I ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua huli ka haʻuki mai ke ʻano o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka manawa leʻaleʻa no kekahi poʻe i wae ʻia i ʻoihana nui. I loko o kahi manawa pōkole mōʻaukala, ua lilo nā hanana haʻuki i mau hōʻike elaborate, e ʻumeʻume ana he ʻumi tausani mau mea nānā i nā kahua pāʻani a me nā kahua haʻuki a me nā haneli miliona ma nā kīwī kīwī.
He kaumaha ia no kēia hanana ʻana i kū i ke kāʻei kua o kahi kūkā ʻole hua ʻole a mae ʻole e pili ana i kahi leʻaleʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi: amateur a ʻoihana paha. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a ʻoki ʻia nā mea pāʻani, e like me nā bipi wahine ʻāpala - he amateurs maʻemaʻe kēia a me ka ʻona, nona ka talena e ʻae ai e hoʻopaʻa i nā moʻolelo o ka honua, hoʻomaha iki ʻole ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana i ka hale hana, a i ʻole nā ʻoihana ʻino i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka doping nāna i hoʻonohonoho i nā moʻolelo i ka makaʻu o nalowale kahi ʻāpana berena
Lohe mau ʻia nā leo ʻoi loa. Eia naʻe, ua noho lākou he leo e uē ana i ka wao nahele. I ka makahiki 1964, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kekahi o nā lālā o ka IOC i loko o kahi hōʻike kūhelu ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi kanaka ke hoʻolilo i 1,600 mau hola i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ikaika ke hana pono i nā hana ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻolohe lākou iā ia a hoʻoholo: ʻo ka ʻae ʻana i nā lakohana mai nā mea kākoʻo he ʻano uku e hoʻolilo i ka ʻaʻa i ʻano ʻoihana.
Ua hōʻike ke ola i ka ʻae ʻole ʻia o ka idealism maemae. I nā makahiki 1980, ʻae ʻia ka poʻe loea e komo i ka ʻĀlapa, a i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki i neʻe ka laina ma waena o nā amateur a me nā loea i kahi e pono ai. Hoʻokūkū ka poʻe loea i kekahi me kekahi, a pāʻani hoʻi kā lākou amateurs hoʻouluulu i nā haʻuki no ka pīhoihoi a i ʻole nā pono olakino.
1. Ua kū pololei ka poʻe haʻuki ʻoihana i ka wā i hōʻike ʻia ai nā hoʻokūkū mua, ma ka liʻiliʻi e like me nā haʻuki, me nā hoʻokūkū paʻa mau. ʻAʻole i hoʻohanohano wale ʻia nā poʻokela 'Olumepika ma Helene Kahiko. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka home, nā makana makamae, mālama ʻia i loko o ka wā ma waena o nā Pāʻani 'Olumepika, no ka mea ua hoʻonani ka champion i ke kūlanakauhale holoʻokoʻa. Ua ʻākoakoa hou ke koa Poʻokela Olumepika ʻo Guy Appuleius Diocle i ka like o $ 15 biliona i kēia lā i kāna ʻoihana haʻuki i ka kenekulia 2 AD. A ʻo wai, inā ʻaʻole nā ʻōlapa ʻoihana, nā gladiators Roma? ʻO lākou, i kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo kaulana, make kakaikahi loa - he aha ke kiko o ka mea nāna ka luku ʻana i nā waiwai makamae i kahi duel make. I ka hana ʻana i ke kahua pāʻani, ua loaʻa i nā gladiators kā lākou uku a hele aku e hoʻolauleʻa iā ia, e leʻaleʻa nei i ka makemake nui i waena o ka poʻe. Ma hope, ua huakaʻi nā hakakā lima a me nā mokomoko ma nā alanui medieval ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā pūʻulu sirkus, e hakakā ana me nā mea āpau. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hoʻokūkū haʻuki, kahi i kūʻai ʻia ai nā likiki a ua hana ʻia nā pā pili (ma ke ala, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ma mua o nā haʻuki ʻoihana), ua ʻike ʻia nā loea e makemake ana e loaʻa kālā ma kā lākou ikaika a mākau paha. Akā kūhelu ʻia, ua kahakaha ʻia ka laina ma waena o nā ʻoihana a me nā amateurs i 1823. ʻO nā haumāna, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻokūkū hoe, ʻaʻole i ʻae i kahi kanaka waʻa "ʻoihana" ʻo Stephen Davis ka mea e ʻike iā lākou. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole makemake nā haumāna o ke keonimana e hoʻokūkū ai ʻole, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, e lilo i kekahi mea hana ikaika.
2. ʻO kekahi mea e like me kēia ka laina ma waena o nā ʻoihana a me nā amateurs i huki ʻia a hiki i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 - hiki i nā keonimana ke komo i nā hoʻokūkū me nā makana he haneli mau paona, a ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia kahi mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa a mea aʻo paha i loaʻa he 50-100 paona i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka hoʻokūkū. Ua hoʻololi maoli ʻia ke ala e Baron Pierre de Coubertin, nāna i hoʻāla hou i ka neʻe Olumepika. No kāna mau mea eccentricity a me kāna idealism, maopopo iā Coubertin e lilo ka haʻuki i nui. No laila, ua manaʻo ʻo ia he mea pono e hoʻomohala i nā loina laulā no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kūlana o kahi ʻālapa amatir. Ua hala kēia mau makahiki. ʻO ka hopena he formulate o nā koi ʻehā, kahi a Iesu Kristo e paʻakikī ʻole ai i hala i ka hoʻāʻo. Wahi a ia, no ka laʻana, he ʻaʻaleʻa i eo i hoʻokahi o kāna mau makana ma ka liʻiliʻi e pono e kākau inoa ʻia i ka poʻe loea. Ua hāpai kēia idealism i nā pilikia nui i ka neʻe ʻana o ka Olumepika a aneane luku ʻia.
3. Ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka mea i kapa ʻia. ʻo nā haʻuki amatir i ke kenekulia iwakālua he moʻolelo o nā ʻae a me nā mea kuʻikahi. Ua ʻae ʻae ke Kōmike 'Olumepika International (IOC), nā Kōmike' Olumepika Lahui (NOC) a me nā International Sports Federations i ka uku o nā makana i nā 'ālapa. Ua kapa ʻia lākou he haumana, uku pānaʻi, uku, akā ʻaʻole i loli ke ʻano - ua loaʻa ke kālā i ka poʻe ʻālapa no ka pāʻani ʻana i nā haʻuki.
4. Kūlike ʻole i nā unuhi i hoʻomohala ma hope, ʻo ia ka NOC o ka USSR ma 1964 ʻo ia ka mea mua i ʻae i ka loaʻa kālā o nā poʻe ʻālapa. ʻAʻole i kākoʻo wale ʻia kēia noi e nā kōmike 'Olumepika o nā aupuni kaiāulu, akā na nā NOC o Pinilana, Palani a me kekahi mau mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ua lilo ka IOC i ossified no ka kali ʻana o ka noi i 20 mau makahiki.
5. ʻO ka hui kinipōpō 'oihana mua loa ma ka honua ka Cincinnati Red Stockins club baseball club. ʻO ka Baseball maʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻoiai ke ʻano amateur i hōʻike ʻia o ka pāʻani, ua pāʻani ʻia e nā ʻoihana mai 1862, i hoʻolimalima ʻia e nā mea kākoʻo i nā kūlana fictitious me ka uku hoʻonui ʻia (ua loaʻa ka "bartender" $ 50 i kēlā me kēia pule ma kahi o 4-5, a pēlā aku.). Ua hoʻoholo ka hoʻokele o Stockins e hoʻopau i kēia hana. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā mea pāʻani maikaʻi loa no kahi waihona uku o $ 9,300 i kēlā me kēia kau. I loko o ke kau, ua lanakila ʻo "Stokins" i 56 pāʻani me hoʻokahi huki me ka lanakila ʻole, a ʻo ka lāʻau ma muli o ke kūʻai aku i nā likiki ua puka pū me, loaʻa $ 1.39 (ʻaʻole typo kēia).
6. Ua hala ka baseball ʻoihana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi hanana o nā pilikia nui i kona ulu ʻana. Ua kū mai nā līlū a me nā kalapu a panakalupa, ʻaʻa nā luna ʻālapa a me nā mea pāʻani i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ua hoʻāʻo nā luna politika a me nā keʻena aupuni e hoʻopilikia i nā hana a nā ʻahamele. ʻO ka mea wale nō i koe i hoʻololi ʻole ka ulu ʻana o ka uku. ʻO nā ʻoihana "koʻikoʻi" mua i loaʻa ma mua o hoʻokahi kaukani kālā o ka mahina, ʻo ia ka ʻekolu manawa ka uku o kahi limahana limahana. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua hauʻoli ʻole nā mea pāʻani kinipōpō hīnaʻi me ka pāpale uku $ 2,500. Ma hope koke iho o ke Kaua Honua II, ʻo ka uku palena iki o ka kinipōpō $ 5,000, ʻoiai ua uku ʻia nā hōkū he $ 100,000. Mai ka 1965 a i ka 1970, ua piʻi aʻe ka uku uku mai $ 17 a $ 25,000, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau mea pāʻani i loaʻa ma mua o $ 100,000 i ka makahiki. I kēia manawa ʻo ka mea hoʻokani kinipōpō uku kiʻekiʻe loa ka ipu kīʻaha ʻo Los Angeles Dodgers ʻo Clayton Kershaw. No 7 mau makahiki o ka ʻaelike, hōʻoia ʻia e loaʻa iā $ 215 miliona - $ 35.5 miliona i ka makahiki.
7. ʻO ka 5th IOC Pelekikena ʻo Avery Brandage ke poʻokela maʻa maʻa o ka maʻemaʻe o nā haʻuki amatir. Ke holomua nei i ka holomua i nā haʻuki, ʻo Brandage, ka mea i ulu a makua ʻole, ua loaʻa ka waiwai nui i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana. I ka makahiki 1928, ua lilo ʻo Brendage i poʻo no ka US NOC, a ma 1952 ua lilo ʻo ia i pelekikena o ka IOC. Kahi anti-komunista kūpaʻa a anti-Semite, ua kāpae ʻo Brandage i kahi hoʻāʻo e hōʻea i kahi kuʻikahi i nā mea haʻuki uku. Ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana, ua lawe ʻia nā koi aloha ʻole, kahi i hiki ai ke hoʻolaha i kekahi ʻāpau he ʻoihana. Hiki ke hana i kēia inā ua hoʻopau ke kanaka i kā lākou hana nui ma mua o 30 mau lā, ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kaʻi me ka nānā ʻole i ka haʻuki, loaʻa ke kōkua ma ke ʻano o nā pono hana a i ʻole nā likiki, a i ʻole kahi makana i ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 40.
8. ʻAe ʻae ʻia ʻo Brandage he idealist noʻonoʻo liʻiliʻi, akā naʻe, he mea kūpono paha ke nānā aku i kēia idealist mai kahi kihi ʻokoʻa. Ua lilo ʻo Brandage i pelekikena o ka IOC i nā makahiki i ka wā i lele maoli ai ka USSR a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i loko o ka haʻuki haʻuki kūloko. ʻO nā ʻāina o ka hoʻomoana socialist, kahi i kākoʻo kūleʻa ʻia ai ka poʻe haʻuki e ka mokuʻāina, ma mua o ke komo ikaika ʻana i ka hakakā no nā mekala 'Olumepika. ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū, nā mea ʻAmelika nui, e neʻe, a ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ka prospect. Maliʻa paha ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Brandage i kahi ala no kahi hōʻino a me ka kāpae nui ʻia o nā ʻelele o ka Soviet Union a me nā ʻāina kaiāulu ʻē aʻe mai ka neʻe Olumepika. No nā makahiki he nui i pelekikena o ka US NOC, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea hana ke kōkua akā ʻike e pili ana i nā haʻawina haumana a me nā bonus ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i nā ʻōlapa ʻAmelika, akā no kekahi kumu, ma kahi o 24 mau makahiki o ke aupuni, ʻaʻole loa ia i hoʻopau i kēia hilahila. Ua hoʻomaka ka hopohopo ʻoihana i nā haʻuki iā ia wale nō ma hope o ke koho ʻia ʻana i Pelekikena o ka IOC. ʻO ka mea nui paha, ʻaʻole i ʻae ka mana nui o ka honua e ulu mau nei o ka USSR i ka hōʻino.
9. ʻO kekahi o nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia i ka "ʻimi no ka poʻe loea" ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokūkū ʻAmelika poʻokela ʻo Jim Thorpe. Ma nā 'Olumepika 1912, ua lanakila' o Thorpe i mau mekala gula, e lanakila ana i ke mele pentathlon a me decathlon. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua kāhea ʻo King George o Suedena iā ia i ka ʻaʻaʻi ʻoi loa ma ka honua, a ua hāʻawi aku ka Emepera Lūkia ʻo Nicholas II iā Thorp me kahi makana pilikino kūikawā. Ua hoʻi ka mea haʻuki i ka home ma ke ʻano he meʻe, akā ʻaʻole makemake nui ka hoʻokumu ʻana iā Thorpe - he India ia, aneane pau loa i ka luku ʻia e kēlā manawa. Ua huli ka US IOC i ka NOC me ka hoʻowahāwahā o kāna ʻālapa ponoʻī - ma mua o ka lanakila ʻana o ka hoʻokūkū 'Olumepika, he pâʻani pôpeku' oihana 'o Thorpe. Ua hana koke ka IOC, e hemo ana iā Thorpe o nā mekala. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, pāʻani ʻo Thorpe i ka pôpeku (ʻAmelika) a ua uku ʻia no ia. ʻO ka pâʻani pôpeku 'Amelika ke hana nei i kona mau anu u mua. Aia nā kime i ke ʻano o nā hui o nā mea pāʻani i "hōʻiliʻili" i nā mea pāʻani mai waena o nā hoaaloha a i ʻole nā hoalauna no ka pāʻani. Hiki i kēlā "ʻoihana" ke pāʻani no nā kime ʻelua ʻelua i nā lā ʻelua. He kāne wikiwiki a ikaika ʻo Thorpe, ua kono ʻia ʻo ia e pāʻani me ka leʻaleʻa. Inā pono e pāʻani i ke kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe, uku ʻia ʻo ia no nā likiki kaʻa ʻōhua a me ka ʻaina awakea. I kekahi o nā kime, pāʻani ʻo ia no ʻelua mau mahina i ka wā o kona wā hoʻomaha haumāna, ke loaʻa nei he $ 120. I ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia ai iā ia kahi kuʻikahi piha, hōʻole ʻo Thorpe - ua moeʻuhane ʻo ia e hoʻokō i nā haʻuki. Ua hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia ʻo Thorpe ma 1983 wale nō.
10. ʻOiai loaʻa iki nā haʻuki e like me ka kinipōpō hīnaʻi, hockey hau, pāʻani pōpeku ʻAmelika a me ka kinipōpō hīnaʻi, like nā hoʻohālikelike a nā hui i United States. I ko ʻEulopa, he hihiu paha ia. ʻO nā kalapu - nā mana - ʻaʻole ʻona e nā ona, akā na ka liki ponoʻī. Hāʻawi ia i nā pelekikena a me nā papa o nā alakaʻi i nā kuleana e holo kalapu. Pono ka poʻe i ka hoʻihoʻi e ukali i ka nui o nā ʻōkuhi, kahi e pela ai kokoke i nā ʻaoʻao āpau o ka hoʻokele, mai ka hoʻonohonoho a i ka kālā. ʻOiai ka paʻakikī i ʻike ʻia, hōʻoiaʻiʻo ka ʻōnaehana iā ia iho - ke ulu mau nei nā loaʻa kālā o nā mea pāʻani a me nā hui. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ke kau 1999/2000, ʻo ka mea pāʻani kinipōpō uku kiʻekiʻe loa i kēlā manawa, ʻo Shaquille O'Neal, i loaʻa ma kahi o $ 17 miliona. I ka manawa 2018/2109, ua loaʻa i ka mea pāʻani Golden State ʻo Stephen Curry $ 37.5 miliona me ka manaolana e hoʻonui i ka pā i 45 miliona. ʻO O'Neill i ka hopena hopena e lawe i kahi ma waena o ka hiku o ka pae o ka uku. Ke ulu nei nā loaʻa kālā a ka hui ma kahi o ka helu like. He pono ʻole paha kekahi mau kalapu, akā ʻo ka League ma ke ʻano he mea mau ka waiwai.
11. ʻO ka wahine pāʻani kinipōpō mua ka wahine wahine wahine ʻo Susan Lenglen. I ka makahiki 1920, ua lanakila 'o ia i ka hoʻokûkû' Olumepika ma Amsterdam. I ka makahiki 1926, ua kau inoa ʻo Lenglen i kahi ʻaelike i loaʻa he $ 75,000 no nā pāʻani hōʻikeʻike i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka huakaʻi, a hui pū me ia, ua hele ʻia e ka mea poʻokela US ʻo Mary Brown, ka mea hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū manawa ʻelua ʻo Vince Richards a me kekahi mau mea pāʻani i lalo. Ua kūleʻa nā hana ma New York a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe, a i kēia manawa i ka makahiki 1927 ka hoʻokūkū mua US ma waena o ka poʻe loea i kū. I nā makahiki 1930, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokūkū honua, a ua hoʻohuli ʻo Jack Kramer i ka ʻāpana kolepa. ʻO ia, he mea pāʻani kinipōpō i ka wā ma mua, nāna i hoʻomaka i nā hoʻokūkū me ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka mea lanakila (ma mua o kēlā, ua pāʻani wale nā ʻoihana i nā pāʻani i pili ʻole i kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻomaka ka puka o nā amateurs ʻoi loa i ka tennis ʻoihana. Ma hope o kahi hakakā pōkole ma 1967, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Open Era" - ua kāpae ʻia ka pāpā ʻana i nā amateurs mai ke komo ʻana i nā hoʻokūkū ʻoihana a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā mea pāʻani āpau e komo i nā hoʻokūkū i lilo i poʻe loea.
12. He ʻike maʻamau ʻo ka ʻoihana o ka haʻuki ʻoihana ʻaʻole loihi ka lōʻihi, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa. Akā hōʻike nā helu helu ʻoi aku ka pololei o ke kāhea ʻana i kahi ʻoihana ʻoihana pōkole. Wahi a nā helu helu mai nā hui ʻAmelika, ke pāʻani nei ka mea pāʻani kinipōpō ma ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 5 mau makahiki, nā mea pāʻani hockey a me ka baseball ma kahi o 5.5 mau makahiki, a me nā mea pāʻani pōpeku no 3 mau makahiki wale nō. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki i kahi mea pāʻani kinipōpō ke loaʻa ma kahi o $ 30 miliona, kahi mea pāʻani kinipōpō hīnaʻi - 26, mea pāʻani hockey - 17, a me kahi mea pāʻani pōpeku "$ 5.1 miliona wale nō. Akā ua hāʻawi nā hōkū mua o ka NHL i ka hockey, i ka loaʻa ʻana i ke kūlana o kahi kākau kākau liʻiliʻi, kahi hana ma ke ʻano he kīʻaha kī, a i ʻole ka manawa kūpono e wehe i kahi hale kūʻai mele liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ʻo superstar Phil Esposito i hana hapa manawa ma kahi mea kanu kila ma waena o nā kau NHL a hiki i ka 1972.
13. He leʻaleʻa ka ʻāhao ʻoihana no ka poʻe waiwai loa. ʻOiai nā miliona o ke kālā i ke kālā makana, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana e nalowale ana i ke kālā. Ua helu nā loiloi e hiki ai ke kaulike i ke kumukūʻai o nā mokulele, nā pāʻina, nā wahi noho, nā uku o ke kaʻa, a pēlā aku. Me ke kālā makana i ka ʻole, pono e loaʻa i kahi mea pāʻani he $ 350,000 i kēlā me kēia kau. Ke noʻonoʻo nei kēia i ke olakino hao kuhiakau, ke haʻalele ʻole ʻia nā hoʻokūkū a ʻaʻohe kumu kūʻai olakino. Aia ma lalo o 150 ia mau mea pāʻani i ka honua no nā kāne a ʻoi aku ma kahi o 100 no nā wahine. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia nā ʻaelike kākoʻo a me nā uku mai nā federations tennis. Akā ke hoʻohuli nei i nā mea kākoʻo i nā mea pāʻani mai ka piko o nā poʻo, a uku nā federations i kahi helu palena o nā haʻawina haumana, ʻaʻole ma nā ʻāina āpau. Akā ma mua o ka hele ʻana o ka ʻoihana hoʻomaka i ka ʻaha no ka manawa mua, pono e hoʻokomo kālā ʻia he ʻumi tausani mau kālā iā ia.
14. ʻO Emmanuel Yarborough paha ke kiʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa o nā kūʻēʻē ma waena o nā haʻuki ʻoihana a me nā ʻāpana amatir i nā hana koa. ʻO kahi kāne aloha maikaʻi e kaupaona ana ma lalo o 400 kilokilo i hana nui i ka sumo no nā amateurs. ʻO ka sumo ʻoihana ʻaʻole ia nona - hana ʻoi loa nā ʻoihana momona. Ua neʻe ʻo Yarborough i ka hakakā me ka ʻole o nā lula, ka mea i hoʻomaka e loaʻa kaila, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kūleʻa ma laila - 1 lanakila me 3 mau eo. Ua make ʻo Yarborough i ka makahiki 51 ma hope o ka hopena o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.
15. Pili pono ka loaʻa kālā o nā ʻaleʻa ʻoihana a me nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻokūkū i ka hoihoi o ka poʻe hoʻolohe. I nā lā mua o nā haʻuki ʻoihana, ʻo ke kūʻai kūʻai baliki ke kumu nui o ka loaʻa kālā. I ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua lilo ke kīwī i ka lepe, e hāʻawi ana i ka uku o ka liona i ka hapa nui o nā haʻuki. Kāhea ka mea e uku i ke kani. I kekahi mau haʻuki, no ka pono o nā hoʻolaha kīwī, pono e hoʻololi lula i nā lula o ka pāʻani. Ma waho aʻe o nā hoʻololi cosmetic e hanana kokoke i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka kinipōpō hīnaʻi a me ka hockey, ʻo nā haʻuki kipi nui loa ka tennis, volleyball a me ka tennis papa. I ka kinipōpō i nā makahiki mua 1970, ua kāpae ʻia ke kānāwai i lanakila ka mea pāʻani tennis ma kahi o ʻelua mau pāʻani. Ua kāpae mākou i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi ma ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kahi break-break - he pāʻani pōkole, a ʻo ka mea nona ka lanakila i lanakila i ka set. Aia kekahi pilikia like i ka volleyball, akā ma laila ua hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ka mea i mea e loaʻa ai kahi kiko, pono i ka hui e pāʻani i ka lawelawe. ʻO ke kumu "kēlā me kēia kinipōpō kahi kiko" i hana i ka volleyball kekahi o nā pāʻani ikaika loa. Ma lalo o ke ʻano o ke kauō ʻana i ka hiki ke paʻi i ka kinipōpō me nā ʻāpana o ke kino, me nā wāwae.ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua hoʻonui ka pākaukau papa i ka nui o ka kinipōpō, hoʻemi i ka helu o nā innings i hana ʻia e hoʻokahi mea pāʻani i ka lālani mai 5 a 2 a hoʻomaka i ka pāʻani ʻana i nā helu 11 ma kahi o 21. Ua hoʻololi maikaʻi nā hana hou i ke kaulana o kēia mau haʻuki āpau.
