He paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo i nā mea kōkua kanaka ma mua o ka lio. Hiki iā lākou ke hāpai i nā kānaka a me nā ukana, kōkua i ka palau ʻana i ka ʻāina a ʻohi, hāʻawi i ka ʻiʻo a me ka waiū, ka ʻili a me ka hulu hipa. Hoʻomaka ka hana a ke kanaka me ka ʻole o nā lio i ka hapalua kenekulia i hala, ua kūʻai aku i mau hoa aloha ʻehā no nā kaʻa e pono ʻole ai ka ʻoka a me ke aloha o ka mea ʻona.
ʻO ka lio he ʻano olaola ʻōpio, a e noho nei kēia holoholona me kahi kanaka i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, hana nui nā lio i ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka. Ua piʻi aʻe ka poʻe me nā kuleana hou a me nā kuleana hou no lākou, a ua kū pono nā lio me lākou.
ʻO ke kuleana o ka lio i ke ola o ka poʻe e hoʻokūkū ʻia e kāna ʻōlelo moʻomeheu. ʻO nā lio nā huapalapala i nā kiʻi pena a me nā hana moʻokalaleo. Ua lilo nā inoa lio he nui i mau inoa home, e like me nā huaʻōlelo i ʻoi aku ka nui e like me "workhorse" a i ʻole "bitug olakino". He mau ʻōlelo hoʻohina a he ʻōlelo no ka lio. A eia nō naʻe, inā ʻoe hoihoi, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo mau i kahi mea ʻike ʻole e pili ana i nā lio.
1. Ma hea a i ka manawa hea a lilo ka lio i mau holoholona. ʻOiai, ʻaʻohe o nā ʻepekema e ʻaʻa e pane i kēlā pololei. ʻO nā noiʻi hou e hoʻohana ana i nā mea i loaʻa i ka paleontology, ke aʻo ʻana o DNA a me nā koena fossil o nā kūpuna a me nā prototypes o nā lio i hōʻike ʻole i kekahi mea. ʻO nā moʻokūʻauhau o nā lio o kēia manawa, i noho paha ma ʻAmelika a neʻe i Eurasia ma ʻō aku o ka isthmus, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kēia wā ʻo Bering Strait. Akā hiki nō i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe - ua neʻe nā huskies mai Eurasia a i ʻAmelika, no ke aha i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lio. A i ʻole he ʻōlelo penei: “Ua mālama ʻia nā lio i 5 a i ʻole 6 tausani mau makahiki i hala. Ua hana ʻia ma kahi ma waena o ka Dniester a me Altai ”. Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka palapala ʻāina, a laila "ma waena o ka Dniester a me Altai" e waiho ana i ka hapalua o ka ʻāinapuniʻole me nā ʻano o nā wahi kaiāulu a me nā kūlohelohe. ʻO ia, e like me ka ʻepekema, hiki ke mālama ʻia i kahi lio me ka likelike likelika ma nā kuahiwi, nā ʻāpana ʻāpana, nā wao akua, nā wao akua, nā ululāʻau huikau a me nā taiga. Akā ʻaʻole pono ka noiʻi ʻepekema no kēlā ʻōlelo.
2. ʻO ka hana mua loa e ola ana ma nā lio, ko lākou hānai ʻana a mālama ʻana iā lākou - "Treatise of Kikkuli". Ua kapa ʻia kona inoa ma hope o ka mea kākau a loaʻa ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ka 20 kenekulia ma ka ʻāina o Turkey i kēia manawa. Kākau ʻia nā huaʻōlelo ma nā papa pālolo i ka palapala Hittite, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke kiʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1800 - 1200 BC. e Ke hoʻoholo nei i ka ʻōlelo, he kahu hānai lio ʻo Kikkuli. Hōʻike ʻo ia ʻaʻole wale i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maoli o nā lio, akā i kā lākou papaʻai, lomilomi, haku mele ʻana a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke kāhiko ʻana. Ua mahalo ka Hittites i ke kuikahi - ua hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hale waihona puke aliʻi. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Anne Nyland wahine holo lio ʻAteteralia i ke ʻano hoʻomaʻamaʻa lio Kikkuli a ua maikaʻi no nā lio kaʻa.
3. ʻO nā lio he mea ʻāpala ʻākala. Aloha nui nā lio i ka ʻono o ka ʻākela ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hooki i ka ʻai ʻana. A ʻo nā tannins a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i loko o nā acorn he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena o ka lio, a make koke ka lio. I ka nahele hihiu, ʻaʻole e noho kokoke nā lio hihiu a me nā ʻoka ma kahi kokoke, akā kū nā pōpilikia i nā pāka aupuni. I ka 2013, ma ʻEnelani, ma New Forest National Park, ua make he mau hanana manu hānai manu ʻole. ʻO ke kumu o ka make he "ʻohi" nui o nā acorn. I nā makahiki maʻamau, ua ʻai nā puaʻa ʻāhiu e noho ana i ka pāka aupuni i nā acorn a pale i nā ponie mai hiki aku iā lākou. Akā i ka 2013 nui loa nā acorn, eia naʻe, ua "lawa" lākou no ka mahele o nā lio liʻiliʻi.
4. ʻO ka mōʻī Roma ʻo Nero he "ʻōmaʻomaʻo". ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole ia i kaua kūʻē iā carbon dioxide a pale ʻole i nā ʻano holoholona laha ʻole. ʻO "Nero" kahi ʻāpana o ka hui peʻa "ʻōmaʻomaʻo". Ke hoʻokumu nei kēia mau mea pā i nā heihei lio ma kahi hippodrome nui i kapa ʻia ʻo "Circus Maximus", a ua hōʻike ʻia ko lākou hui pū ʻana e ke kala o ko lākou lole. Ma ka liʻuliʻu, ua hoʻomaka nā mea komo, no lākou nā poʻe "kala" e hoʻomaka ana e komo i ko lākou lole ponoʻī o nā kala like. I ka manawa mua, ua hoʻokūkū nā hui me kekahi i kekahi i ka hale paʻa o ka gulp a me nā lima, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e lilo i kahi ikaika i hiki i nā luna politika ke hoʻohana i kā lākou mau makemake.
5. ʻO ka hao lio lōʻihi ʻole loa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoiai ma Helene Kahiko a me Roma Roma, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ke kola. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻauamo ma kahi o ke kola i hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka "lakio hoʻolana i ke kaupaona" o ka lio ʻehā. A ʻo ke ʻano haʻahaʻa, me he mea lā, ʻāpana o ka pale kaua, e like me nā stimrups (e kū ka wāwae ma luna o lākou), i kū ma kahi o ka 5th kenekulia AD. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka hōʻike mua loa o ke kū ʻana o nā stirrups mai ka makahiki 6 i hala. e., hōʻino loa i ke kūlana o nā mōʻaukala "kuʻuna" i nā kūkākūkā ʻana me nā kākoʻo o nā mana ʻē aʻe. Me ka ʻole o ka stimrups, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea i hoʻāʻo i kēia holo weliweli e hōʻike, paʻakikī loa e noho wale i ka noho. ʻAʻohe nīnau no ka lele, nā hakakā a me ke kahua paʻa o ka hoʻokumu ʻana. No laila, ʻo nā moʻolelo āpau e pili ana i ka armada o nā kaukini lio he nui he nui he mea ʻole he fiction. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e like me ka maʻamau o ka stimrups ʻaʻohe mea e haʻi iā lākou ʻaʻole holo pū kekahi. I Roma kahiko, i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ala, manaʻo ʻia e waiho i nā pōhaku kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke alanui i kekahi mau mamao - me ka ʻole o ke kākoʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea holo ke piʻi i loko o ka noho. E loaʻa nā stirrups - ʻaʻole pono kēia mau pōhaku.
6. ʻO Destrie, papa, hakne, palefroy a me nā inoa ʻē aʻe i hiki ke loaʻa ma nā puke e pili ana i ka wā waena ʻaʻole inoa no nā ʻano lio. ʻO kēia nā inoa o nā ʻano lio e pili ana i ke kumukānāwai. Hoʻoholo koke nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa loea no ke kumu e kūpono ai ka foal ke hele a nui. Ua momona ʻo Destrie a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ma lalo o ka noho lio o ka naita i ke kaua, ua ʻano like ka papa me nā kaʻa hakakā pēpē o kēia manawa - ma luna o lākou i hele aku ai nā mea kaua i ke kahua kaua, a ma laila lākou i hoʻohuli ʻia ai i kahi e hele aku ai. ʻO Hakne nā lio mahiʻai, haʻahaʻa ka mana, akā ʻaʻole mahalo. ʻO Palefroy he lio paʻakikī no nā huakaʻi lōʻihi. ʻO ke koho maoli ʻana me nā hānau lio i hoʻomaka e pili ana i ka hoʻokahuli ʻoihana, ke pono nā lio ikaika no ka ʻoihana, a ʻo ko lākou nui, unpretentiousness a me ka holo mālie i pau i ka hana koʻikoʻi.
7. ʻO ka Parliament of Iceland ka mea i koho ʻia i kino kino lunamakaʻāinana ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa - ua koho ʻia kāna hana mua i 930. Koho nā mamo a ka Vikings i kēlā me kēia, ʻo ka mea waiwai wale nō ka mea i hiki ke lawe aku mai Scandinavia ʻaʻole wale nā lako a me nā pono o ka hale, akā me nā lio hoʻi. I mea e mālama ai i kēia kūlana, pāpā ka Althingi i ka lawe ʻia mai o nā lio i 982. Ke mau nei ke kānāwai, a ma Iceland, i kahi e hiki ai, komo nā pūʻulu microhorses, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i nā mea mae wale e ulu i 130 cm.
8. ʻOiai ka hoʻolaha pinepine ʻana i ka mahalo no nā hiki o nā lio a me nā moʻolelo e pili ana i ka pilina kūikawā ma waena o ka lio a me ka mea holo a i ʻole ka lio a me ka mea nona, kahi maikaʻi - i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kahi lio - ʻano e pili ana iā ia ma waena o ka poʻe "civilized" kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā lio e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ka lole lole i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka "hao" i loko o kā lākou waha, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā ʻāpana metala e kaomi ma ka lepe, nā lehelehe, nā niho a me nā alelo, e koi ana iā lākou e hana i kekahi mau hana. Pau ka luhi o Racehorses i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻopiha ʻia me ka doping (me he mea lā he hakakā me ia, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia hakakā ʻana me nā mea hoʻokūkū ma mua o ke olakino holoholona). ʻOiai no kēlā mau lio e holo ai nā amateurs, he holo kaumaha kahi holo hola. Hoʻomaopopo ka hopena o nā lio pūʻali - ua make lākou i nā haneli haneli a ʻoi i nā kaua liʻiliʻi. Akā ʻoiai i ka wā maluhia, hoʻomāʻewaʻewa ʻia nā lio me ke kuko kūpono e pono ai ka hoʻohana ʻana. I ka wā o ke ʻano no ke kala "i nā ʻāpala" ua hana ʻia kēia mau ʻāpala like me ke kōkua o ke kuni - hana hou ʻia - me ka waikawa. Ua ʻokiʻoki ʻia ko lākou mau ihu i nā lio - aia kekahi ʻano no kahi ʻano piko o nā ihu, a ua manaʻo ʻia he hiki i nā lio heihei ke hanu hou i kēia ea i kēia ala. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o nā pepeiao e ka ʻoki ʻana iā lākou, a hūnā ʻia ka makahiki e ka ʻā ʻana o nā niho me kahi chisel kūikawā. A ʻo ke kiʻi kahunapule o ka pilina ma waena o ke kāne a me ka lio e wehewehe ʻia e ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole o ka hope. Inā hōʻailona ka lio i ka ʻeha, a laila hiki ʻole ke ʻeha iā ia, ʻaneʻane make.
9. Kaulana ka manaʻo ʻo ka lāhui lio ʻArabia ka mea hanohano a kahiko loa. Akā, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole i haʻi iki ʻia nā lio i ka Quran. ʻAʻohe o ko ʻArabia poʻe e noho ana ma ka ʻāpana ʻAlapia. ʻO nā koa hoʻolimalima ʻArabia hoʻi o ka Mōʻī Xerxes i holo ma nā kāmelo. Akā me ke komo ʻana o Islam a me kāna hoʻomana o ka lio, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā holoholona i hele mai i ka Peninsula Arabian mai Central a me Western Asia a kūpono i ka kaulana o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ua hāʻawi pū aku ka poʻe ʻEulopa i kā lākou mahele. I loko o nā kenekulia 18 - 19, ua manaʻo ʻia ka poʻe ʻAlapia ma ʻEulopa i ke kūpono, a ua hui pū ʻia ko lākou koko i nā ʻano hiki āpau. ʻO kahi hopena - kahi hōʻemi o ke kiʻekiʻe a 150 cm - ua ʻike ʻia he lohi.
10. ʻO ka mea a mākou i kapa ai he "bullfighting" kekahi o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o ka bipi kāne a me kahi kāne, Pipi Bipi. A aia nō he bipi kauō Pukiki. I Pokukala, hana pū kahi bipi me kahi bipi, e noho ana ma luna o kahi lio i kahi noho kūikawā - "a la jineta". ʻO ke kuleana o ka lio i ka bipi Pukiki he mea nui loa ia - ʻaʻohe kuleana o ka bipi Pukiki e hoʻouka mua. No laila, pono e holo ka lio a hulahula i mea e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ka pipi. A ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō! Hiki i kahi bipi ke hōʻeha i kahi bipi wale nō iā ia iho. ʻO ke kūpono o kahi duel ka wahī ʻana i ka bipi a hāʻule i lalo. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hakakā, luku ʻia ka bipi i mua o ka lālani o nā restaurateurs e ʻiʻini nei e lawelawe i ka ʻiʻo pīhoihoi i kā lākou mau hale, a i ʻole, i ka hihia o kahi pā kaua kūikawā, i hoʻouna ʻia i ka ʻohana.
11. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hōʻike rodeo o ʻAmelika i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he ola hou o ka mākau kahiko maikaʻi o ke kāhiko ʻana i nā lio hihiu - mustangs. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ma nā hihia āpau. Loaʻa i nā lole lole mustang maoli i nā poʻe kakaikahi ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka ikaika e kolo i ka lio, akā ʻike nō hoʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ala i ka holoholona. ʻO ka mea i hala aʻe i kēia manawa e like me ka lole, he ʻōlelo hōʻino a hoʻopunipuni. ʻAʻohe pili iki o kēia lio lio eerie i ke kahua pāʻani i ke ʻano o ka holoholona. ʻO ka lio wale nō ia, i kekahi manawa ma mua o ka hana, huki ikaika ʻia me ke kaula i ka mea e ʻokoʻa ai ka lio wahine. A ma mua pono o ka puka ʻana, huki ikaika lākou i kēia kaula. ʻO nā mea āpau āpau ka hopena o ka holoholona i ka ʻeha weliweli mai ka holo ʻana o ke koko i nā ʻāʻī o ke kino.
12. I ka honua o nā heihei, ʻo ke kumumanaʻo kanaka o ʻeono lūlū lima ke nānā aku e like me ka hoʻomāʻewaʻewa: manaʻo ʻoe, ʻike nā poʻe āpau kekahi i kekahi ma hope o nā lūlū lima ʻeono! ʻO kēia mau mea pili i ke ao holoʻokoʻa āpau i ka lūlū lima i nā lā o nā lāhui ʻEnelani ke aʻa nei no nā lio, i iho mai i nā lio ʻekolu wale nō i hānau ʻia ma waenakonu o ke kenekulia 18: Heroda (1758), Eclipse (1764) a me Matcham (1648).
13. Ua hāʻawi nui nā lio i ka hana leʻaleʻa. ʻO nā carousels mua nā mea hoʻohālikelike o nā poʻe holo. Ua noho lākou ma luna o nā lio lāʻau, kau ʻia ma luna o kahi anuu poepoe, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e paʻi i ka māka me kahi ihe i ka wā e hele ana. ʻO nā carousel mua, ʻo ia nō nā lio. ʻO ka circus mua, i hana ʻia i ka waenakonu o 18th kenekulia ma ʻEnelani e ka makuakāne a me kāna keiki ʻo Astleys, i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā hana lio. Hoʻohana wale ʻia nā mea hana keaka ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaha i nā lio. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumumanaʻo o ke kiʻi 24 no ka mea i ka 1872 ua hoʻoholo ke kiaʻāina o ka mokuʻāina ʻAmelika o Kaleponi ʻo Leland Stanford e hōʻoia i ka wā e holo ai, e hāpai ana nā wāwae o ka lio i kekahi manawa i ka manawa like. Ua kau aku kāna aikāne ʻo Edward Muybridge i nā kamera he 24 i ka lōʻihi, e nakinaki nei i kā lākou mau pale i nā pae i ku pono ʻia ma ke alanui. Ua haehae ka lio hele wāwae i ka pae - ua hana ke kāmela. Pēlā i hōʻike ʻia ai ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni mua. ʻAʻole pono nā mea aloha o nā kaikunāne Lumière e hoʻopaʻapaʻa - ka poʻokela o ke kiʻi Pelekane mua loa he pony. Eia naʻe, ua nele ka hopena o ka holo o ka lio, no laila no ka hōʻike mua o kā lākou mea i hana ai, ua koho nā kaikunāne Lumiere i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "The Arrival of the Train".
14. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka Moana ʻAkelanika ma waena o 30 a 35 mau kaulike ma ka latitu ʻākau i kekahi manawa e kapa ʻia e nā luina he "latitude equine". I kēia mau latitude, pinepine nā anticyclones kūpaʻa i ke kauwela - nā expanes nui o ka mālie. ʻO ka holo ʻana o nā moku e holo ana mai ʻEulopa a ʻAmelika i makaʻu i ka paʻa ʻana i kēia mau latitude no kekahi mau pule. Inā kū kēia, ua lilo ka pilikia o ka wai i mea koʻikoʻi. I kēia hihia, ʻo nā lio i lawe ʻia i ka Honua Hou i kiola ʻia i ka moana - make koke nā lio me ka wai ʻole. Ua hānau ʻia kahi kaʻao no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona e hoʻohou ma ʻAmelika no ka lio i kēlā manawa me nā lio i haʻalele ʻia a hiki i ke kahakai.
15. ʻO ka mea lanakila kaulana ʻo Fernando Cortez i ka makahiki 1524 i haʻalele i ka ʻāina ʻo Mekiko i kēia mau lā e mākaʻikaʻi i nā ʻāina hou, kokoke i kahi o Honduras o kēia manawa. Ke hoʻi nei i kēia manawa, ua hōʻeha kekahi o nā lio o kāna kaʻahua i kona wāwae. Ua waiho ʻo Cortez iā ia me ke alakaʻi kūloko, e hoʻohiki ana e hoʻi no nā holoholona. Ua makaʻu ka poʻe ʻInia i nā lio ma mua o ka poʻe keʻokeʻo, no laila ʻo El Morsillo - ʻo ia ka inoa kapakapa o ka lio pōmaikaʻi - i mālama ʻia me ka mahalo nui. Ua hānai wale ʻia ʻo ia i kaʻiʻo palai a me nā hua exotic. ʻO ia ʻano papaʻai, ʻo ia nō, hoʻouna koke iā El Morsillo i kahi paradaiso lio. Ua hana nā Indians makaʻu i kahi kope ola o ka lio a hoʻāʻo i nā ala āpau e ʻoluʻolu iā ia. I ka makahiki 1617, ua hōʻoki nā mōneka i ʻAmelika e hāpai i ka ʻōlelo a ke Akua, a haki i ke kiʻi, a ma hope o ka hiki ʻole iā lākou ke hele aku mai nā ʻInia huhū i ka wā kapu. A mālama ʻia ke koena o kahi lio i loko o nā luakini India i ka 18 kenekulia.
16. Loaʻa i nā lio ko lākou maʻi palū ponoʻī, kahi e hele ai me nā ʻōuli like o ke kanaka flu - hoʻomohala nā holoholona i ka fiva a ulu a nāwaliwali hoʻi, ʻeha nā lio i nā ʻūhā, ka ihu ihu a me ka ʻū ʻana. I ka 1872 - 1873 i kupu mai kahi pilikia hoʻokele waiwai ma United States ma muli o ka maʻi maʻi equine. Ua pili ka maʻi palū i ʻekolu hapahā o nā lio a pau, a ua maʻi lōlō nā halihali holoʻokoʻa āpau. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka nui o ke kino make, ʻoiai e like me ke koho nui ʻana, ma 10% ka nui. A laila ka hapa nui o kēia helu he mau lio, a, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka Lūkini ʻōlelo, ua make i ka hana. ʻAʻole hiki i nā holoholona nāwaliwali ke hana me ka ikaika piha a make pono i ka pale kaua.
17. ʻO kekahi o nā punahele a Catherine II a me ka mea hiki paha ke pepehi kanaka iā Peter III, ʻo Alexei Orlov, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole wale no kona komo ʻana i ka loli o ka mōʻī, ka lanakila ma ke kaua ʻo Chesme a me ke kāʻili ʻia ʻana o ke Kamāliʻiwahine Tarakanova. ʻO Orlov kekahi mea hoʻoulu lio makemake nui. Ma kona ʻāina kokoke i Voronezh, hānai ʻo ia i ka trotter Orlov a me nā Lio Lūkini. ʻO ka mea hoʻokumu i ka trotter breed, Smetanka, i kūʻai ʻia no kahi 60,000 rubles he nui. ʻAʻohe kumu o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o Smetanka me nā lio maʻamau, nona nā ʻelele makamae e kūʻai aku nei no nā rubles he ʻumi. Eia kahi kiʻi hoʻohālikelike: i ka makahiki i kūʻai ʻia ai ka lio, ua loaʻa ka 25,000 rubles i ka ʻoihana hana lio a ka mokuʻāina holoʻokoʻa. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i noho nā lio o ka moku'āina me ka ʻole o ka mauʻu a me nā ʻoka, ʻo ka pūʻali koa lio ke kī o ke kūleʻa o ka pūʻali koa, a ua aneane hoʻomau ka hakakā ʻana o Rūsia. A ma kēia hoʻokele waiwai holoʻokoʻa o nā kaukani mau poʻo, ua hoʻohana nā limahana lawelawe a me ka hoʻokele i 2.5 mau manawa ma lalo o ka makahiki ma mua o ke kumukūʻai o kahi lio kiʻekiʻe. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia nā koina no Smetanka. Ua hina koke ʻo ia - mai ka aniau wale nō, a haki paha i kona poʻo ma kahi kīʻaha inu (e like me ke kau koke ʻana o ke kaʻaahi i nānā ʻia iā ia iho). Eia naʻe, mai ka lio lio, 4 kāne a me 1 mau keiki wahine i koe. A mai kēia mea liʻiliʻi a Orlov i hoʻokele i ka hopena o kahi lāhui lehulehu i kūleʻa ʻia.
18. ʻO ka Lūkia "troika" kaulana kahi hana hou loa. Ma ʻEulopa a ma Rūsia, lawe ʻia ke kaʻa e hoʻokahi lio, a i ʻole pālua ʻia nā kime. Ua loaʻa ka kaulana o ka "troika" i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 19. ʻO kēlā mea hao e koi nui ana i nā ʻano o nā lio a me ke akamai o ke kaʻa.ʻO ke kumu o ka "troika" ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao, ka lio hoʻokamakama ʻana, e like me ka lawe ʻana, kākoʻo i ke aʻa, e ʻae iā ia e hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki. I kēia hihia, holo ka lio aʻa i ke ala, a me nā holo lio e hele ana. Ua hana ʻo "Troika" i kahi manaʻo nui loa i nā haole i hāʻawi ʻia e nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke aupuni Soviet iā lākou i mau manawa i ka wā e kipa aku ai i nā ʻāina ʻē. ʻO kekahi ʻelele o kahi mokuʻāina ʻē e waiho ana iā Rūsia i loko o kahi troika, a ua huakaʻi kāna poʻe holoholo i 130 mile i kēlā lā i kēia lā - kahi wikiwiki mua loa no Rūsia ma 1812. E pili ana iā Napoleon Bonaparte, ka mea wale nō a ka "troika" i kōkua ai e lele i ke alualu ʻana o nā Cossacks.
19. Ua kapa mau ʻia ke Kaua Honua Honua "ke kaua o nā motera" - ʻōlelo lākou, ʻaʻole like me ke Kaua Honua Mua, ke kumu kūʻai o nā lio he nui aku. ʻO ka pūʻali koa iā lākou iho i ka 1930 mau makahiki i manaʻoʻiʻo i ka pūʻali koa lio a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā lio i ka hoʻouka kaua, inā ʻaʻole i pau ʻole, kokoke loa i kēia. Akā ua hiki mai ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, a ua hoʻololi ʻia me ka ʻole o nā lio i ke kaua o kēia ao, ʻaʻole ma hea. I ka Soviet Union wale nō, 3 miliona mau lio i hakakā. ʻO kekahi mau lio i kū like i loko o ka Wehrmacht, akā i kēia helu pono e hoʻohui ʻia i ka pūʻali koa lio o nā hui lehulehu a Hitler. A ʻaʻole lawa nā lio a me nā holo lio. Me nā mīkini a pau o ka pūʻali koa Kelemania, 90% o ka pahu i loko e lawe ʻia e nā lio. A ua manaʻo nā luna Kelemania i ka hemo ʻana o nā mahele kaua lio kekahi o nā hewa nui.
20. Nui nā lio i make i ke kaua, akā aneane he nui nā pōʻino i kau ʻia ma ka hānau lio o Soviet i nā makahiki 1950. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a N. Khrushchev, hana ʻia nā hana hou he nui i ka manawa like i kekahi manawa a overlap a hāʻawi i kahi hopena synergistic. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, i kēlā mau makahiki he ikaika a hoʻēmi ʻole ka pūʻali, a ua kanu ʻia ke kulina e like me ka ʻeleu a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole. ʻAʻole makemake nui ka pūʻali koa ʻaʻole wale he mau haneli haneli o nā luna, akā ʻo nā pūʻali koa koa - ua loaʻa iā Nikita Sergeevich missile. No laila, ʻaʻole ka poʻe wale nō, akā, ua hōʻemi ʻia hoʻi nā lio mai ka pūʻali koa. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili hapa ʻia i nā mea kanu hānau, kahi ʻāpana i ka mahiʻai - ʻo ka ʻike o nā hoʻoponopono i ka huli ʻana o ka 20 a me ka 21 mau kenekulia i hōʻike ʻia aia nō he hana no nā lio ma kuaʻāina. Akā ʻo nā lio, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, pono e hānai ʻia i nā ʻō. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻonui loa i ka wahi i lūlū ʻia no nā ʻoka - ʻoiai ua kanu ʻia nā kope āpau me ka palaoa. A hoʻokomo maoli ʻia nā lio ma lalo o ka pahi. ʻAe, lawe loa ʻia lākou a ʻo nā kamaʻāina o kekahi mau mahiʻai hānai i loaʻa ma lalo o ka lima wela o nā mea hoʻoponopono - ua pani ʻia kekahi mau hale hana.
