ʻO Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) - Palani iho i aʻo i ka makemakika, kekahi o nā mea i hoʻokumu i ka geometry anamanaʻo, ka helu makemakika, ke kumumanaʻo a me ke kumumanaʻo helu. He loio ma ka ʻoihana, a polyglot. ʻO ka mea kākau o Fermat's Last Theorem, "ʻo ka puzzle makemakika kaulana loa o nā manawa āpau."
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Pierre Fermat, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Pierre Fermat.
Kawaihae o Pierre Fermat
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Pierre Fermat ma ʻAukake 17, 1601 ma ke kaona Palani ʻo Beaumont de Lomagne. Ua ulu a hānai ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi mea kālepa waiwai a me ka luna, Dominic Fermat, a me kāna wahine, ʻo Claire de Long.
He kaikuaʻana hoʻokahi ko Pierre a he ʻelua mau kaikuahine.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi, ʻōpio a me ke aʻo ʻana
ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea kākau moʻolelo a Pierre ke ʻae i kahi āna i aʻo mua ai.
ʻAe ʻae ʻia ua aʻo ʻia ke keikikāne ma ke Kulanui ʻo Navarre. Ma hope o kēlā, loaʻa iā ia kāna kekelē loio ma Toulouse, a laila ma Bordeaux a me Orleans.
I ka makahiki 30, ua lilo ʻo Fermat i loio i hōʻoia ʻia, a ʻo kahi hopena i hiki ai iā ia ke kūʻai i ke kūlana o ka ʻaha kūkā aliʻi o ka ʻahaʻāina ma Toulouse.
Ke neʻe wikiwiki nei ʻo Pierre i ke alapiʻi ʻoihana, a lilo i lālā o ka House of Edicts i ka makahiki 1648. ʻO ia ka manawa i puka mai ai ka huakū "de" i kona inoa, a laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kāhea ʻia - ʻo Pierre de Fermat.
Mahalo i ka hana kūleʻa a ana ʻia o kahi loio, he nui ka manawaleʻa o ke kāne, āna i hoʻolaʻa ai i ka naʻau ponoʻī. I kēlā manawa i kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua hoihoi ʻo ia i ka makemakika, ke aʻo nei i nā hana like ʻole.
Ka hana ʻepekema
I ka piha ʻana o Pierre i 35 mau makahiki, ua kākau ʻo ia i kahi kuʻikahi "Hoʻolauna i ke kumumanaʻo o nā wahi pālahalaha a me nā wahi ākea", kahi āna i kikoʻī ai i kāna ʻike no ka geometric analitika.
I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hoʻokumu ka ʻepekema i kāna "Theorem Nui" kaulana. Ma hope o 3 mau makahiki, e hoʻolālā ʻo ia - Fermat's Little Theorem.
Ua launa ʻo Fermat me nā makemakika kaulana loa, e like me Mersenne a me Pascal, me ia i kūkākūkā ai i ke kumumanaʻo o ka hiki.
Ma 1637, ua haki ka hakakā kaulana ma waena o Pierre lāua ʻo René Descartes. ʻO ka mea mua i loko o kahi ʻano ʻino i hoʻohewa iā Cartesian Dioptrica, a ʻo ka lua i hāʻawi i kahi loiloi weliweli o nā hana a Fermat ma ke kālailai.
ʻAʻole liʻuliʻu ua hoʻokaʻulua ʻo Pierre i ka hāʻawi ʻana i 2 mau hoʻoponopono pololei - hoʻokahi e like me ka ʻatikala a Fermat, a ʻo kekahi, e pili ana i nā manaʻo o "Geometry" a Descartes. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ua maʻalahi ka hana a Pierre.
Ma hope, ua noi aku ʻo Descartes i ke kala mai kāna hoa paio, akā a hiki i kona make ʻana ua mālama ʻo ia iā ia me ka lī.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka mea i ʻike ʻia o ke akamai Palani i ola a hiki i kēia lā mahalo i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o kāna leka nui me nā hoa hana. ʻO kāna hana wale nō i kēlā manawa, i paʻi ʻia ma ka paʻi, ʻo "A Treatise on Straightening."
Ua hiki iā Pierre Fermat, ma mua o Newton, ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa no ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā tangents a me ka helu ʻana i nā wahi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia i ʻōnaehana i kāna mau hana, ʻaʻole hōʻole ʻo Newton iā ia iho nā manaʻo o Fermat nāna i hoʻokū iā ia e hoʻomohala i ka anamanaʻo.
ʻO ka pono nui i ka moʻomeheu ʻepekema o ka ʻepekema i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo o nā helu.
Nui loa ka hoihoi o Fermat e pili ana i nā pilikia helu, āna i kamaʻilio pinepine ai me nā makemakika ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, hoihoi ʻo ia i nā pilikia e pili ana i nā square magic a me nā cubes, a me nā pilikia e pili ana i nā kānāwai o nā helu kūlohelohe.
Ma hope mai, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Pierre i kahi hana no ka ʻike ʻōnaehana i nā divisors a pau o kahi helu a hoʻokumu ʻia i kahi theorem i ka hiki ke kū i kahi helu kūleʻa ma ke ʻano he helu o 4 mau ʻāpana.
He pīhoihoi ka nui o nā hana mua a Fermat no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia a me nā pae i hoʻohana ʻia e Fermat i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ia, ʻaʻole i waiho ka ʻepekema i kahi ʻikepili e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia a i kēlā hana.
Aia kekahi hihia i ʻike ʻia i ka manawa a Mersenne i noi aku ai i kahi Farani e ʻike inā ʻo ka helu 100 895 598 169 ke poʻokela. ʻAneʻane ʻo ia i ʻōlelo koke ua like kēia helu me 898423 i hoʻonui ʻia e 112303, akā ʻaʻole i haʻi pehea i hiki ai i kēia hopena.
ʻO nā hana maikaʻi a Fermat i ke kahua o ka helu ma mua o ko lākou manawa a poina ʻia no 70 mau makahiki, a hiki i ka wā i lawe ʻia aku ai lākou e Euler, nāna i paʻi ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana o nā helu.
ʻO nā mea i ʻike ʻia e Pierre he mea nui ʻole. Ua kūkulu ʻo ia i kahi kānāwai laulā o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kekelē haʻihaʻi, hana i kahi hana no ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i kahi algebraic alve arbitrary, a ua wehewehe pū ʻia i ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia paʻakikī o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka loa o kekahi ʻāpana āpau.
Ua hele ʻo Fermat ma mua o Descartes ke makemake ʻo ia e noi i ka geometry analitiki i kahi ākea. Ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻokumu i nā kumu o ke kumumanaʻo o ka hiki.
Maikaʻi ʻo Pierre Fermat i 6 mau ʻōlelo: Palani, Lākina, Occitan, Helene, ʻItalia a me Paniolo.
Ke ola pilikino
I ka makahiki 30, ua male ʻo Pierre i kahi hoahānau makuahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Louise de Long.
I kēia male ʻana, hānau ʻia he ʻelima mau keiki: Clement-Samuel, Jean, Claire, Catherine a me Louise.
Nā makahiki i hala a me ka make
I ka makahiki 1652, ua loaʻa ʻo Fermat i ka maʻi ahulau, a ua huhū nei ia i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻāina he nui. Eia nō naʻe, ua hiki iā ia ke ola mai kēia maʻi weliweli.
Ma hope o kēlā, ola ka ʻepekema no 13 mau makahiki hou, e make ana ma Ianuali 12, 1665 i ka makahiki 63.
Ua kamaʻilio nā poʻe o ka wā iā Pierre ma ke ʻano he kanaka hoʻopono, maikaʻi, ʻoluʻolu a erudite.
Nā kiʻi na Pierre Fermat
