ʻO ka helu o nā mea pohihihi i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka honua e liʻiliʻi ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau o ka ʻenehana, ke alu like ʻana o nā ʻepekema mai nā ʻano ʻepekema ʻē aʻe e hōʻike iā mākou i nā mea huna a me nā mea pohihihi o ka mōʻaukala. Akā ʻo nā mea huna o nā pyramid e hōʻole mau nei i ka ʻike - hāʻawi wale nā ʻike āpau i nā pane ʻepekema i nā nīnau he nui. Na wai i kūkulu i nā pyramids ʻAigupita, he aha ka ʻenehana kūkulu, aia kahi hōʻino o nā pharaohs - ke waiho nei kēia mau nīnau a me nā nīnau ʻē aʻe me ka pane ʻole ʻole.
Ka wehewehe o nā piramida ʻAigupita
Kamaʻilio ka poʻe archaeologists e pili ana i nā pyramid 118 ma ʻAigupita, hapa a i ʻole mālama ʻia i ko mākou manawa. ʻO ko lākou makahiki mai 4 a 10 tausani makahiki. ʻO kekahi o lākou - Cheops - ʻo ia wale nō ka "hana mana" e ola nei mai ka "ʻehiku Manaʻo o ka Honua". ʻO ka mea paʻakikī i kapa ʻia ʻo "Great Pyramids of Giza", kahi e komo pū ai ka pyramid o Cheops, ua manaʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea i komo i ka hoʻokūkū "New Seven Wonder of the World", akā ua kāpae ʻia ia mai ke komo ʻana, ʻoiai he "mea kupaianaha" kēia o ka honua i ka papa inoa kahiko.
Ua lilo kēia mau pyramids i mau wahi mākaʻikaʻi i ʻike nui ʻia ma ʻAigupita. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia lākou, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā hanana ʻē aʻe he nui - ʻaʻole lokomaikaʻi ka manawa iā lākou. Ua kōkua pū kekahi mau kamaʻāina kūloko i ka luku ʻia o nā necropolises hanohano ma o ka hemo ʻana i ka pale a wāwahi i nā pōhaku mai nā paia e kūkulu i ko lākou mau home.
Ua kūkulu ʻia nā pyramids ʻAigupita e nā pharaoh i noho aliʻi mai ka XXVII kenekulia BC. e a ma hope. Ua manaʻo ʻia lākou no ka hoʻomaha o nā luna. ʻO ka pālākiō nui o nā hale kupapaʻu (ʻo kekahi - a kokoke i 150 m) i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike i ka nui o nā pharaoh i kanu ʻia; eia kekahi mau mea a ke aliʻi e aloha ai i kona wā e ola ana a he mea pono ia iā ia ma hope.
No ke kūkulu ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā palaka pōhaku o nā nui like ʻole, i hollowed ʻia mai loko mai o nā pōhaku, a ma hope lilo ka brick i mea no nā paia. Ua huli a hoʻoponopono ʻia nā ālai pōhaku i hiki ʻole i kahi pahi ke heʻe ma waena o lākou. Hoʻopili ʻia nā palaka ma luna o kekahi me kahi offset o kekahi mau kenimika, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia i luna o ka hale. ʻAneʻane loaʻa i nā piramida ʻAigupita kahi kahua kūlike, a ʻo nā ʻaoʻao e kuhikuhi pono i nā kiko cardinal.
Ma muli o ka hana ʻana o nā pyramids i ka hana like, ʻo ia hoʻi, he wahi kanu ia o nā pharaohs, a laila i loko o ka hale a me ka hoʻonaninani like lākou. ʻO ka mea nui ka hale ilina, kahi i hoʻokau ʻia ai ka sarcophagus o ka luna. ʻAʻole hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka puka i ka pae honua, akā he mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe, a ua uhi ʻia e nā alo papa. Mai ka puka e komo ai i ka hale o loko, he mau alapiʻi a me nā alaloa, i kekahi manawa ʻololī loa e hiki ai ke hele wāwae me lākou wale nō a kolo paha.
I ka hapanui o nā necropolises, nā keʻena kanu (nā keʻena) ma lalo o ka pae honua. Lawe ʻia ka ea ma o nā kaha kūiki, e hoʻopili i nā paia. Loaʻa nā kiʻi pena pōhaku a me nā moʻolelo haipule kahiko ma nā paia o nā piramida he nui - ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, mai iā lākou e loaʻa ai i ka ʻepekema kekahi ʻike e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā mea nona nā kanu.
ʻO nā mea pohihihi nui o nā pyramids
Hoʻomaka ka papa inoa o nā mea pohihihi i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia me ke ʻano o nā necropolises. No ke aha i koho ʻia ai ke kinona pyramid, i unuhi ʻia mai ka Greek mai "polyhedron"? No ke aha e nānā pono ai nā helehelena i nā kiko cardinal? Pehea i neʻe ai nā āpana pōhaku nunui mai ka pūnaewele mining a pehea i hānai ʻia ai i kahi kiʻekiʻe loa? Ua kūkulu ʻia nā hale e nā malihini a i ʻole ka poʻe nona kahi aniani kilokilo?
Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā kānaka ʻepekema no ka nīnau o ka mea nāna i kūkulu i nā hale monumental kiʻekiʻe i kū no nā makahiki he tausani. Manaʻo kekahi ua kūkulu ʻia lākou e nā kauā i make i nā haneli haneli i kēlā me kēia hale. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike hou nā mea hou i ʻike ʻia e nā archeologists a me nā anthropologists he poʻe manuahi ka poʻe kūkulu hale i loaʻa ka meaʻai maikaʻi a me ka mālama olakino. Ua hoʻoholo lākou e like me ka haku ʻana o nā iwi, ke ʻano o nā iwi iwi a me nā ʻeha i hoʻōla ʻia o nā mea kūkulu kanu.
ʻO nā make āpau a me nā make o ka poʻe e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā piramida ʻAigupita i pili i nā kuʻikahi mystical, i hoʻonāukiuki i nā lono a kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hōʻino ʻia o nā pharaohs. ʻAʻohe hōʻike ʻepekema no kēia. Ua hoʻomaka paha nā lono e hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻaihue a me nā ʻaihue e makemake nei e loaʻa nā mea waiwai a me nā mea hoʻonani i loko o nā ilina.
Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā lā palena paʻa no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pyramid ʻAigupita i nā mea hoihoi pohihihi. Wahi a nā helu, pono e kūkulu ʻia nā meaola nui me kēlā pae o ka ʻenehana i hoʻokahi kenekulia. Pehea, e laʻa ai, ua kūkulu ʻia ka pyramid Cheops ma 20 mau makahiki wale nō?
ʻO Pyramids Nui
ʻO kēia ka inoa o ka hale kanu ma kahi kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Giza, nona ʻekolu mau pyramid nui, kahi kiʻi nui o ka Sphinx a me nā pyramid ukali liʻiliʻi, i manaʻo ʻia no nā wahine a nā luna.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kumu o ka pyramid Cheops ʻo 146 m, ka lōʻihi o ka ʻaoʻao - 230 m. Kūkulu ʻia i 20 mau makahiki i ka XXVI kenekulia BC. ʻO ka nui loa o nā palena ʻāina ʻAigupita, ʻaʻohe ona hoʻokahi, akā, ʻekolu mau hale kanu. Aia kekahi ma lalo o ka pae honua, a aia ʻelua ma luna o ka palena haʻahaʻa. Ke alakaʻi nei i nā passageways i nā keʻena kanu. Ma luna o lākou hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ke keʻena o ka pharaoh (mōʻī), i ke keʻena o ke mōʻī wahine a i ka hale haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka lumi o pharaoh kahi keʻena granite ʻalani me nā ana o 10x5 m. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi granite sarcophagus me ka ʻole o kahi uhi. ʻAʻohe o nā hōʻike ʻepekema i loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i nā mummies i loaʻa, no laila ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia inā ua kanu ʻia ʻo Cheops ma aneʻi. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka mummy o Cheops i nā hale kupapaʻu ʻē aʻe.
Ke waiho mau nei ia i kahi mea pohihihi inā paha i hoʻohana ʻia ka pyramid o Cheops no kāna kumu i manaʻo ʻia ai, a inā pēlā, a laila, ua ʻaihue ʻia e ka poʻe pōā i nā kenekulia i hala. ʻO ka inoa o ka mōʻī, nāna ke kauoha a me ka papahana i kūkulu ʻia ai kēia hale kupapaʻu, ua aʻo ʻia mai nā kiʻi a me nā hieroglyphs ma luna aʻe o ke keʻena kanu. ʻO nā pyramid ʻAigupita ʻē aʻe, koe wale ʻo Djoser, loaʻa kahi ʻano ʻenekini maʻalahi.
ʻElua mau ʻano neropolises ʻē aʻe ma Giza, i kūkulu ʻia no nā hoʻoilina o Cheops, he akahai i ka nui:
Hele mai nā mākaʻikaʻi i Giza mai nā ʻāina a pau o ʻAigupita, no ka mea he wahi kaiā maoli kēia kūlanakauhale o Cairo, a alakaʻi nā hoʻololi a pau iā ia. Hele pinepine nā huakaʻi mai Rūkia i Giza ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā hui huakaʻi mai Sharm el-Sheikh a me Hurghada. Lōʻihi ka huakaʻi, 6-8 mau hola i hoʻokahi ala, no laila hoʻolālā pinepine ʻia ka huakaʻi no 2 mau lā.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hale nunui i nā hola ʻoihana, maʻamau a hiki i ka 5 pm, i ka mahina o Lamadana - a hiki i ka 3 pm. ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia e hele i loko no nā asthmatics, a me nā poʻe e ʻeha nei i ka claustrophobia, nā hopohopo a me nā maʻi puʻuwai. E lawe maoli ʻoe i ka wai inu a me nā pāpale me ʻoe i ka huakaʻi. ʻO ka uku huakaʻi he ʻāpana nui:
- Komo i ka paʻakikī.
- ʻO ka puka i loko o ka pyramid o Cheops a i ʻole Khafre.
- Ke komo i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka Solar Boat, kahi i lawe ʻia ai ke kino o ka pharaoh ma o ka Nile.
Kū'ē i ke kua o nā piramida ʻAigupita, makemake nā poʻe he nui e paʻi kiʻi, e noho ana ma nā kāmelo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolimalima me nā mea kāmelo.
ʻO Pyramid o Djoser's
Aia ka pyramid mua ma ka honua ma Saqqara, kokoke i Memphis, ke kapikala mua o ʻAigupita Kahiki. I kēia lā, ʻaʻole nani ka pyramid o Djoser i ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e like me ka nekropolis o Cheops, akā i hoʻokahi manawa ʻo ia ka nui loa ma ka ʻāina a ʻoi loa ka paʻakikī e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana.
ʻO nā hale kanu nā hale pule, nā pā hale, a me nā wahi e waiho ai. ʻO ka pyramid ʻeono ʻāpana ponoʻī ʻaʻohe ona kahua square, akā he huinahā like, me nā ʻaoʻao 125x110 m. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hale ponoʻī he 60 m, aia he 12 mau hale kanu ma loko ona, kahi i kanu ʻia ai ʻo Djoser iho a me nā lālā o kona ʻohana. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka mummy o ka pharaoh i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana. ʻO ka panalāʻau holoʻokoʻa, 15 hectares, ua hoʻopuni ʻia e ka pā pōhaku 10 m ke kiʻekiʻe. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka paia a me nā hale ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ka pyramid, nona nā makahiki e kokoke ana i 4700 mau makahiki, ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia.
