ʻO Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford o Nelekona (1871-1937) - physicist Pelekane o ko Niu Sila kumu. ʻIke ʻia ma ke ʻano he "makuakāne" o nā physics nukelea. ʻO ka mea nāna i hana i ka papa honua o ka ʻoma. 1908 Nobel Prize Laureate ma Kemika
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Ernest Rutherford, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Rutherford.
Kawaihae o Rutherford
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ernest Rutherford ma ʻAukake 30, 1871 ma ke kauhale o Spring Grove (Nūhōlani). Ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i ka ʻohana o kahi mahiʻai, ʻo James Rutherford, a me kāna wahine, ʻo Martha Thompson, ka mea hana ma ke ʻano he kumu kula.
Ma waho o Ernest, ua hānau ʻia he 11 mau keiki hou aʻe ma ka ʻohana Rutherford.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Mai ka wā kamaliʻi mai, ua hoʻokau ʻia ʻo Ernest e ka hoihoi a me ka hana nui. He hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo nona a he keiki olakino a ikaika hoʻi.
Ua puka ka ʻepekema ʻepekema me nā hanohano mai ke kula haʻahaʻa, a ma hope ua komo ʻo ia i ke Kulanui ʻo Nelson. ʻO kāna hale aʻo hou aʻe ʻo Canterbury College, aia ma Christchurch.
I loko o kēia wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua aʻo ʻo Rutherford i ke kelekema a me ka physics me ka hoihoi nui.
I ka makahiki 21, ua loaʻa ka makana ʻo Ernest no ke kākau ʻana i ka hana ʻoi loa ma ka makemakika a me ka physics. I 1892 ua loaʻa iā ia ke poʻo inoa o ka Master of Arts, a ma hope ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e alakaʻi i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a hoʻonohonoho i nā hoʻokolohua.
Ua kapa ʻia ka hana mua a Rutherford - "Magnetisation of iron in high-frequency hoʻokuʻu." Nānā ʻia ke ʻano o nā nalu lekiō kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ʻo Ernest Rutherford ka mea mua e hōʻuluʻulu i kahi leka uila, ma mua o kāna mea hana luna ʻo Marconi. Ua lilo kēia mea i mīkini ʻike magnet mua loa o ka honua.
Ma o ka mea huli, ua hoʻokele ʻo Rutherford e loaʻa nā hōʻailona i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia e kāna mau hoa hana, kahi ma kahi o kahi kilomita mai iā ia.
I 1895, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Ernest i kahi kālā e aʻo ai ma Pelekane Nui. ʻO ka hopena, ua laki ʻo ia e huakaʻi i ʻEnelani a hana ma ka Cavendish Laboratory ma ke Kulanui ʻo Cambridge.
Ka hana ʻepekema
I Pelekane, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka piliona ʻepekema ʻo Ernest Rutherford a me ka hiki.
Ma ke kulanui, ua lilo ka ʻepekema i ka haumāna kauka mua o kāna rector ʻo Joseph Thomson. I kēia manawa, keʻimi nei ke kanaka i ka ionization o nā kinoea ma lalo o ka mana o X-ray.
I ka makahiki 27, ua hoihoi ʻo Rutherford i ke aʻo ʻana i ka radiation radiation uranium - "nā kukuna Becquerel". He mea hoihoi ua hana pū ʻo Pierre lāua ʻo Marie Curie i nā hoʻokolohua ma ka pāhawewe radio pū me ia.
Ma hope, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Ernest e noiʻi hohonu i ka hapalua o ke ola, ka mea nāna i wehewehe i nā ʻano o nā mea, a laila wehe i ka hana hapalua.
Ma 1898 Rutherford i hele e hana ma ke Kulanui ʻo McGill ma Montreal. Ma laila ʻo ia i hoʻomaka ai e hana pū me ka mea kelemānia Pelekane ʻo Frederick Soddy, ʻo ia ka mea kōkua ma nā keʻena hoʻokolohua maʻalahi i kēlā me kēia manawa.
I ka makahiki 1903, ua hōʻike aku ʻo Ernest lāua ʻo Frederick i ka honua ʻepekema i kahi manaʻo kipi e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea i ke kaʻina hana o ka palaho radioactive. Ua hoʻokumu koke lākou i nā kānāwai o ka loli.
Ma hope mai, ua kākoʻo ʻia ko lākou mau manaʻo e Dmitry Mendeleev e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻōnaehana wā. No laila, ua akāka i nā waiwai kemika o kahi mea i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka uku o ka nucleus o kāna atoma.
Ma ka moʻolelo o 1904-1905. Ua paʻi ʻo Rutherford i ʻelua mau hana - "Radioactivity" a me "Transformations Radioactive".
I kāna mau hana, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻepekema he kumu nā atoms i ka radiation radioactive. Ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua he nui i ka nānā ʻana i ka pepa gula me nā ʻāpana alpha, e nānā ana i nā kahe o nā huna huna.
ʻO Ernest Rutherford ka mea mua i waiho i ka manaʻo o ke kūkulu ʻana o ka ʻoma. ʻLelo ʻo ia he ʻano kulu ka atoma me ka uku maikaʻi, me nā electron i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia i loko.
Ma hope, ua hoʻokumu ka physicist i ka hoʻohālikelike planetary o ka ʻoma. Eia naʻe, ua kūʻē kēia hiʻohiʻona i nā kānāwai o nā electrodynamics i hōʻemi ʻia e James Maxwell lāua ʻo Michael Faraday.
Ua kūleʻa nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ukiuki wikiwiki e hoʻonele ʻia ka ikehu ma muli o ka radiation electromagnetic. No kēia kumu, ua hoʻomau ʻo Rutherford i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kāna mau manaʻo.
I 1907 Noho ʻo Ernest Rutherford ma Manchester, kahi i hana ai i kahi hana ma ke Kulanui o Victoria. I ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua haku ʻo ia i kahi pālau ʻāpana alpha me Hans Geiger.
Ma hope, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Rutherford e hana pū me Niels Bohr, ʻo ia ka mea kākau o ka manaʻo nui. Ua hiki i nā Physistists i ka hopena ke neʻe nā electrons a puni ka nucleus i kahi orbit.
ʻO kā lākou kumu hoʻohālikelike honua o ka atoma kahi mea nui i ka ʻepekema, e hoʻonāukiuki ana i ke kaiāulu ʻepekema holoʻokoʻa e noʻonoʻo hou i ko lākou mau manaʻo e pili ana i ka mea a me ka neʻe.
I ka makahiki 48, ua lilo ʻo Ernest Rutherford i polopeka ma ke Kulanui o Cambridge. I kēlā manawa i kāna moʻomeheu, ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka hanohano nui i ke kaiāulu a loaʻa iā ia nā makana hanohano he nui.
I ka makahiki 1931, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Rutherford i ka inoa ʻo Baron. I kēlā manawa ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka nucleus atomic a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea kemika. Eia hou, ua noiʻi ʻo ia i ka pilina ma waena o ka nui a me ka ikehu.
Ke ola pilikino
I ka 1895, ua hana ʻia kahi pilina ma waena o Ernest Rutherford lāua ʻo Mary Newton. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo he kaikamahine ke kaikamahine a ka wahine hoʻokipa o ka hale hoʻokipa, kahi i noho ai ka physicist i kēlā manawa.
Ua male ka poʻe ʻōpio 5 mau makahiki ma hope. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu he kaikamahine wale kā lāua, a kapa ʻia ʻo Eileen Mary.
Make
Ua make ʻo Ernest Rutherford ma ʻOkakopa 19, 1937, 4 mau lā ma hope o kahi hana koʻikoʻi ma muli o kahi maʻi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia - kahi hernia i ʻoki ʻia. I kona manawa i make ai, he 66 mau makahiki ka ʻepekema nui.
Ua kanu ʻia ʻo Rutherford me nā hanohano piha ma Westminster Abbey. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i kanu ʻia ʻo ia ma kahi kokoke i nā lua kupapaʻu o Newton, Darwin a me Faraday.
Na Ernest Rutherford kiʻi
