ʻO Rabindranath Tagore

ʻO Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) - mea kākau India, haku mele, haku mele, mea pena kiʻi, akeakamai a me ke ʻano lehulehu. ʻO ka mea ʻole ʻEulopa i loaʻa i ka Nobel Prize in Literature (1913).

Ua ʻike ʻia kāna mau mele e like me nā puke ʻuhane a, me kāna charisma, hana ʻia ke kiʻi o Tagore ke kāula ma West. I kēia lā kāna mele mele nā mele o India ("Soul of the people") a me Bangladesh ("My Bengal gula").

Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻomeheu o Rabindranath Tagore, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.

No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Tagore.

Kawaihae o Rabindranath Tagore

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Rabindranath Tagore ma ka lā 7 o Mei, 1861 ma Calcutta (Inidia Pelekane). Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i kahi ʻohana waiwai o nā mea nona ka ʻāina, e leʻaleʻa nei i ka hoʻolaha nui ʻana. ʻO ka haku mele ka muli loa o nā keiki a Debendranath Tagore a me kāna wahine ʻo Sarada Devi.

ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio

I ka piha ʻana o 5 mau makahiki o Rabindranath, ua hoʻouna aku kona mau mākua iā ia i ka Seminary Hikina, a ma hope ua hoʻololi ʻia i ke Kula Normal i kapa ʻia, kahi i ʻike ʻia e kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ke aʻo.

Ua ala ka makemake o Tagore i ka poema i ka wā kamaliʻi. I ka makahiki 8, ke haku nei ʻo ia i nā mele, a ke aʻo pū nei hoʻi i ka hana a nā mea kākau like ʻole. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he mau mākana nā kaikaina hoʻi ona.

ʻO kona kaikuaʻana he makemakika, ka haku mele a me ka mea hoʻokani pila, ʻoiai ua lilo kona mau kaikuaʻana waena i mea noʻonoʻo a mea kākau. Ma ke ala, ʻo ka moʻopuna a Rabindranath Tagore, ʻo Obonindranath, kekahi o nā mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kula o ka pena pena ʻo Bengali hou.

Ma waho o kāna leʻaleʻa no ka poema, ua aʻo ka wā no Nobel laureate i ka mōʻaukala, anatomy, geography, pena, a me Sanskrit a me English. I kona wā ʻōpio, ua huakaʻi ʻo ia no kekahi mau mahina me kona makuakāne. ʻOiai e huakaʻi ana, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia e aʻo iā ia iho.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tagore Sr. Brahmanism, e kipa pinepine nei i nā wahi laʻa like ʻole ma India. I ka hala ʻana o 14 mau makahiki o Rabindranath, ua hala kona makuahine.

Nā mele a me nā mele

Ke hoʻi nei i ka home mai nā huakaʻi huakaʻi, hoihoi nui ʻo Rabindranath i ke kākau ʻana. I ka makahiki 16, ua kākau ʻo ia i mau moʻolelo pōkole a me nā hana keaka, e hoʻopuka ana i kāna mau mele mua ma lalo o ka pseudonym Bhanu simha.

Ua koi aku ke poʻo o ka ʻohana e lilo kāna keiki i loio, ma muli o ka hopena i ka makahiki 1878 ua komo ʻo Rabindranath Tagore i ke Kulanui o Ke Kulanui ʻo London, kahi i aʻo ai i ke kānāwai. Ua hoʻomaka koke ʻo ia e makemake ʻole i ka ʻike kuʻuna.

Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua haʻalele ke kāne i ka ʻākau, makemake iā ia e heluhelu i nā moʻokalaleo moʻokalaleo. Ma Pelekane, ua heluhelu ʻo ia i nā palapala a William Shakespeare, a ua hōʻike pū i ka hoihoi i ka hana noʻeau a ka poʻe Pelekania.

I ka 1880 hoʻi ʻo Tagore i Bengal, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e hoʻolaha i kāna mau hana. Mai lalo o kāna peni i puka mai ai nā mele wale nō, akā, nā moʻolelo, nā moʻolelo, nā hana keaka a me nā moʻolelo. Ma kāna mau kākau ʻana, ua loaʻa ka mana o ka "ʻuhane ʻEulopa", a he hanana hou loa ia i loko o ka palapala Brahmin.

I loko o kēia wā o kona moʻomeheu, ua lilo ʻo Rabindranath Tagore i mea kākau o 2 hōʻiliʻili - "Nā mele ahiahi" a me "nā mele kakahiaka", a me ka puke "Chabi-O-Gan". I kēlā me kēia makahiki ua paʻi ʻia kāna mau hana hou aku, a ʻo kahi hopena i paʻi ʻia kahi hana 3-volume "Galpaguccha", nona nā hana he 84.

I kāna mau hana, hoʻopā pinepine ka mea kākau i ke kumuhana o ka ilihune, a hoʻomālamalama loa ʻia i nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi "Hungry Stones" a me "The Runaway", i paʻi ʻia ma 1895.

I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻopuka mua ʻo Rabindranath i kāna hōʻiliʻili kaulana o nā mele "Ke kiʻi o ka mea i aloha ʻia." Ma ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, e paʻi ʻia nā hōʻiliʻili mele a me nā mele - "The Golden Boat" a me "Moment". Mai ka 1908, ua hana ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana o "Gitanjali" ("Sacrimental Chants").

Aia ma loko o kēia hana he 150 mau paukū e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka mea nāna i hana. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kākau ʻia ʻana o nā mele i kahi ʻōlelo maopopo a maʻalahi hoʻi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā laina he nui mai iā lākou i mau ʻōlelo puanaʻī.

ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai ua loaʻa iā "Gitanjali" kahi kaulana e hoʻomaka ai lākou e unuhi a paʻi ʻia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. I kēlā manawa, ua kipa aku nā mōʻaukala ʻo Rabindranath Tagore i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa, a ʻo USA pū kekahi, ʻo Lūkia, Kina a me Iapana. I ka makahiki 1913 ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ia ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka Nobel Prize in Literature.

No laila, ʻo Rabindranath ka mea ʻĀkia mua i loaʻa i kēia makana. I ka manawa like, hāʻawi ka laureate i kāna uku i kāna kula ma Santiniketan, a lilo i kulanui mua me ke aʻo manuahi.

I ka makahiki 1915 ua loaʻa ʻo Tagore i ke poʻo o ka naita, akā ma hope o 4 mau makahiki ua hāʻawi ʻo ia iā ia - ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o nā kānaka kīwila ma Amritsar. I nā makahiki i hala aku, ua hana ʻo ia i ka mea hiki e aʻo i kāna mau hoa makaʻāinana ʻilihuna.

I nā makahiki 30, ua hōʻike ʻo Rabindranath iā ia iho i nā ʻano moʻokalaleo like ʻole. I loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu hana, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kākau o nā mele he haneli, nā moʻolelo he nui a me nā puke 8. I kāna mau hana, hoʻopā pinepine ʻo ia i nā pilikia o ka ʻilihune, ke ola kaiāulu, ka like ʻole o ka nohona, ka hoʻomana, a pēlā wale aku.

ʻO kahi wahi kūikawā i kā Tagore hana i lawe ʻia e ka hana "The Last Poem". I ka hopena o kona ola, ua hoihoi nui ʻo ia i ka ʻepekema. ʻO ka hopena, ua paʻi ka Nobel laureate i kekahi mau pepa i ka biology, astronomy a me ka physics.

ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai ʻaʻole pili ʻo Rabindranath no ka manawa lōʻihi me Einstein, me ia i kūkākūkā ai i nā pilikia ʻepekema like ʻole.

Mele a me nā kiʻi

ʻAʻole wale ka Hindu he mea kākau taleni. I loko o nā makahiki, ua haku ʻo ia ma kahi o 2,230 mau mele, me nā mele haipule. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kekahi o nā ʻōlelo a Rabindranath i mele ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka mea kākau.

ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻokau ʻia ka mele lāhui India ma ka mele a Tagore, a 20 mau makahiki ma hope mai ua lilo nā laina o Amar Shonar Bangla i mau mele kūhelu no ka ʻāina ʻo Bangladesh.

Hoʻohui ʻia, he mea kaha kiʻi ʻo Rabindranath nāna i kākau e pili ana i 2500 mau kahakaha. Ua hōʻike ʻia kāna mau hana i mau manawa ma India a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana ua hele ʻo ia i nā ʻano hana noʻeau, e like me ka realism a me ka manaʻo manaʻo.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kāna mau pena kiʻi e nā kala kuʻuna ʻole. Hoʻopili nā mea kākau moʻolelo o Tagore i kēia me ka makapō makapō. Hōʻike maʻamau ʻo ia i nā silhouette ma ka canvas me nā kaulike geometric pololei, kahi hopena o kona kuko i nā ʻepekema kikoʻī.

Ka hana kaiaulu

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia hou, ua noho ʻo Rabindranath Tagore ma kahi ʻohana ma kahi kokoke i Calcutta, kahi i hana ai i ka hana kākau, politika a me nā hana kaiaulu. Ua wehe ʻo ia i kahi hale hoʻomalu no nā kāne naʻauao, i komo pū me kahi kula, hale waihona puke a me ka hale pule.

Ua kākoʻo ʻo Tagore i nā manaʻo o ke kipi Tilak a hoʻokumu i ka neʻe Swadeshi, i kūʻē i ka ʻāpana o Bengal. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole ia i hoʻoikaika e hoʻokō i kēia pahuhopu ma o ke kaua, akā ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia ma o ka mālamalama o ka poʻe.

Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo Rabindranath i nā kālā no nā ʻoihana aʻo i hiki i ka poʻe ʻilihuna ke loaʻa ka hoʻonaʻauao manuahi. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei o kona ola, ua hāpai ʻo ia i ka hihia o ka mahele i nā castes, ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale i ka heluna kanaka i ke kūlana kaiaulu.

I hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua hui ʻo Tagore me Mahatma Gandhi, ke alakaʻi o ke kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa India, nona nā ʻano hana āna i ʻae ʻole ai. I loko o kēlā wā o kāna moʻomeheu, ua haʻi ʻōlelo ikaika ʻo ia ma nā mokuʻāina like ʻole, a ʻo ʻAmelike Hui Pū ʻIa kekahi, kahi i hōʻino ʻia ai ka lāhui.

Ua hana maikaʻi ʻole ʻo Rabindranath i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a Hitler i ka USSR. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo ia i ka manawa kūpono e loaʻa ka hoʻopaʻi i ka dictator Kelemania no nā hewa āpau āna i hana ai.

Ke ola pilikino

I ka manawa o ka haku mele ma kahi o 22 mau makahiki, ua male ʻo ia i kahi kaikamahine 10 makahiki nona ka inoa ʻo Mrinalini Devi, a no ka ʻohana o ka pirali brahmanas hoʻi. I kēia hui ʻana, he 5 keiki a ka wahine, a he ʻelua o lākou i make i ka wā kamaliʻi.

Ma hope ua hoʻomaka ʻo Tagore e mālama i nā ʻāina ʻohana nui ma ka moku Shelaidakhi, kahi i neʻe ai kāna wahine a me kāna mau keiki i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope. Hele pinepine ʻo ia a puni kāna waiwai ma ka moku kūkae, e ʻohiʻohi ana i nā uku a me ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me nā kamaʻāina nāna i hoʻonohonoho i nā lā nui no kona hanohano.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua kū mai kahi mau pōpilikia i ka moʻolelo pilikino o Rabindranath. I ka 1902, ua make kāna wahine, a i ka makahiki aʻe ua hala kāna kaikamahine a me kāna makuakāne. I ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua nalowale kāna keiki ʻē aʻe i make i ke kolera.

Make

4 mau makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Tagore e ʻeha i ka ʻeha mau loa i lilo i maʻi koʻikoʻi. I ka makahiki 1937, ua hāʻule ʻo ia i kahi koma, akā ua mālama nā kauka i kona ola. I ka 1940, ua hina hou ʻo ia i kahi koma, kahi āna i makemake ʻole ai e puka i waho.

Ua make ʻo Rabindranath Tagore ma ʻAukake 7, 1941 i ka makahiki 80. He pōʻino maoli kona make ʻana no ka poʻe ʻōlelo Bengali holoʻokoʻa, ka poʻe i kūmākena iā ia no kekahi manawa lōʻihi.