ʻO ka Suzdal Kremlin ka puʻuwai o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko, kona wahi moe a me kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka moʻolelo o Suzdal. Mālama ʻo ia ma hope o nā paia mana ka hoʻomanaʻo o nā hanana nui i ka mōʻaukala o Rūsia, nā mea huna a me nā nane he nui, i hoʻonā ʻia e nā hanauna mōʻaukala ma mua o hoʻokahi. ʻO ka waiwai noʻeau a me ka mōʻaukala o ka hui Kremlin ma Suzdal i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻoilina moʻomeheu o Rūsia a me UNESCO. Ke Alanui Central Kremlin, e like me ka "mīkini manawa", wehe i ke ala no ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i ka millennial i hala o Rūsia.
ʻO ka huakaʻi i ka moʻolelo o ka Suzdal Kremlin
Ma kahi puʻu i ka piʻo o ke kahawai ʻo Kamyanka, kahi i kū ai ka hale hōʻikeʻike ʻo "Suzdal Kremlin" i kēia lā i kona nani, ua hānau ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Suzdal i ka 10 mau kenekulia. Wahi a ka wehewehe ʻana mai nā mōʻaukala, i ka huli ʻana o nā kenekulia XI-XII, ua kūkulu ʻia nā pā kaua honua ma aneʻi me kahi pā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe e piʻi aʻe ana ma luna o lākou, i hoʻopau ʻia me kahi pā o nā koʻokoʻo lāʻau kiko. Aia nā hale kiaʻi a me ʻekolu puka ma ka anapuni o ka pā paʻa.
Hōʻike nā kiʻi kahiko i nā paia pā i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā moʻo me ka wai ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu - hema, komohana a hikina. Me ka muliwai, kahi e pale ai mai ka ʻākau, ua pale lākou i ke ala o ka ʻenemi. Mai ka 13th a hiki i ka 17th mau kenekulia, he hale pule nui, nā hale no nā wahi noho o ke keiki aliʻi a me ka bihopa, nā hale no ka poʻe o nā keiki aliʻi a me nā kauā, nā hale pule he nui, hale kia bele a me nā hale he nui i ulu aʻe ma hope o ka pā paʻa.
Ua hoʻopau ke ahi ma 1719 i nā hale lāʻau āpau o ka Kremlin, a hiki i nā paia o ka pā kaua. Mālama ʻia nā kia hoʻomanaʻo o ka hoʻolālā Lūkini, kūkulu ʻia i ka pōhaku, i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā i mua o ka poʻe o ka wā i ko lākou hanohano āpau. ʻO ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe o ka Suzdal Kremlin i ka nānā wale ʻana e hōʻike i kāna mau mea hoihoi āpau, kāwili pū ʻia i loko o ka ʻāina a puni.
Hale Pule Nui o ka Lā hānau
ʻO ka Hale Pule Nui o ka lā hānau o ka Puʻupaʻa, mai ka makahiki 1225, ka hale pōhaku kahiko loa ma ka moku ʻo Kremlin. Ua kūkulu ʻia ma nā kumu o kahi hale pōhaku pōkā hoʻokahi kia-ʻekahi i kūkulu ʻia ma lalo o Vladimir Monomakh i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 11. ʻO ke moʻopuna a Yuri Dolgoruky, ʻo Prince Georgy Vsevolodovich, i kūkulu i kahi hale pule he ʻelima mau hale i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka lā hānau o ka Puʻupaʻa.
Polū e like me ka lani, nā maka onioni o ka hale pule nui me nā hōkū gula. Ma nā kenekulia, ua loli ka hiʻohiʻona o ke alo. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka hale pule, i kāhiko ʻia me nā kālai pōhaku, nā poʻo liona i kālai ʻia mai ka pōhaku, nā pale maka wahine ma nā ʻīpuka a me nā kāhiko elaborate, i mālama ʻia mai ka makahiki 13. ʻIke ʻia ka hana brick brick ma hope o ke kāʻei.
Ke paʻi nei nā kiʻi i loko o ka hale pule me nā fresko i mālama ʻia mai ka kenekulia 13 ma nā paia, nā lei o nā kāhiko pua ma nā puka, nā mea hana akamai, a me kahi iconostasis openwork gula me nā kiʻi o nā haipule.
ʻO ka "ʻīpuka gula" hema a me ke komohana kahi waiwai maoli. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia lākou me nā pale keleawe ʻulaʻula me nā hiʻohiʻona nani, nā kiʻi pena ʻia e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona mai ka ʻeuanelio a me nā hoʻolālā me nā hana a ka Archangel Michael, ka mea nāna i kākoʻo i nā hoʻouka kaua a ke keiki aliʻi. Wehe ʻia nā puka me nā lima nunui i ke ʻano o nā apo i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā waha o nā poʻo liona, nā waiwai o ka mōʻaukala a me ka artistic.
Hoihoi ka Hale Pule Nui Kālā me ka neropropolis o nā pilikino kaulana o Ancient Rus - nā keiki kāne a Yuri Dolgoruky, nā bihopa, nā aliʻi mai ka moʻokūʻauhau Shuisky a me nā keikikāne kiʻekiʻe.
Hale kia bele o ka hale pule
He hale kia bele ʻtakātaza ka ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Nati i uhi ʻia me ka hale lole. ʻO ka belfry, i kūkulu ʻia i ka pōhaku i ka makahiki 1635, ua waiho ʻo ia ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe loa ma ke kūlanakauhale no kahi manawa lōʻihi. Hoʻopiʻi ka piko o ka octahedron i ka nānā me ke ʻano o nā arch chime a me nā chime o ke kenekulia 17. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale pule i loko o ka hale bele, i hoʻopili ʻia e kahi hale hōʻikeʻike a me nā alahele me nā wahi o nā keʻena episkopal.
Paipai mākou e nānā i ka Tula Kremlin.
I kēia lā, i loko o ka belfry medieval, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka canopy lāʻau ʻo Ioredane wale nō o ka makahiki 17.
Halepule ʻo Nikolskaya Wooden
ʻO ka hale pule lāʻau Nicholas o ke kenekulia 18, kūkulu ʻia e like me ka hale kaiāulu a neʻe mai ke kauhale ʻo Glotovo, ka moku ʻo Yuryev-Polsky, pili pono i ka pā o Suzdal Kremlin. ʻO ka hale pule ʻano ʻē, i kūkulu ʻia i nā lāʻau me ka ʻole o ka kui hoʻokahi, hoihoi i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi. Hōʻike nā kiʻi i kona helehelena lahilahi - ke kaulike kūlike o nā keʻena lāʻau, ke kaupaku i kalai ʻia me ke aka a me ka ʻāpana lāʻau lahilahi i uhi ʻia me ke keʻa. Hoʻopuni kahi hale hōʻike ākea i ka hale pule ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.
Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o ka hoʻolālā Lūkini ma ka square o ka ʻAha Bishops, kahi i kū ai ka Halepule lāʻau o All Saints ma mua, i puhi ʻia e ke ahi i ka 18 kenekulia. I kēia lā ʻo Nikolsky Cathedral kahi hōʻike o ka Suzdal Museum of Wooden Architecture. Hoʻokomo ʻia kāna nānā kūwaho i ka papahana o ka huakaʻi i nā mākaʻikaʻi Kremlin.
Halepule ʻo Nikolskaya kauwela
I ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 17, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale pule kauwela no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana iā St. Nicholas the Wonderworker ma kahi kokoke i nā Nikolskie Gates e nānā ana i ka muliwai Kamenka. ʻO ka heiau hoʻokahi kihi o kahi cuboid form e hoʻopau ʻia e kahi dome kime me kahi keʻa. Ma ka lalo o ka pahu, ua ʻoki ʻia nā kihi me nā kolamu semi. ʻO kahi triang o nā aʻa me nā pediment e alakaʻi i ka luakini. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia ka quadrangle ʻelua me nā kaha oblong. Piʻi mai ia mai he hale kia bele octahedral me nā pilasters ma nā kihi a ʻekolu lālani o nā depressions hoʻonaninani o ke alo - semicircular a me octahedral. Ma hope o lākou nā pio o ka hale kia bele, i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi cornice ma luna, i hoʻonani ʻia me ke kāʻei o nā kile ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka wēlau o ka hale kia bele kahi hale lole concave kumu me nā puka aniani āpau. Ua kapa nā haku Suzdal i kēia ʻano o ka hale lole he paipu.
Hānau ʻo Christ Church
Aia ka Church Winter of Birth of Christ ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Suzdal Kremlin e pili ana i ka hale pule ʻo Nikolskaya, e hoʻopau ana i ka hale kuʻuna Orthodoxy o nā hale pule ʻelua. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka hale hānau ʻo Christ of Christ i ka makahiki 1775 mai nā pōhaku lepo. He hale nui ia me kahi pentahedral apse i hoʻopili ʻia, kahi refectory a me kahi vestibule.
Ua lilo ka hale pili i uhi o ka halepule nui a me ka hale. ʻO kāna culmination kahi pahu kālai i kālai ʻia me ka ʻakaʻaka me ke keʻa. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā helehelena o ka hale pule e ka hoʻonaninani akamai o nā pilaster, nā ʻoki a me nā frieze. Ua hoʻonani ʻia nā puka aniani me nā papa pōhaku hoʻonaninani, a ma ka pediment o ka vestibule, kahi kiʻi kahiko e pili ana i ka hānau ʻana o Kristo e ʻumeʻume i ka nānā.
Ka Halepule o ka manaʻo o ka Virgin Virgin
Aia ka Church Assuming o ke kenekulia 17 ma kahi kokoke i nā puka ʻākau o Kremlin, i kapa ʻia ʻo Ilyinsky. Kūkulu ʻia ia e nā aliʻi Suzdal ma ke kahua o kahi hale pule lāʻau kuni i loko o nā ʻanuʻu ʻelua, i ʻike ʻia i loko o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa he quadrangle me nā hiʻohiʻona window o ke kenekulia 17. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna he octagon me nā platband ma nā puka aniani i ke ʻano o nā curl spiral me kahi pōʻai ma waenakonu. ʻO ia mea hoʻonaninani i loko o ka wā Petrine - ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 18. Hoʻopau ʻia ka luakini e kahi pahu lua ʻelua kūlana kūikawā me kahi dome ʻōmaʻomaʻo volumetric i uhi ʻia me kahi dome liʻiliʻi me ke keʻa. Kū nā helehelena o ka hale pule i ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā paila keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā pā i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia i kahi hiʻohiʻona leʻaleʻa a nani.
Ma kahi kokoke ka hale kia bele hipped-kaupaku i hoʻihoʻi ʻia. Ke nānā nei mākou i ke ʻano o ka ensemble kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka Church of the Assuming of the Holy Virgin Mary, ke ʻike nei mākou i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kaila Baroque Moscow, ʻokoʻa no Suzdal. No loko ka hoihoi o nā iconostasis pae ʻelima i hoʻōla ʻia me nā kiʻi o kēia wā. Mai ka 2015, mālama ʻia nā relics o St. Arseny o Suzdal ma aneʻi, e kōkua ana e hōʻola i nā maʻi kamaliʻi.
Nā keʻena o Bihopa
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Suzdal Kremlin e noho ʻia e ka ʻaha ʻo Bihopa me nā hale noho a me nā hale kōkua o ke kenekulia 17, hui ʻia e nā hale uhi uhi, kahi pūnaewele o nā alaloa a me nā alapiʻi huna. ʻO ka hoihoi nui loa ke Keʻa Kea, ka mea i ka wā kahiko i manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa nā malihini kipa kiʻekiʻe. Kaʻi ʻia kona mau paia me nā kiʻi o nā mōʻī a me nā kāhuna pule kiʻekiʻe. Mahalo ʻia ka noho aliʻi o ka pīhopa mākaukau, nā kapuahi tile, nā mea hale pule a me nā pono hana mahalo ʻia. I mea e hele ai i ke Keʻa Keʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka puka komo nui aia ma kahi kokoke i ka puka komohana o ka Cathedral ʻo Nativity.
I kēia lā, i loko o 9 mau lumi o ka Chambers o Bishops, hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike o ka moʻaukala o Suzdal, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka papa manawa mai ka kenekulia XII a hiki i kēia lā. Ma ka huakaʻi, haʻi lākou i nā moʻolelo hoihoi e pili ana i ka mea i noho ma Suzdal a me Kremlin. Ma ka ʻaha ʻo Bihopa, ke kūkulu ʻana i ka Halepule Hoʻolaha me kahi hale hou, hana hou ʻia i ke ʻano o ke kenekulia 16, ʻumeʻume ka maka. I loko o ka luakini hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike he 56 mau kiʻi kakaikahi o nā kenekulia 15 a 17 a aʻo i nā moʻolelo hoihoi o nā mōneka ʻo Vladimir-Suzdal.
ʻO nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka Suzdal Kremlin
- ʻO ka wahi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā hale o Kremlin i ʻōlelo mua ʻia ai i nā moʻolelo moʻolelo i hiki i ka 1024.
- Ua ola nā pā kaua Kremlin honua mai ka manawa o Vladimir Monomakh ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o "gorodnya", kahi ʻano kūloko i hana ʻia i ka lāʻau, i hana ʻia me ka pālolo mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau.
- ʻO ka wahi o ka hale i ka Chamber Cross no ka hoʻokipa ʻana i nā mea kipa he 9 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku kahi ʻona ma mua o 300 mau mika kūlike, kūkulu ʻia me ka ʻole o hoʻokahi pou.
- Ma ka leo o nā mele o ka hale kia bele o ka hale pule he nui ʻole, akā hoʻopili ʻia nā pāpale kulu e like me ke kuʻuna Slavonic Kahiko, koe wale nō ka huapalapala "B", ka mea e hōʻike ai i ke akua.
- Hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻāpana e nā chimes i kēlā me kēia hapahā o ka hola. Ua nānā ʻia nā hana o ka wati e nā limahana i kapa ʻia he poʻe hana kiaʻi.
- Ua hoʻopuehu ʻia nā hōkū gula he 365 ma luna o ka hale o ka Hale Pule Nui o Nativity, e hōʻailona ana i nā lā o ka makahiki.
- ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka ensemble o ka Chambers a Bihopa i 5 mau kenekulia.
- I ka makahiki 2008, ua lilo nā mea mōʻaukala Kremlin i wahi ʻike no ke kiʻi ʻana i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Tsar" na ka luna ʻo Lungin.
- Ua koho ʻia ka hale pule lāʻau ʻo Nikolskaya no ke kiʻi ʻana i ke kaʻina o ka male ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni o ka moʻolelo a Pushkin "Snowstorm".
ʻO ka ʻike no ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi
ʻO nā hola wehe o ka Suzdal Kremlin:
- Wehe i ka Pōʻakahi a ka Pōʻalima mai ka hola 9:00 a ka 19:00, Pōʻaono a hiki i ka 20:00, pani ʻia i ka Poalua a me ka Pōʻalima hope o ka mahina.
- Lawe ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻike hale hōʻikeʻike: Pōʻakahi, Pōʻakolu - Pōʻalima, Lāpule - mai 10:00 a 18:00, i ka Pōʻaono hoʻomau ʻia a 19:00.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ke kipa ʻana i nā hōʻike hale hōʻikeʻike me kahi likiki hoʻokahi 350 rubles, no nā haumāna, nā haumāna a me nā penihana - 200 rubles. ʻO nā tikika no ka hele wāwae ʻana a puni ka Suzdal Kremlin i uku ʻia he 50 rubles no nā mākua a me 30 rubles no nā keiki.
Wahi a Kremlin: ʻĀina ʻo Vladimir, Suzdal, st. ʻO Kremlin, 12.
