Ua ʻike ʻia nā lichens mai ka wā kahiko. ʻOiai ʻo Theophrastus nui, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he "makuakāne o ka botany", i wehewehe i ʻelua mau ʻano lichens - rocella a loaʻa ka manawa. I kēīa mau makahiki, ua hoʻohana ikaika ʻia lākou no ka hana ʻana i nā kala a me nā mea ʻaʻala. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kēlā manawa, ua kapa pinepine ʻia nā lichens he mosses, a he limu paha, a i ʻole "chaos kūlohelohe."
Ma hope o kēlā, no ka manawa lōʻihi, pono nā ʻepekema e hoʻokaʻawale i nā lichens ma ke ʻano he mau mea kanu haʻahaʻa, a i kēia manawa wale nō i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai lākou me he lāhui ʻokoʻa, a ʻoi aku ka nui o 25840 mau lunamakaʻāinana ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka helu kikoʻī o ia ʻano, akā nui a hou aku nā ʻano hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ke hana nei nā ʻepekema i ka noiʻi e pili ana i nā laikini, a ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokumu i kēlā mau mea kanu hiki ke noho i nā wahi acidic a me nā alkaline. ʻO ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui he hiki i nā lichens ke noho ma mua o 15 mau lā me ka ʻole o ka ea a ma waho o kā mākou lewa.
1. ʻO nā ʻano āpau o nā laikini he kolone ia e symbiotic me nā limu, fungi, a me cyanobacteria.
2. Loaʻa nā laikini i nā kūlana o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. E hana i kēia, e hele maʻalahi i kahi ʻano fungus me nā koʻohune a me nā limu.
3. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "lichen" ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻike o kēia mau meaola i ka maʻi ʻili i kapa ʻia ʻo "lichen".
4. Liʻiliʻi ka ulu ʻana o kēlā me kēia lāhui lichen: ma lalo o 1 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kēlā mau lichens e ulu i nā anuanu anuanu e ulu iki ma mua o 3-5 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
5. ʻO nā ʻano laulaha kaulana loa o ka mahi ʻai, hana ʻia nā laikini ma kahi o 20 pākēneka. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka helu o nā limu e hana hou ai i nā laikini. Ma mua o ka hapalua o nā laikini a pau i kā lākou haku ponoʻī i loaʻa i ka unicellular green gga trebuxia.
6. Nui nā lichens i lilo i hānai holoholona. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia ma ka ʻākau.
7. Hiki i nā laikini ke hāʻule i loko o kahi ola me ka ʻole o ka wai, akā ke loaʻa lākou i ka wai, hoʻomaka lākou e hana hou. ʻO nā kūlana i ola ke ʻano o nā mea kanu ma hope o ka hana ʻole ʻana no 42 mau makahiki e ʻike ʻia.
8. I ka hoʻokumu ʻia e nā paleontologists, ua ʻike ʻia nā lichens ma kā mākou honua ma mua o ka noho ʻana o nā dinosaur mua. ʻO ka fossil kahiko loa o kēia ʻano he 415 miliona mau makahiki.
9. Ulu ulu ʻo Lichens me ka wikiwiki, akā noho lōʻihi lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke noho no nā haneli a i kekahi manawa he mau kaukani mau makahiki. ʻO Lichens kekahi o nā mea ola lōʻihi.
10. ʻAʻohe aʻa o ka lichens, akā pili pono lākou i ka substrate e nā mea ulu kūikawā aia ma lalo o ka thallus.
11. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Lichens nā meaola bioindicator. Ke ulu nei lākou i nā wahi maʻemaʻe wale nō, a no laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi nui nui a me nā wahi ʻoihana.
12. Aia nā ʻano laikini i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kala.
13. I ka hoʻohanohano ʻana iā 44 US Pelekikena Barack Obama, ua koho ʻia kahi ʻano lichen hou. Ua ʻike ʻia ma 2007 i ka wā o ka noiʻi ʻepekema ma Kaleponi. ʻO ia ka mua o nā ʻano mea kanu ma ka honua i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka pelekikena.
14. Ua hiki i nā ʻepekema ke hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lichen i nā amino acid e pono ai no ke kino o ke kanaka.
15. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau o nā laikini i ʻike ʻia mai ka wā kahiko. Ma Helene kahiko, ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi pulmonary.
16. Pono nā koʻAigupita kahiko e hoʻohana i nā laikini e hoʻopiha i nā kino o ka mummy.
17. O nā laikini a pau e ulu ana ma nā panalāʻau o ko mākou mokuʻāina, ma kahi o 40 mau ʻano i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book.
18. ʻO ka Lichens ka mea e noho mua ma nā substrates like ʻole a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lepo, ke ala i ke koena o nā mea kanu.
19. ʻAʻole kū ka Photosynthesis i ka alpine lichen a hiki i ka mahana o ka ea o -5 ° C, a mālama ʻia nā mea hana photosynthetic o kā lākou thalli maloʻo me ka ʻole o ka haunaele ma kahi mahana o 100 ° C.
20. Ma ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, manaʻo ʻia nā laikini he auto-heterotrophs. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama pū i ka ikehu lā a decompose mineral a me nā mea kūlohelohe.
