ʻO ke kenekulia 18 he kenekulia o ka loli. Ua ʻike ʻia ka Great French Revolution ma ke ʻano he hanana nui o ke kenekulia, akā hiki i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Russia ma ke ʻano he Emepaea, ke hoʻokumu ʻana o Great Britain a i ʻole ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kūʻokoʻa US ma muli o nā hanana liʻiliʻi? I ka hopena, ua hoʻokau ka French Revolution i kahi fizz ma mua o ka hopena o ke kenekulia, a ua hui wiwo ʻole ʻo Russia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā ʻāina alakaʻi o ka honua.
Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hala i ke kipi hanahana? Ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18, ua holo a piha nā ʻenekini mahu, nā loom a me nā kapuahi i pahū, i hoʻoholo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana no hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki ma mua. I ka hana noʻeau, aia kahi paio hahana ma waena o ka akademismism, classicism a me ka baroque hou a me ka rococo. Hānau ʻia nā Masterpieces i ka paio o nā hana noʻeau. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka manaʻo Philosophical a me nā palapala, ka mea i hōʻailona i ka hoʻomaka o ke Au o ka Malamalama.
ʻO ka kenekulia 18, ma ke ʻano nui, hoihoi i nā ʻano āpau. ʻOiai ʻaʻole paha e kaʻana like ʻia kā mākou hoihoi e ka mōʻī Palani ʻo Louis XVI, ka mea i ola ʻole e ʻike i ke kenekulia hou ʻehiku mau makahiki wale nō ...
1. I Ianuali 21, 1793, he kamaʻāina ʻo Louis Capet, i ʻike ʻia ma mua ʻo King Louis XVI o Palani, i guillotined ma ka Place de la Revolution ma Palisa. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻokō ʻia o ka mōʻī e kūpono i ka repubalika ʻōpio. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Louis i ʻAukake 1792, a ua hoʻomaka ka Great French Revolution me ka holomua o ka Bastille i Iulai 14, 1789.
2. I ka makahiki 1707, ma o ka ʻaelike like ʻana, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā hoa aloha o Sekotia a me nā lālā o ka Hale o Komite i ko lākou pāremaka a hui pū me ka ʻahaʻōlelo ʻEnelani Pēlā i pau ai ka hoʻohui ʻana o Sekotia a me ʻEnelani i hoʻokahi aupuni o Pelekane Nui.
3. ʻOkakopa 22, 1721 Ua ʻae ʻo Tsar Peter I i ka noi a ka Senate a lilo i emepera o ka Lūkini Aupuni. ʻO ke kūlana kulekele ʻē aʻe o Rūsia ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana ma luna o ke aupuni Suedena mana nui, ʻaʻole like kekahi mea o ka honua i pūʻiwa i ka puka ʻana o kahi aupuni hou.
4. ʻEiwa mau makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Lūkia o nā Aupuni, ua neʻe ʻo Peter i ke kapikala mai Moscow a i Peteroboro hou i kūkulu ʻia. Ua lawelawe ke kūlanakauhale ma ke kapikala a hiki i 1918.
5. I ke kenekulia 18, ʻike ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ka palapala ʻāina politika o ka honua. Ma ke kūlana maʻamau, hoʻi nā United States i Iulai 4, 1776. Eia naʻe, ua kau inoa wale kēia i ka Declaration of Independence. ʻO ka mokuʻāina hou i hoʻokumu ʻia e hōʻoia i kona waiwai i ke kaua me ka ʻāina makuahine, ka mea i hana maikaʻi ʻia me ke kōkua o Rūsia a me Palani. 
6. Akā ʻo Polani, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua kauoha ʻia e ola lōʻihi i ke kenekulia 18. ʻO nā haku, he poʻe kūʻokoʻa i ke aloha kūʻokoʻa, ua maʻi nui lākou i nā ʻōlelo pili e pono ai ka Commonwealth e hoʻomanawanui i nā ʻāpana ʻekolu. ʻO ka hope loa o lākou i ka 1795 i hoʻopau i ka mokuʻāina Polani.
7. I ka makahiki 1773, ua hoʻopau ʻo Pope Clement XIV i ke kauoha Jesuit. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻiliʻili nā kaikunāne i nā waiwai neʻe a neʻe ʻole, no laila nā mōʻī o nā ʻāina Katolika, e manaʻo ana e loaʻa kālā, ua hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe Jesuits i nā hewa make āpau. Ua hōʻike hou ka mōʻaukala o nā Temepela iā ia iho i kahi ʻano momona.
8. I ke kenekulia 18, ua kaua ʻo Lūkia i ka Ottoman Empire ʻehā mau manawa. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻāina mua o Crimea i hana ʻia ma hope o ke kolu o kēia mau kaua. ʻO Turkey, e like me ka mea maʻamau, ua kaua me ke kākoʻo o nā mana ʻEulopa.
9. I ka makahiki 1733 - 1743, i loko o kekahi mau huakaʻi huakaʻi, ua mākaʻikaʻi a mākaʻikaʻi nā mākaʻikaʻi Lūkini i nā panalāʻau nui o ka Moana Arctic, Kamchatka, nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril a me Iapana, a ua hōʻea pū nō hoʻi i ke kapakai o ʻAkau ʻAmelika.
10. ʻO Kina, ka mea i lilo i mokuʻāina ikaika loa ma ʻAsia, a pani mālie ʻo ia iā ia iho mai ka honua i waho. ʻAʻole i ʻae ka "Iron Curtain" i ka mana 18th i nā poʻe ʻEulopa e komo i ka panalāʻau o Kina, a ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu i kā lākou poʻe i nā mokupuni kahakai.
11. ʻO ke kaua o 1756 - 1763, a i kapa ʻia hoʻi ma hope he ʻehiku mau makahiki, hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia ʻo ke Kaua Honua Mua. Ua komo koke nā mea pāʻani a pau o ʻEulopa a me nā Indians ʻAmelika i ka hakakā ma waena o ʻAukekulia a me Prussia. Ua hakakā lākou ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika, Pilipine a me India. I ke kaua i pau me ka lanakila o Prussia, a make he ʻelua miliona mau kānaka, a ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā mea i hōʻino ʻia he poʻe kīwila.
12. ʻO Thomas Newcomen ke kumu o ka ʻenekini mahu ʻenehana mua. He kaumaha a hewa ʻole hoʻi ka ʻenekini mahu o Newcomen, akā no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 18 he holomua ia. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mīkini e hoʻohana i kaʻu mau pump. Ma kahi o 1,500 mau ʻenekini mahu i kūkulu ʻia, he ʻumikūmālua mau pulina wai i hoʻokuʻu i kaʻu wai i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20.
13. Ua ʻoi aku ka pōmaikaʻi o James Watt ma mua o Newcomen. Kūkulu pū ʻo ia i kahi ʻenekini mahuʻoi aku i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a ua ola ʻole kona inoa i ka inoa o ka mana.
14. Kupaianaha ka holomua o ka ʻoihana lole. Ua kūkulu ʻo James Hargreaves i kahi huila wili mīkini pono ma 1765 a i ka hopena o ke kenekulia aia he 150 mau hale hana lole nui ma ʻEnelani.
15. I Lūkia, i ka makahiki 1773, ua ala aʻe ke ala ʻana o ka poʻe Cossacks a me ka poʻe mahiʻai ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Yemelyan Pugachev, a ulu koke aʻe ia i kaua nui. Ua hiki ke kāohi i ke ala ʻana me ke kōkua o nā pūʻali koa maʻamau a hāʻawi i ka piko o ka poʻe kipi. 
16. Kūlike ʻole i ka kuhi hewa nui ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o Peter I, ʻaʻole i hakakā ʻo Suedena me kekahi a lilo i ʻāina kūleʻa kūleʻa, kaua ʻelua ʻo Suedena me Rūsia. ʻAʻole i pau nā kaua ʻelua i nā mea no nā Suedena - ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa hou ka mea i nalowale. ʻO nā manawa ʻelua i kākoʻo nui ʻia nā Scandinavia e Great Britain.
17. I ka makahiki 1769-1673 hiki mai ka wī ma India. ʻAʻole ia ma muli o kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi ʻole, akā na ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kūʻai nā luna o ka East India Company i nā meaʻai mai nā India ma nā monopoli haʻahaʻa kumukūʻai. Ua hiolo ka mahiʻai, a ua make ka poʻe miliona he 10 miliona.
18. Ua hoʻokele ʻo 8 mau aliʻi kiʻekiʻe e kipa aku i ka noho aliʻi o ka Lūkini Aupuni i nā makahiki he 79 o ke kenekulia 18. Ua nānā nā mōʻī i ka like kāne kāne: ua lei ka lei aliʻi e 4 mau ʻemepela a me 4 mau ʻemepela.
19. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 18 i ka hana noʻeau i hala ma lalo o ka hōʻailona o ke kaila baroque, i ka lua o ka hapalua i loaʻa ka kaulana i ka rococo. E waiho maʻalahi, ʻo ka māmā a me ka frivolity ua pani i ka hoʻohālikelike kaumaha o ka waiwai a me ka waiwai. 
Baroque 
ʻO Rococo
20. I ke kenekulia 18, ua paʻi ʻia nā puke e like me Gulliver's Travels (Jonathan Swift), Robinson Crusoe (Daniel Defoe) a me The Marriage of Figaro (Beaumarchais). Ke hekili nei ʻo Diderot, Voltaire a me Rousseau ma Palani, Goethe a me Schiller ma Kelemania.
21. I ka makahiki 1764 ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Herm Herman ma St. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o ka hale hōʻikeʻike, i hoʻomaka e like me ka hōʻiliʻili pilikino o Catherine II, ulu ulu ʻoi loa i ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻelua mau hale hou e kūkulu ʻia (ʻaʻohe hoʻomākeʻaka, ʻaneʻane 4,000 mau kiʻi pena), a ua lilo ka Hermitage i hale hōʻikeʻike nui loa.
22. Ua pau ka moʻolelo ʻo 33 mau makahiki o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka hale pule ʻo St. Paul ma Lādana. Ua wehe ʻia ka wehe ʻana i ka lā hānau o ke aliʻi nui ʻo Christopher Wren ma ʻOkakopa 20, 1708.
23. Ua hoʻomaka ka Pelekania, a ʻoi aku paha, ʻo ka poʻe Pelekania i kēia manawa e noho kolone i Australia. ʻAʻole ʻae hou nā ʻAmelika kipi i nā lawehala, a ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia nā hale paʻahao o ke kūlanakauhale nui me kahi maʻamau maʻamau. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Sydney ma ke kapakai hikina o ʻAukekulelia i ka makahiki 1788 e hoʻolei i ka mākaʻi o ka lawehala.
24. ʻO 5 mau haku mele ʻoi loa o ke kenekulia 18: Bach, Mozart, Handel, Gluck a me Haydn. ʻEkolu mau Kelemania a me ʻelua mau Austrian - ʻaʻohe ʻōlelo e pili ana i "nā lāhui mele".
25. ʻO ka nele o ka maʻemaʻe i kēlā mau makahiki i lilo i kamaʻilio o ke kaona. Ua hoʻopau ka kenekulia 18 i nā kika - mercury! ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻomake make ʻo mercury i nā kolo. A ma hope iki, a me kā lākou mau mea lawe ma mua.
26. ʻO ka mīkini Lūkini ʻo Andrey Nartov i ka makahiki 1717 i hana i ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe. Ma hope o kona make ʻana, poina ʻia ka mea hou, a i kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ke kanaka Pelekane Maudsley ka mea nāna i hana.
27. Ua hāʻawi mai nā kenekulia 18 iā mākou i kahi uila uila, kahi capacitor, uila uila, a me kahi keleka uila. ʻO ka lua mua me kahi flush kahi e lele ai mai ka 18th, e like me ka mokuahi mua.
28. I ka makahiki 1783, ua lele aku nā kaikuaʻana Montgolfier i ko lākou lele lele mua. Ua piholo kahi kāne ma lalo o ka wai ma mua o kona kū ʻana i ka lewa - ua bele ʻia ka bele luʻu i 1717.
29. Ua waiwai ke kenekulia i nā mea i loaʻa i ke kemika. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hydrogen, oxygen a me tartaric acid. Ua ʻike ʻo Lavoisier i ke kānāwai no ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o nā mea. ʻAʻole nō i hoʻonele nā Astronomers i ka manawa: Ua hōʻoia ʻo Lomonosov he lewa ko Venus, ua wānana ʻia e Michell i ke kū ʻana o nā lua ʻeleʻele, a ua ʻike ʻo Halley i ka neʻe ʻana o nā hōkū.
30. Pau ke kenekulia i ka hōʻailona me ka mea i ka makahiki 1799 ua hoʻopuehu ʻo Napoleon Bonaparte i nā kino lunamakaʻāinana ma Palani. ʻO ka ʻāina ma hope o ka hoʻokahe koko weliweli i hoʻi hou i ka mōʻī mōʻī. Ua hoʻolaha kūkala ʻia ia ma 1804.
