ʻO Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev - Lūkini ʻepekema, chemist, physicist, metrologist, economist, technologist, geologist, meteorologist, oilman, kumu, aeronaut a me ka mea hana mea kani. ʻO ka lālā pili like o ka Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Science. Ma waena o nā mea i ʻike nui ʻia ke kānāwai kau o nā mea kemika (e ʻike i nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka kemika).
ʻO ka biography o Dmitry Mendeleev piha i nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i kona ola pilikino a me ka ʻepekema.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Mendeleev.
Kawaihae o Dmitry Mendeleev
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Dmitry Mendeleev ma Ianuali 27 (Pepeluali 8) 1834 ma Tobolsk. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana o ʻIvana Pavlovich, ka luna o kekahi mau kula ʻo Tobolsk. I nā 1840, ua lawe pio ʻo Mendeleev Sr. i Decembrists i lawe pio ʻia i loko o kona hale.
ʻO ka makuahine o Dmitry, ʻo Maria Dmitrievna, kahi wahine aʻo i pili i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki. I ka ʻohana Mendeleev, hānau ʻia he 14 mau keiki (e like me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe 17), kahi o ka muli loa ʻo Dmitry. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he 8 mau keiki i make i ka wā kamaliʻi.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I ka hala ʻana o 10 mau makahiki o Mendeleev, ua nalowale kona makuakāne, ua nalowale kona mau maka ma mua koke o kona make ʻana.
ʻO kēia ka nalo mua loa i ka biography o ka ʻepekema e hiki mai ana.
I loko o kāna mau aʻo ʻana ma ka hale haʻuki, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ʻo Dmitry i ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano ʻoihana maikaʻi, ke loaʻa nei nā mākala mediocre i nā ʻano hoʻopaʻi he nui. ʻO kekahi o nā kumuhana paʻakikī nona ka Latin.
Akā naʻe, ua kōkua kona makuahine i ke keikikāne e hoʻomohala i ke aloha i ka ʻepekema, a nāna ʻo ia i lawe iā ia e aʻo ma St.
I ka makahiki 16, ua kūleʻa ʻo Dmitry Mendeleev i nā hoʻokolohua ma ka Main Pedagogical Institute ma ke Keʻena ʻo Natural Science of Physics and Matematika.
I kēia manawa, hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ke kanaka ʻōpio a paʻi pū i kahi ʻatikala "On isomorphism." A ʻo kahi hopena, puka ʻo ia mai ke kula me nā hanohano.
Ka ʻepekema
I 1855, ua koho ʻia ʻo Dmitry Mendeleev i kumu kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻepekema kūlohelohe ma ka hale haʻuki kāne Simferopol. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana ma aneʻi ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki, neʻe ʻo ia i Odessa, kahi i loaʻa ai kāna hana ma ke ʻano he kumu ma ka lyceum.
A laila pale aku ʻo Mendeleev i kāna pepa no ke kumuhana "Ke ʻano o nā pūna silica", i ʻae iā ia e haʻi ʻōlelo. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua pale aku ʻo ia i kahi puke ʻē aʻe a ua koho ʻia ʻo ia ke kākoʻo polopeka o ke kulanui.
I ka makahiki 1859 ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Dmitry Ivanovich i Kelemānia. Ma laila ʻo ia i hoʻopaʻa ai i nā wai capillary, a ua paʻi ʻia kekahi mau ʻatikala ʻepekema e pili ana i nā kumuhana like ʻole. Ma hope o 2 mau makahiki, hoʻi ʻo ia i St.
I ka makahiki 1861 ua paʻi ʻo Mendeleev i ka puke puke "Organic Chemistry", no ia mea ua loaʻa iā ia ka Makana Demidov.
I kēlā me kēia lā i loaʻa i ka kaulana o ka ʻepekema Lūkini nā ʻāpana nui aʻe. I ka makahiki 30, ua lilo ʻo ia i polopeka, a ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki ʻelua ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i poʻo no ka ʻohana.
I loko o kēia wā o kāna moʻomeheu, ua hana ʻo Dmitry Mendeleev i nā hana aʻo, a ua hana ikaika hoʻi ma "Fundamentals of Chemistry". I ka 1869, ua hoʻolauna ʻo ia i ka papa manawa o nā mea i ka honua ʻepekema, nāna i hōʻike iā ia i ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
I ka manawa mua, loaʻa i ka papa ʻaina kau ka nui mūtoma o 9 wale nō mau mea. Ma hope, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi hui o nā kinoea hanohano iā ia. I ka pākaukau, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā keena hakahaka no nā mea i wehe ʻole ʻia.
I nā makahiki 1890, ua hāʻawi nui ka ʻepekema i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hanana e like me ka radioactivity. Ua aʻo a hoʻomohala ʻo ia i ke kumumanaʻo hydration o nā hopena me ka hoihoi.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hoihoi ʻo Mendeleev i ke aʻo ʻana i ka lahilahi o nā kinoea, ma muli o kahi hopena i hiki ai iā ia ke kiʻi i ka hoʻohālikelike o kahi kinoea maikaʻi.
I kēlā manawa i kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua hoʻomohala ka chemist i kahi ʻōnaehana no ka distillation hakina o nā huahana aila, me ka hoʻohana ʻia o nā pahu wai a me nā paipu. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole hana hou ʻia ka hoʻāhu ʻaila i nā kapuahi.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopuka ʻo Mendeleev i kāna huaʻōlelo kaulana: "ʻO ka aila kuni mea like me ka stoking ʻana i ke kapuahi me nā peʻa pepa."
ʻO kā Dmitry Ivanovich wahi hoihoi e pili pū ana i ka palapala ʻāina. Ua hana ʻo ia i kahi barometer-altimeter ʻokoʻa, i hōʻike ʻia ma kekahi o nā ʻaha ʻāina ma Palani.
He pīhoihoi ia i ka makahiki 53, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻepekema e komo i kahi lele baluna i ka lewa o luna no ka nānā ʻana i ka huina o ka lā.
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hakakā koʻikoʻi ʻo Mendeleev me kekahi o nā luna koʻikoʻi. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e haʻalele i ke kulanui.
Ma 1892 ua hoʻokumu ʻo Dmitry Mendeleev i ka ʻenehana no ka huki ʻana i ka pauka pau ʻole. I ka like pū me kēia, ua hana ʻo ia i ka helu ʻana i nā kūlana ana o Lūkia a me ʻEnelani. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, me kāna waiho ʻana, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka ʻōnaehana metric o nā ana.
Ma ka moʻolelo o 1905-1907. Koho ʻia ʻo Mendeleev i moho no ka Nobel Prize. Ma 1906, ua hāʻawi ke Kōmike Nobel i ka makana i kahi ʻepekema Lūkia, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ka Royal Sweden Academy of Science i kēia hoʻoholo.
I loko o nā makahiki o kona ola, ua paʻi ʻo Dmitry Mendeleev ma luna o 1,500 mau hana. No kāna kōkua nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema honua, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia nā makana hanohano a me nā poʻo inoa.
Ua lilo pinepine ka chemist i lālā hanohano o nā ʻepekema ʻepekema ʻelua ma Lūkia a me nā ʻāina ʻē.
Ke ola pilikino
I kona wā ʻōpio, ua hui ʻo Dmitry me kahi kaikamahine ʻo Sophia, ka mea āna i ʻike ai mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Ma hope, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻōpio e mare, akā ma mua iki o ka male ʻana, hōʻole ke kaikamahine e iho i ke ala. Manaʻo ka wahine ʻaʻole pono ke hoʻololi i kekahi mea i ke ola inā nani ʻo ia.
Ma hope ua hoʻomaka ʻo Mendeleev e kiaʻi iā Feozva Leshcheva, ka mea āna i ʻike pū ai mai ka wā kamaliʻi. ʻO ka hopena, ua male lāua ma 1862, a i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana he kaikamahine kā lāua, ʻo Maria.
Ma hope o kēlā, loaʻa iā lākou kahi keikikāne, ʻo Vladimir, a me kāna kaikamahine, ʻo Olga.
Aloha ʻo Dmitry Mendeleev i nā keiki, eia naʻe, ma muli o kāna hana nui, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i ka manawa nui iā lākou. He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole paʻakikī kēia male.
I ka makahiki 1876 ua hoihoi ʻo Mendeleev iā Anna Popova. I kēlā manawa, ua piha ke kāne i ka 42 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo 16 mau makahiki o kāna mea aloha. Ua hui ka mea kime i ke kaikamahine i ka "Pōʻalima ʻōpio" e hiki mai ana, nāna i hoʻonohonoho i loko o kona hale.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi loa ʻo ia mau hālāwai Pōʻalima i hele pinepine ʻia e nā mea kaulana, e like me Ilya Repin, Arkhip Kuindzhi, ʻIvan Shishkin a me nā kiʻi moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe.
Ua ʻae ʻo Dmitry lāua ʻo Anna i ko lāua pilina ma 1881. I kēia male ʻana, he kaikamahine kā lāua, ʻo Lyubov, he keikikāne, ʻo ʻIvana, a me nā māhoe, ʻo Vasily lāua ʻo Maria. Me kāna wahine lua, ua aʻo hope ʻo Mendeleev i nā leʻaleʻa a pau o ke ola male.
Ma hope, ua lilo ka haku mele ʻo Alexander Blok i hūnōna kāne na Mendeleev, nāna i male kāna kaikamahine ʻo Lyubov.
Make
I ka hoʻoilo o 1907, i ka manawa o kahi hālāwai ʻoihana me ke Kuhina o ʻOihana, Dmitry Filosofov, ua loaʻa ʻo Mendeleev i ke anuanu maikaʻi ʻole. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua ulu ke anu i pneumonia, ka mea i make i ka ʻepekema nui Lūkini.
Ua make ʻo Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev ma Ianuali 20 (Pepeluali 2), 1907 i ka makahiki 72.
He mau makahiki he mau makahiki ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka chemist, ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea hou ma ka helu 101 i ka papa manawa, i kapa ʻia kona inoa - Mendelevium (Md).
