ʻO Johann Baptiste Strauss 2 (1825-1899) - haku mele Austrian, alakaʻi a me ka mea hoʻokani pila, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he "mōʻī o ka waltz", ka mea kākau o nā ʻāpana hulahula he nui a me nā operettas kaulana.
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino o Strauss, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Johann Strauss.
ʻO Biographie Strauss
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Johann Strauss ma ʻOkakopa 25, 1825 ma Vienna, ke kapikala o ʻAukekulia. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana o ka haku mele kaulana ʻo Johann Strauss Sr. a me kāna wahine ʻo Anna.
He ʻelua mau kaikunāne ka "mōʻī waltz" - ʻo Joseph lāua ʻo Edward, a ua lilo lāua i mau haku mele kaulana.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua lawe ʻo Johann i ke mele i kona wā liʻiliʻi. Ke nānā nei i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa lōʻihi a kona makuakāne, ua makemake pū ke keikikāne e lilo i mea hoʻokani pila kaulana.
Eia nō naʻe, kūʻē ʻē ʻia ke poʻo o ka ʻohana i kekahi o nā keikikāne e ukali ana i kona mau wāwae. ʻO kahi laʻana, paipai ʻo ia iā Johann e lilo i panakō. No kēia kumu, i ka wā i ʻike ai ʻo Strauss Sr. i kahi keiki me ka violin i kona mau lima, ua lele ʻo ia i ka huhū.
Mahalo wale i nā hana a kona makuahine, ua hiki iā Johann ke aʻo malū e pāʻani i ka violin mai kona makuakāne. Aia kekahi hihia kaulana i ka wā o ke poʻo o ka ʻohana, me ka huhū, i hahau aku i kahi keiki, e ʻōlelo ana e "kuʻi ʻo ia i ke mele mai ona aku" i hoʻokahi manawa. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hoʻouna ʻo ia i kāna keiki i ke Kula ʻoihana ʻoi loa, a i nā ahiahi ua hana ʻo ia iā ia ma ke ʻano he mea helu.
I ka makahiki 19 paha o Strauss, ua puka ʻo ia mai ke aʻo ʻana i nā mele mai nā kumu ʻoihana. A laila ua hāʻawi nā kumu iā ia e kūʻai i ka laikini kūpono.
I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka home, ua haʻi aku ke kanaka ʻōpio i kona makuahine ua hoʻolālā ʻo ia e noi i ka luna hoʻokolokolo no kahi laikini, e hāʻawi ana i ka kuleana e alakaʻi i kahi orchestra. ʻO ka wahine, makaʻu i ka pāpā aku kāna kāne iā Johann e hoʻokō i kāna pahuhopu, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e haʻalele iā ia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e pili ana i kāna hemo ʻana me ka kumakaia hou ʻana o kāna kāne, he ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli nō ia.
I ka hoʻopaʻi, ua hoʻonele ʻo Strauss Sr. i nā keiki a pau i hānau ʻia na Anna hoʻoilina. Ua kākau ʻo ia i ka waiwai holoʻokoʻa i kāna mau keiki keiki ʻole, nāna i hānau na kāna haku wahine ʻo Emilia Trumbush.
Ma hope koke o ka haki ʻana me Anna, ua kau inoa ke kāne me Emilia. I kēlā manawa, ua loaʻa iā lākou he 7 mau keiki.
Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o kona makuakāne i ka ʻohana, ua hiki iā Johann Strauss Jr. ke noʻonoʻo piha i ka mele. I ka wā i kū ai ka haunaele kipi i ka ʻāina i nā makahiki 1840, ua hui pū ʻo ia me nā Habsburgs, e kākau ana i ka Malaki o ka poʻe kipi (Marseillaise Vienna).
Ma hope o ke kāohi ʻana i ka haunaele, ua hopu ʻia ʻo Johann a hoʻokolokolo ʻia. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻaha e hoʻokuʻu i ke kāne. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia kona makuakāne, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kākoʻo i ke aupuni mōʻī ma ka haku ʻana iā "Radetzky's March".
A ʻoiai he pilikia paʻakikī loa ma waena o ke keikikāne a me ka makuakāne, ua mahalo ʻo Strauss Jr. i kona makua. I kona make ʻana i ke kuni ʻulaʻula i ka makahiki 1849, ua kākau ʻo Johann i kahi waltz "Aeolian Sonata" i kona hanohano, a hoʻopuka ʻia ma hope kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā hana a kona makuakāne ma kāna uku ponoʻī.
Mele
I ka makahiki 19, ua hoʻokele ʻo Johann Strauss e hoʻākoakoa i kahi orchestra liʻiliʻi, a ua hana maikaʻi ʻo ia ma kekahi o nā kapikala o ke kapitala. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka wā e aʻo ai i kēia, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Strauss Sr. e waiho i kahi haʻi ʻōlelo i loko o nā huila a kāna keiki.
Ua hoʻohana ke kāne i kāna mau pili āpau e pale i kāna keiki mai ka hana ʻana i nā wahi hanohano, e like me nā kinipōpō o ka pā hale. Akā, i loko o nā hana a ka makuakāne o Strauss Jr. talena, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i alakaʻi no ka ʻaha mele o ka pūʻali koa 2 o ka pūʻali koa lehulehu (ua alakaʻi kona makuakāne i ka orchestra o ka regiment 1st).
Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Johann ka ʻelemakule, ʻo Strauss, i hui pū ʻia i ka orchestras, hele huakaʻi ʻo ia ma ʻAukekulia a me nā ʻāina ʻEulopa ʻē aʻe. Ma nā wahi a ia e hana ai, hāʻawi mau ka poʻe hoʻolohe iā ia i kahi leo kū.
I ka hoʻāʻo e lanakila ma luna o ka Emepera hou ʻo Franz Joseph 1, hoʻolaʻa ka mea hoʻokani pila i 2 mau huakaʻi iā ia. ʻAʻole like me kona makuakāne, ʻaʻole ʻo Strauss he kanaka lili a haʻaheo. Ma ka ʻokoʻa, ua kōkua ʻo ia i nā kaikaina e kūkulu i kahi hana mele ma o ka hoʻouna ʻana iā lākou e hana ma kekahi mau hanana.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka manawa i hoʻopuka ai ʻo Johann Strauss i ka huaʻōlelo penei: "ʻOi aku nā kālena o nā kaikunāne ma mua oʻu, ʻo wau wale nō ka mea i makemake nui ʻia". Ua makana nui ʻo ia ma kāna ʻōlelo ponoʻī ke mele "ninini mai iā ia e like me ka wai mai ka piula."
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Strauss ʻo ia ka kūpuna o ka Viennese waltz, kahi o ia me kahi hoʻolauna, 4-5 hana melodic a me kahi hopena. I loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu hana, ua haku ʻo ia i nā waltze 168, a ʻo nā mea he nui e hana ʻia nei ma nā wahi nui loa o ka honua.
Ua hele mai ka wā hauʻoli o ka haku mele a ka mea haku mele i ka manawa o 1860-1870. I kēlā manawa ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna mau waltze ʻoi loa, e like me "Ma ka nani o ka Danube polū" a me nā "Tales from the Vienna Woods." Ma hope ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e haʻalele i kāna hana o ka ʻaha, e hāʻawi ana i kāna kaikaina iā Edward.
I nā makahiki 1870, ua holoholo nui ka Austrian a puni ka honua. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻoiai e hoʻokani ana ma ka Festival ʻo Bosetona, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i kahi moʻolelo honua ma o ka hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi mele, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 1000 mau mea mele!
I kēlā manawa, ua lawe ʻia ʻo Strauss e nā operettas, a lilo hou i mea hoʻokumu i kahi ʻano maʻamau. I loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu, ua hana ʻo Johann Strauss i nā hana he 496:
- nā aniani - 168;
- kia - 117;
- hulahula huinahā - 73;
- huakaʻi - 43;
- mazurkas - 31;
- operettas - 15;
- ʻO 1 opera mele a me 1 ballet.
Ua hiki i ka haku mele ke hāpai i nā mele hulahula i nā kiʻekiʻe symphonic i kahi ala kupaianaha.
Ke ola pilikino
Ua mākaʻikaʻi ʻo Johann Strauss iā Lūkia no 10 mau kau. Ma kēia ʻāina, ua launa ʻo ia me Olga Smirnitskaya, ka mea āna i hoʻomaka ai i ka ʻaha a ʻimi i ka lima.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole makemake nā mākua o ke kaikamahine e male i kā lāua kaikamahine i kahi haole. Ma hope, i ka manawa i ʻike ai ʻo Johann ua lilo kāna mea aloha i wahine na ka luna Lūkini ʻo Alexander Lozinsky, ua male ʻo ia i ka mea mele opera ʻo Butti Chalupetskaya.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka manawa a lāua i hui ai, ʻehiku keiki a Khalupetskaya mai nā kāne like ʻole āna i hānau ai ma waho o ka male. Eia kekahi, ʻo 7 ka makahiki o ka wahine ma mua o kāna kāne.
Eia naʻe, ua lilo kēia male i mea hauʻoli. He wahine kūpaʻa ʻo Butty a he hoa aloha maoli, mahalo iā Strauss i hiki ke hoʻomaka palekana me kāna hana.
Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Chalupetskaya i 1878, ua male ka Austrian i kahi mea pena kiʻi Kelemania ʻo Angelica Dietrich. Ua hala kēia male ma 5 mau makahiki, a ma hope ua hoʻoholo lāua e haʻalele. A laila hele ʻo Johann Strauss i lalo i ke alaloa no ke kolu o ka manawa.
ʻO ka mea aloha hou a ka mea haku mele ʻo ia ka wahine kāne make wahine wahine ʻo Adele Deutsch, ka wahine a ka mea mālama kālā. No ka pono o kāna wahine, ua ʻae ke kāne e hoʻohuli i kahi hoʻomana ʻē aʻe, e waiho ana i ka Katolika a me ke koho ʻana i ka Protestantism, a ʻae pū i ke kamaʻāina Kelemania.
ʻOiai ua male ʻo Strauss i ʻekolu mau manawa, ʻaʻohe o lākou keiki.
Make
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, hōʻole ʻo Johann Strauss e huakaʻi a aneane haʻalele ʻole i kona home. Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa o ka 25th anniversary of the operetta The Bat, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ʻo ia e alakaʻi i ka hoʻokani pila.
Ua wela loa ke kāne a loaʻa ʻo ia i ke anuanu koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua lilo ke anu i pulumonia, kahi a ka mea haku mele nui i make ai. Ua make ʻo Johann Strauss ma Iune 3, 1899 i ka makahiki 73.
Nā kiʻi Strauss
