ʻO ka Astrakhan Kremlin, i kūkulu ʻia ma kahi mokupuni kiʻekiʻe ʻo Hare, i hoʻopuni ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao āpau e nā muliwai: ʻo Volga, Kutuma a me Tsarev, i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he wahi kiaʻi i pale aku i nā palena hema o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Moscow mai nā hoʻouka kaua a ka ʻenemi mai ka lā o kona hoʻokumu Pani ʻia e ka Cossack Erik i loko o ke apo wai hoʻokahi, ua lilo ia i mea pale i nā poʻe komo hewa i hoʻāʻo e lawe iā Astrakhan.
Ma hope o nā paia pā ikaika, 22 mau hanana mōʻaukala a me nā moʻomeheu kūʻokoʻa o ka pale Lūkia, ka hale pule a me nā hoʻolālā kūloko o ka 16 - mālama ʻia nā kenekulia 20 a hiki i kēia lā, i loaʻa ke kūlana o nā wahi pekelala ma lalo o ka pale o ka mokuʻāina.
Mōʻaukala o ka Astrakhan Kremlin
Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ke kūkulu pale kaua Kremlin ma waenakonu o ke kenekulia 16 e like me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻenekinia Vyrodkov me ka pā pā lāʻau pālua. Ua piha nā puka o ka paia i ka honua a me nā pōhaku nui. ʻO ka pā hale paʻa i kāna hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke ʻano o kahi huinakolu kihi me ka ʻaoʻao i kuhikuhi ʻia i ke komohana hema. ʻEhā mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia he hale kiaʻi a me kahi puka komo i loko o ka Kremlin.
Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o nā ʻāina hou i ka mokuʻāina Lūkia a me ke kiʻi ʻana i ke kai Caspian, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mea nui o ka hale paʻa. I ke au o ʻIvana ka weliweli, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o kahi hale paʻa pōhaku, a ua pau me Boris Godunov. Ua ulu a paʻakikī nā hale paʻa, ka hale pule a me nā hale civila a puni ka hale kiaʻi.
Hale kia bele ʻo Prechistenskaya
ʻO ka puka komo Prechistenskaya Gate kū kūʻē i ke kāʻei kua o ka lani me kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻehā ʻelima keʻokeʻo 80 mika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kāʻei, kūkulu ʻia i loko o nā makahiki he ʻekahi o ke kenekulia 18, kūkulu hou ʻia i ʻehā mau manawa ma muli o ka pali mau ʻana o ka lepo i lalo. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, maopopo leʻa ke ʻano o ke kāhea ʻia e nā kamaʻāina he "Leaning Tower of Pisa" kūloko.
ʻO ka makahiki 1910 kahi hānau hou no ka hale kia bele kūikawā mahalo i ka mea hoʻolālā Karyagin, nāna i kūkulu ia i loko o ka Old Russian style style of architecture. I ka makahiki 1912, ua hoʻonani ʻia ka belfry me nā mele mele uila, e hoʻokuʻu ana i kahi mele melodic i kēlā me kēia 15 minuke, a ma ka hola 12:00 a me 18:00 - e hoʻokani nei i ke mele laʻa a Mikhail Glinka "Glory". ʻO kēlā hale kiaʻi bele Prechistenskaya, i hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi o nā ala mākaʻikaʻi he nui, ʻike mākou i kēia lā.
Hale Pule Manaʻo
Ma kahi kokoke i ka hale kiaʻi kaulana e kū nei ka Hale Pule Nui o ka manaʻo o ka pōmaikaʻi wahine ʻo Mary, i kūkulu ʻia mai ka makahiki 1699 no 12 mau makahiki. ʻO ka hale pule kiʻekiʻe ʻelua kūlana kiʻekiʻe, kūkulu ʻia i nā kuʻuna o ka halepule ʻo Moscow Baroque, e ala aʻe ana, e ʻālohilohi ana me ke gula he ʻelima mau domes i hoʻopili ʻia me nā keʻa. ʻOluʻolu nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo hau me ke ʻano o ke kālai pōhaku openwork.
ʻO ka luakini o ka papa haʻahaʻa, hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka hālāwai o ka Ikona o ka makuahine ʻo Vladimir o ke Akua, ma lalo, i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he hale kanu o nā kāhuna kūlana kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa iā ia ka crayfish me nā relics o nā haipule: Theodosius a me Metropolitan Joseph, i pepehi ʻia i ka wā o Stepan Razin, ua kanu ʻia nā mōʻī o Georgia - ua kanu ʻia ʻo Vakhtang VI a me Teimuraz II.
ʻO ka Church Assuming, aia ma ka papa kiʻekiʻe, kahi hale kiʻekiʻe i manaʻo ʻia no nā lawelawe akua. ʻO nā paia marble, nā puka aniani ʻelua, nā kolamu, kahi iconostasis hanohano, nā fresko kaupaku o ke kaila Byzantine a me nā pena Palekh o nā pahu kani - ʻo kēia ka hiʻohiʻona o ka luakini i mua o ka poʻe kipa.
Trinity Cathedral a me Cyril Chapel
ʻO ka hale pule i kūkulu ʻia no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka Trinity-Life of Trinity i 1576 ma kahi mōneka kāne, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hale kahiko loa ma Kremlin. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 17, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hale pule lāʻau e kahi hale pule pōhaku, i kūkulu hou ʻia i mau manawa he ʻekolu mau haneli ma hope o ke ahi a me nā kaua.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka Trinity Cathedral kahi hui o nā hale pule ʻekolu: Sretenskaya, Vvedenskaya a me Trinity, aia ma ka hale haʻahaʻa me nā hale ʻelua e pili pū ana me lākou. Aia i loko o ka hale pule ka hale kupapaʻu o nā bihopa mua o Astrakhan. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o waho o ka luakini e waiho ana nā koena o 441 poʻe noho o Astrakhan, i hoʻomāinoino ʻia e nā kipi ʻo Stepan Razin.
ʻO nā helehelena o ka Trinity Cathedral i hoʻihoʻi nui ʻia a lawe ʻia mai i ko lākou ʻano maoli. I ka makahiki 2018, hoʻomau ka hana hou ʻana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i loko o ka luakini.
Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e nānā i ka Novgorod Kremlin.
Ma kahi kokoke i ka hale pule nui e kū nei ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Cyril, kahi i kanu ʻia ai ka abota mua o ka Trinity Monastery, ʻo Cyril.
ʻO ka hale pule ʻo Gate of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker
ʻO ka halepule puka, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka haipule, e like me ka moʻomeheu Karistiano kahiko, lilo i kahu no ke kūlanakauhale a me nā kamaʻāina. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻīpuka ʻo Nikolsky ma ka hale kiaʻi ʻākau a me ka halepule o St. Nicholas the Wonderworker i ka manawa like me ka hana ʻana o ka pōhaku ʻo Astrakhan Kremlin.
Ua hele nā puka i ka uapo kahi i hoʻokau ʻia ai nā moku like ʻole, e like me ka moku o Peter I, i kipa aku i Kremlin i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 18. I ka makahiki 1738, ua kūkulu hou ʻia ka halepule ʻīpuka huluhulu i kahi kaila maʻamau o nā makahiki waena Lūkia. ʻO nā paia o ka hale pule pōhaku keʻokeʻo mana, uhi ʻia me ka hale lole, pāpale ʻia me kahi dome onioni, i ʻike ʻia ma luna aʻe o nā paʻa o ka puka o ka puka.
ʻO nā hale kiaʻi Kremlin
Ua pale ʻia ʻo Astrakhan Kremlin e kahi ʻōnaehana elaborate o 8 mau hale kiaʻi, i pili ʻia e nā alahele: makapō, aia i loko o ka paia, kihi, e puka ana mai ka paia a huakaʻi, aia i ka puka pā. ʻO nā paia o ka hale kiaʻi i 3.5 mau mika ka mānoanoa. ʻO nā hale lole o lākou i kau ʻia me nā hale lole lāʻau, kahi e noho ai nā hale kiaʻi. Ua hana kēlā me kēia hale kiaʻi i kāna hana ponoʻī ke pale aku i ka hale paʻa.
- Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hale kiaʻi makapō o ka pīhopa ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka puka nui o Kremlin - ka hale kiaʻi puka Prechistenskaya. ʻO nā paia hale kiaʻi i ko lākou ʻano i kēia manawa i kūkulu ʻia i ka kūkulu hou ʻana o 1828. Ua kapa ʻia ka hale kiaʻi o ka pīhopa i ka makahiki 1602, i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka diakese ʻo Astrakhan, kahi ʻāina i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina hema o Kremlin. Kūkulu ʻia kahi hale pōhaku ʻelua hale o ka Metropolitan ma ka pā o ka pīhopa - kahi hale me nā keʻena a me kahi hale pule. Ma muli o ke kūkulu hou ʻana, ua lilo ka hale o ka pīhopa i ʻehā mau waihona. Mai ka hale kumu ma ke alo o ka helehelena, ua ola ʻekolu mau kile kahiko, kahi e hōʻike nei: ʻo Alexander Nui me kahi peʻahi, e holo ana i kahi lio, he liona e kiaʻi ana i ka hale aliʻi a me ke kiʻi o kahi moʻo ʻēheu.
- ʻO Zhitnaya makapō hale kiaʻi, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka pā kaua, i mālama ʻia i kona ʻano kumu mahalo i ke kai a me nā hale mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa o ka hale kiaʻi i ka Zhitny Dvor - he wahi paʻa i ka pā kokoke i ka paia hema, kahi i waho o nā hale no ka mālama ʻana i ka palaoa a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe.
- ʻO kahi hale paʻa hale kuli - ka Crimean Tower, i loaʻa ka inoa mai kona wahi i kū pono i ke ala Crimean, kahi a nā Krymchaks i hoʻouka aku ai. Ua kūkulu hou ʻia kēia mana ikaika no ka poino i loaʻa iā ia i ka wā e pale aku ai i ka hoʻouka kaua a ka ʻenemi.
- Aia ka hale kiaʻi Red Gate ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana komohana o ka paia Kremlin ma luna aʻe o ka pali kiʻekiʻe o Volga. He ʻokoʻa ia mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi kūkulu ʻaoʻao 12 me kahi kaupaku i uhi ʻia, a hāʻawi ʻia i kahi pōmaikaʻi i ka pale āpau mai ka ʻenemi. Wahi a nā hōʻike i koe i kākau ʻia, ua lele nā pūkuniahi mai kēia hale kiaʻi 200-300 mau mika, a mai ka paepae patrol, ua kiaʻi ʻia ke kapa kūpono o ka Volga, mai kahi a nā ʻenemi a me nā kaʻa kaʻa me nā meaʻai, e hōʻea ana i ka muliwai. Ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka hale kiaʻi ma muli o kona hiehie nani. Ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ʻana o 1958, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hōʻikeʻike hale hōʻikeʻike i loko ona, kahi e hōʻike ai nā mea hōʻike e pili ana i ka mea nāna i kūkulu ʻo Kremlin, nā kiʻi kahiko e hōʻike ʻole nei i nā ʻike o Kremlin, nā palapala ʻāina maʻamau a me nā kiʻi o Astrakhan kahiko.
- Kaha ʻia ke kihi ʻākau hikina o ka pā paʻa e ka Artillery Tower, e pili ana i ka pā Zelein (ka pauda) mua. ʻO ka makasina paukū medieval mālama i hoihoi i ka pā. ʻAʻole hana ka hale kiaʻi i ka hana pale kaua a Kremlin wale nō, akā i ke kenekulia 17, i ka wā o ke kaua mahiʻai ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Stepan Razin, he wahi ia o ka hale paʻahao no nā aliʻi a me nā luna, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā nīnauele me ka hoʻomāinoino a me ka pepehi kanaka. No laila, kapa akula ka poʻe iā ia, ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Torture. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ma hope o ka kaomi ʻia ʻana o ke kūʻē o Razin e ke aupuni tsarist, ua like ka hopena o ka poʻe kipi i ka hale kiaʻi. Ua lilo ka Zeleyny Dvor Square i wahi e hōʻike ʻia ai nā pūkuniahi kahiko, a ma loko o ka hale kiaʻi aia kahi hōʻike e hōʻike ana i nā mea kipa e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻi kino i nā kenekulia 16 - 18th ma ke aupuni Moscow. Ke iho nei ma lalo o nā pio o ka Powder Magazine, e loaʻa i ka poʻe kipa i ka hōʻike kūkākūkā ka ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i ke kumu a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o nā pū.
Ka mea pohihihi o ka puka wai
Ma ke kūkulu hou ʻia ʻana o 1970 kahi ʻāpana o ka paia pā kaua mai Nikolsky a i ka Red Gate, ua loaʻa kahi ala huna huna honua ma lalo o ke kahua o ka hale maʻi maʻi ma mua o nā koa. ʻO ka ala hele i ʻeli ʻia ma lalo o ka honua i lī ʻia me nā pōhaku lepo. ʻO ka puka i waho ua pani ʻia e ka hao hao kaumaha e piʻi a hina i ke kaʻapuni ʻana o ka pahu mīkini. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ka moʻolelo kaulana e pili ana i ka ʻaoʻao i lalo i ka Volga. ʻO ka wahi hūnā ma lalo o ka mauna kahi puka wai i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he ala hoʻokahi wale nō e hoʻopiha i nā lako wai i ka wā o ka pā o ka hale paʻa.
Hale kiaʻi
Ua kūkulu ʻia ka hale kiaʻi mua i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 18 i ke au o Peter I. ʻO ka hale kiaʻi, i ʻike ʻia i nā maka o nā malihini o Kremlin i kēia lā, mai ka makahiki 1808. Kūkulu ʻia ia ma ke kahua o ka hale kiaʻi kahiko no ke koa kiaʻi. I kēia manawa, alakaʻi ʻia nā huakaʻi a puni ka hale kiaʻi, kahi e ʻike ai ka poʻe kipa i nā kikoʻī hoihoi o ke ola a me ka lawelawe o nā koa i ka kenekulia 19, e nānā i ka loko o ka lumi o ka luna a me ke keʻena o ka luna koa, a e kipa aku i nā wahi no nā paʻahao.
Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kremlin
ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka hale hōʻikeʻike ʻo "Astrakhan Kremlin" no nā mea kipa ʻo 1974. ʻO nā mea i hoʻoliʻiliʻi hou ʻia me: kahi hale hōʻikeʻike moʻomeheu me kahi hōʻiliʻili kū hoʻokahi a me nā hōʻike he nui e hōʻike ana i ka moʻaukala o Kremlin, Astrakhan a me Rukia mai ka Middle Ages a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO ka hale lole mua kahi home i kahi kikowaena hōʻike e hoʻolauna nei i nā hōʻike o nā mea pena kiʻi kaulana, nā kiʻi wax a me nā hana ʻepekema. I kēlā me kēia makahiki e hōʻike ana ka Astrakhan Opera House i ka opera "Boris Godunov" e kūʻē ana i ke kua o nā mea mōʻaukala e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he ākea.
He moʻolelo kaʻao ko kēlā me kēia hale o ka Kremlin a me kāna mau mea huna, i haʻi ʻoluʻolu ʻia e nā alakaʻi. Mai ka hale kiaʻi o ka puka ʻulaʻula, ʻike ʻia nā manaʻo kupaianaha a kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi nani e hoʻomanaʻo ai iā Astrakhan a me kāna momi - ka Kremlin.
Aia ma hea ka Astrakhan Kremlin, e wehe ana i nā hola a pehea e hele ai i laila
ʻO ka wahi noho o ka hale hōʻikeʻike mokulele: Astrakhan, ke alanui Trediakovskogo, 2.
ʻO nā hola hana maʻalahi mai 7:00 a 20:00 e ʻae iā ʻoe e noho ma ka ʻāina ʻo Kremlin i ka lā holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole paʻakikī e kiʻi i ka ʻike kū hoʻokahi. Ma kahi kokoke i ke kahua kaʻaahi, ma kahi e kū nei ke kahua kaʻa bus, aia nā kaʻa kaʻa # 30, trolleybus # 2 a me nā minibus he nui. E hele ʻoe i Lenin Square a i ʻole Square o ʻOkakopa. He kīloi pōhaku wale lākou mai ka Kremlin, alakaʻi ʻia e ka hale kia bele Prechistenskaya.
ʻO ka nani o nā mea hana pōhaku keʻokeʻo o ka hoʻolālā Lūkini, e like me ka magnet, hoʻonāukiuki i ka nui o nā mea mākaʻikaʻi i ka Astrakhan Kremlin. ʻAʻole haʻalele ka manaʻo o kahi ikehu maʻamau i lawe i nā manawa o Kahuna Kahiki ma aneʻi, e hoʻihoʻi i ka makemake e hoʻi hou iā Astrakhan.
