli o kēia manaʻo.
- Wailele Ānuenue... ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe loa o nā hāʻule - 110 m! I kahi lā mālamalama, ʻike ʻia ke ānuenue anuenue o nā piliona e kau ana i nā kulu no nā mau mile he ʻumi, a ma aneʻi wale nō i ka mahina piha hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke ānuenue lunar.
- Paepae hikina... ʻO kēia ka hāʻule kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻelua ma 101 m. Aia nā ʻaoʻao hikina ma ka ʻaoʻao Zambian o ka Wailele ʻo Victoria.
Ua hana ʻia kekahi mau pūnaewele i mea e hiki ai ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Wailele Falls a me nā kiʻi nani he nui i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. ʻO ka Knife Blade ka mea kaulana loa. Aia ia ma ke alahaka ma luna o ka wailele holoʻokoʻa, kahi e ʻike ai ʻoe i nā Rapids Hikina, ka Caila Kukulu, a me ka maka o ka diabolō.
ʻO nā kiʻi i koe i ka hoʻomanaʻo ma hope o ke kipa ʻana iā Victoria Falls ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa iki i ka ʻōlinolino i nā manaʻo i loaʻa i ke kipa ʻana i kēia hana mana o ke ʻano. A i mea e paʻakikī ai kēia mau kiʻi i kou hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke kauoha i kahi huakaʻi lele mai kahi ʻike maka o ka manu ma luna o kahi helikopa a i ʻole, i ka kayaking a i ʻole ka waʻa waʻa.
Ma ka laulaha, ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke alahao ma 1905, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kahe o nā mākaʻikaʻi i ka wailele i 300 tausani mau kānaka i ka makahiki, eia naʻe, mai ka nānā ʻole ʻia o ka paʻa politika i nā ʻāina ʻApelika, ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia kēia kahe no 100 mau makahiki i hala.
