Ma ka Moana Pākīpika Hema ma waena o ʻAmelika a me ʻAikia ka mokupuni ʻo Easter. ʻO kahi ʻāpana ʻāina mamao loa mai nā wahi i noho ʻia a me nā alanui kai torny ʻaʻole hiki ke hoihoi i ka manaʻo o kekahi inā ʻaʻole no nā kiʻi nunui i kālai ʻia mai ka puʻu pele i nā haneli mau makahiki i hala. ʻAʻohe mea minerala a mea kanu tropical paha ma ka mokupuni. Mahanahana ke aniau, akā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu e like me nā mokupuni o Polinesia. ʻAʻohe hua exotic, ʻaʻohe hopu holoholona, ʻaʻohe lawaiʻa akamai. ʻO nā kiʻi Moai nā mea hoihoi i ka Easter Island a i ʻole Rapanui, no ka mea, ua kāhea ʻia i ka ʻōlelo kūloko.
I kēia manawa ua ʻumeʻume nā kiʻi kiʻi i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi, a ua hōʻino lākou i ka mokupuni. ʻAʻole wale nā mea mākaʻikaʻi e like me James Cook i holo aku ma aneʻi, akā ʻo nā poʻe ʻimi hānai kauā hoʻi. ʻAʻole kūlike ka nohona a me ka lāhui o ka mokupuni, a ua kū ka hakakā koko ma waena o ka lehulehu, ʻo ke kumu o ia e hoʻokahuli a luku i nā kiʻi no ka ʻohana o ka ʻenemi. Ma muli o ka hoʻololi o ka ʻāina, ka paio kīwila, nā maʻi a me nā meaʻai ʻole, ua nalowale maoli ka heluna kanaka o ka mokupuni. ʻO ka hoihoi wale nō o ka poʻe noiʻi a me kekahi mau palupalu o ka pono i ʻae ʻia kēlā mau kakini he kanikau i loaʻa ma ka mokupuni e nā poʻe ʻEulopa i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19 e ola.
Ua hōʻoia ka poʻe noiʻi i ka hoihoi o ka honua civila i ka mokupuni. Ua hāʻawi nā kiʻi kālaiʻike maʻamau ʻole i ka meaʻai i ka ʻepekema a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia nā lono e pili ana i ka hihia extraterrestrial, nalowale nā ʻāina a nalowale nā kamaʻāina. ʻOiai hōʻike wale nā mea i ka naʻaupō extraterrestrial o nā kamaʻāina o Rapanui - no ka pono o nā kiʻi he tausani, he poʻe i hoʻomohala nui ʻia me kahi ʻōlelo kākau a hoʻomohala i nā mākaukau i ka hana ʻana i nā pōhaku i nalowale mai ka alo o ka Honua.
1. He kiʻi maoli ʻo Easter Island o ka manaʻo "hopena o ke ao". ʻO kēia kaʻe, ma muli o ka sphericity o ka Honua, hiki i ka manawa like ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ke kikowaena o kona ʻili, ka "piko o ka Honua". Aia ia e moe ana i ka ʻāpana kanaka ʻole o ka Moana Pākīpika. ʻO ka ʻāina kokoke loa - kahi mokupuni liʻiliʻi hoʻi - aia ma mua o 2,000 km, i ka ʻāina kokoke - ʻoi aku ma mua o 3,500 km, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mamao mai Moscow a Novosibirsk a i ʻole Barcelona.
2. Ma kona kinona, ʻo Easter Island kahi huinakolu kūlike kihi kūpono me kahi ʻāpana o lalo o 170 km2... Loaʻa ka mokupuni i ka heluna kanaka ma kahi o 6,000 mau kānaka. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe uila uila ma ka mokupuni, noho ka poʻe ma kahi ʻano kuʻuna. Loaʻa ka uila mai nā mea hana hana pākahi, ka wahie i kōkua ʻia e ka waihona kālā Chile. Hoʻohui kūʻokoʻa ʻia ka wai a lawe ʻia paha mai kahi ʻōnaehana lako wai i kūkulu ʻia me kahi kuapo aupuni. Hoʻopili ʻia ka wai mai nā loko i kū i nā lua pele o nā lua pele.
3. Nani wale ke aniau o ka mokupuni ma nā huaʻōlelo kikoʻī: ʻo ka awelika o ka mahana ma kahi o 20 ° C me ka ʻole o nā fluctuations ʻoi loa a me kahi heluna o ka ua - ʻoiai i ka ʻOkakopa maloʻo he nui nā ua. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau nuances e pale aku i ka Easter Island mai ka huli ʻana i kahi oasis ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma waenakonu o ka moana: ka lepo maikaʻi ʻole a me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea keakea i ka makani anuanu Antarctic. ʻAʻohe o lākou manawa e hoʻohuli ai i ke aniau i ka nui, akā pilikia lākou i nā mea kanu. Hōʻoia kēia palapala e ka nui o nā mea kanu i nā lua pele o nā lua pele, kahi e komo ʻole ai ka makani. A i kēia manawa ulu wale nā lāʻau kanu kanaka ma ka pā.
4. Ua hune loa nā holoholona ponoʻī o ka mokupuni. ʻO nā vertebrates ʻāina, ʻelua wale nō ʻano moʻo i loaʻa. Hiki ke loaʻa nā holoholona kai ma kahakai. ʻOiai nā manu, nā moku o ka Pākīpika e waiwai nui ai, ua liʻiliʻi loa. No nā hua manu, ua ʻauʻau nā kamaʻāina i kahi mokupuni aia ma kahi o 400 km ka mamao. Aia ka iʻa, akā liʻiliʻi ia. ʻOiai he mau haneli a me nā kaukani mau iʻa i loaʻa kokoke i nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe ma ka Moana Pākīpika Hema, aia ma kahi o 150 o lākou i ka wai o Easter Island. ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻākako ma kahakai o kēia mokupuni wela ua aneane e hele ma muli o ka wai anuanu a me nā kahe ikaika.
5. Ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe i nā manawa he nui i ka lawe ʻana mai i nā holoholona i lawe ʻia mai i Easter Island, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia manawa ke ʻai ʻia me ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka manawa e hānau ai. Ua hana ʻia kēia me nā ʻiole Polenekia hiki ke ʻai, a me nā lāpaki paha. Ma Australia, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike pehea e hana aku ai iā lākou, akā ma ka mokupuni ua ʻai lākou iā lākou i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki.
6. Inā loaʻa kekahi mau minela a metala paha o ka honua i ʻike ʻia ma Easter Island, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano aupuni demokalaka ma mua loa. E loaʻa i kahi luna i makemake nui ʻia a mau pinepine ʻia i mau kālā ʻelua ma ka barela aila i hana ʻia a i ʻole ʻelua mau tausani kālā i kēlā me kēia kilokilo o kekahi molybdenum. E hānai ʻia ka poʻe e nā hui e like me ka UN, a ʻo kēlā me kēia mea, koe ka poʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia, ma ka ʻoihana. A ʻōlohelohe ka mokupuni e like me ka falcon. Aia nā hopohopo āpau e pili ana iā ia me ke aupuni Chile. ʻOiai ke kahe o nā mākaʻikaʻi i hoʻonui i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i kekahi ʻano o ka waihona Chile - hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mokupuni mai nā ʻauhau.
7. Hoʻomaka ka mōʻaukala o nā noi no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Easter Island i nā makahiki 1520. Me he mea lā ua ʻike ka Paniolo me kahi inoa ʻē aʻe Sepania ʻo Alvaro De Mendanya i ka mokupuni. Ua hōʻike ʻo Pirate Edmund Davis e pili ana i ka mokupuni, i manaʻo ʻia he 500 mile mai ke kahakai komohana o Chile, i ka makahiki 1687. ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo maoli ʻana i nā koena o ka poʻe neʻe mai ka mokupuni ʻo Easter i nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe o ka Moana Pākīpika i hōʻike ʻia he mamo lākou na Basque - ua kaulana kēia poʻe no kā lākou mau koholā nāna i mahi i ka ʻākau a me ke kai hema. Ua kōkua ka nīnau e pani i ka ilihune o kahi mokupuni kūpono ʻole. ʻO ka Dutchman ʻo Jacob Roggeven ka mea i ʻike ʻia, nāna i hoʻopaʻa i ka mokupuni ma ʻApelila 5, 1722, ka lā, e like me kāu e koho ai, Easter. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua maopopo i nā lālā o ka huakaʻi Roggeven ua hala ma aneʻi ko ʻEulopa. Ua hoʻomaha loa nā kamaʻāina i ka ʻili o nā malihini. A ʻo nā kukui a lākou i hoʻomālamalama ai e hoʻolohe i ka manaʻo ua hōʻike ʻia ka poʻe huakaʻi me kēlā ʻili ma aneʻi. Akā hoʻi, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Roggeven i kāna mea nui me nā pepa i hoʻokō pono ʻia. I ka manawa like, wehewehe mua ka poʻe ʻEulopa i nā kiʻi kūmau o Easter Island. A laila hoʻomaka nā hakakā mua ma waena o ko ʻEulopa a me nā kamaʻāina - piʻi lākou i luna o ka papa, ʻo kekahi o nā luna ʻōpio makaʻu i kauoha ʻia e kī. Pepehi kanaka lehulehu o ka poʻe Aboriginal i pepehi ʻia, a ua hoʻi wikiwiki ka Dutch.
ʻO Jacob Roggeven
8. ʻO Edmund Davis, ka mea i hala ma kahi o 2000 mile, me kāna nūhou i hoʻonāukiuki i ka moʻolelo ʻo ka Mokupuni ʻo Easter kahi ʻāpana o kahi ʻāina nui me ka lāhui i hoʻomohala ʻia. A ma hope o ka hōʻike ikaika o ka mokupuni ʻoia ka palahalaha luna o kahi luʻu, aia kekahi poʻe e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka kaao o ka ʻāina nui.
9. Ua hōʻike ko ʻEulopa iā lākou iho i ko lākou hanohano a pau i ko lākou kipa ʻana i ka mokupuni. Ua kī ʻia nā kamaʻāina e nā lālā o ka huakaʻi a James Cook, a me nā ʻAmelika i hopu pio i nā kauā, a me nā poʻe ʻAmelika ʻē aʻe i hopu wale i nā wahine i mea e loaʻa ai kahi pō leʻaleʻa. A ʻo ka poʻe ʻEulopa ponoʻī ke hōʻike nei i kēia i nā lāki o ka moku.
10. ʻO ka lā pouli loa i ka mōʻaukala o ka poʻe noho o Easter Island i hiki mai i ka lā 12 o Kēkēmapa 1862. Ua pae i uka nā moku holomoana mai nā moku ʻeono ʻo Peru. Pepehi aloha aloha ʻole lākou i nā wahine a me nā keiki, a lawe lākou i hoʻokahi kaukani kāne i kauā kauā. ʻOiai no kēlā mau manawa, ua nui loa ia. Ua kū aʻe ka Palani no ka poʻe ʻōiwi, akā ʻoiai e huli ana nā kapa diplomat, aia wale nō ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli i koe o hoʻokahi kaukani kauwa. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou ua maʻi i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, no laila 15 wale nō ka poʻe i hoʻi i ka home. Hāpai pū kekahi lākou i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. Ma muli o ka maʻi a me ka hakakā kūloko, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka heluna kanaka o ka mokupuni i 500 mau kānaka, a ma hope ua heʻe lākou i nā mokupuni kokoke - e nā kūlana o ka Easter Island. ʻO ka Lūkini Lūkini ʻo "Victoria" i ka makahiki 1871, ua ʻike wale ʻia he mau kakini poʻe ma ia mokupuni.
11. ʻO William Thompson lāua ʻo George Cook mai ka moku ʻAmelika "Mohican" i ka makahiki 1886 i hana ʻia i kahi papahana noiʻi nui loa. Nānā lākou a wehewehe i nā haneli mau kiʻi a me nā paepae, a hōʻiliʻili i nā hōʻiliʻili nui o nā mea kahiko. Ua ʻeli nō hoʻi ka poʻe ʻAmelika i ka lua pele o kekahi lua pele.
12. I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua noho ka wahine Pelekane ʻo Catherine Rut basa ma ka mokupuni no hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa, e ʻohiʻohi ana i nā ʻike waha a pau, me nā kamaʻilio pū me nā lēpero.
Katherine Rut74
13. Ua loaʻa kahi holomua maoli i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mokupuni ʻo Easter ma hope o ka huakaʻi o Thor Heyerdahl i ka makahiki 1955. Ua hoʻonohonoho ka Norewan pedantic i ka huakaʻi ma kahi ala i mālama ʻia ai nā hopena no kekahi mau makahiki. Ua paʻi ʻia kekahi mau puke a me nā monograps ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka noiʻi.
Heirdal huakaʻi ma ka moku peʻa Kon-Tiki
14. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi e pili pono ana ka mokupuni ʻo Easter i ka lua pele. Ua ninini mālie ʻo Lava mai kahi lua pele lalo i kahi hohonu o kahi o 2000 mau mika. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hana ʻia kahi ʻāina mokupuni puʻu, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e piʻi ai ma kahi o kahi kilomita ma luna o ka ʻilikai. ʻAʻohe mea hōʻike e ʻike i ka make ʻana o ka luaipele malalo o ka wai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hōʻike nā microcrater ma nā pali o nā kuahiwi āpau o Easter Island e hiki i nā lua pele ke hiamoe no nā makahiki he mau kaukani, a laila hoʻonohonoho i kahi mea pūʻiwa no nā poʻe, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka puke moʻolelo a The Jules Verne "The Mysterious Island": kahi pahū e luku ai ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa o ka mokupuni.
15. ʻAʻole he koena o ka mokupuni ʻo Easter i ka ʻāina nui, no laila ua holo aku ka poʻe e noho ana ma kahi ʻē. Aia kekahi mau koho ma aneʻi: ʻo ka poʻe e hiki mai ana ma Easter i hele mai mai ke Komohana a i ʻole ka Hikina. Ma muli o ka nele o nā mea maoli i ke alo o ka moemoeā, hiki ke hoʻāpono kūpono ʻia nā manaʻo ʻelua. He "Westerner" kaulana ʻo Thor Heyerdahl - kākoʻo i ke kumumanaʻo o ka noho ʻana o ka mokupuni e nā poʻe malihini mai ʻAmelika Hema. Ke ʻimi nei ka Norewai i nā hōʻike o kāna mana ma nā mea āpau: i nā ʻōlelo a me nā loina o nā poʻe, nā mea ulu a me nā holoholona, a ʻoiai nā ʻale kai. Akā ʻoiai kona mana nui loa, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hōʻoia i kāna mau hoa paio. ʻO kā nā poʻe kākoʻo o ka mana "hikina" kā lākou mau paio a me nā hōʻoia ponoʻī, a ke nānā aku nei lākou ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā paio a Heyerdahl a me kāna mau mea kākoʻo. Aia kekahi koho waena: ua holo mua ka poʻe ʻAmelika Hema i Polinesia, a ua hōʻuluʻulu i nā kauā ma laila a hoʻonohonoho iā lākou ma Easter Island.
16. ʻAʻohe ʻae i ka manawa o ka noho ʻana o ka mokupuni. Ua hana mua ʻia ia a hiki i ka 4 kenekulia AD. e., a laila kenekulia VIII. Wahi a ka loiloi radiocarbon, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka noho ʻana o Easter Island ma nā kenekulia XII-XIII, a ua kapa ʻia kekahi mau kānaka noiʻi i kēia kenekulia XVI.
17. Ua loaʻa i nā kupa o ka Mōʻī Easter ka lākou kākau pictographic ponoʻī. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "rongo-lohe". Ua ʻike nā kākāʻōlelo i nā laina i kākau ʻia mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau, a ua kākau ʻia nā kaha ʻē mai ka ʻākau a ka hema. ʻAʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kēia "lohe-lohe".
18. Ua hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻEulopa mua i kipa aku i ka mokupuni e noho ana nā kamaʻāina kūloko, a i ʻole, ua hiamoe lākou i nā hale pōhaku. Eia kekahi, me ka ilihune, ua loaʻa iā lākou ka stratification kaiaulu. Noho nā ʻohana waiwai nui i nā hale oval kokoke i nā paepae pōhaku i lawelawe no ka pule a i ʻole nā hana. Ua noho 100-200 mau mika ka poʻe hune. ʻAʻohe mea lako i loko o nā hale - no ka puʻuhonua lākou i ka wā maikaʻi ʻole a hiamoe paha.
19. ʻO ka mea hoʻohihi nui o ka mokupuni ka moai - nā kiʻi pōhaku nunui i hana ʻia ma ka nui o ka volcanic volcanic tuff. Aia ma mua o 900 o lākou, akā ʻaneʻane kokoke i ka hapalua o nā koʻi i mākaukau no ka lawe ʻana a i ʻole pau. Ma waena o nā mea i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia ke kiʻi nui loa me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o 20 mau mika - ʻaʻole ia i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka massif pōhaku. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kiʻi i hoʻouka ʻia he 11.4 mika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka "ulu" o ke koena o ka moai mai 3 a 5 mau mika.
20. Kuhi ʻia nā helu mua o ke kaupaona o nā kiʻi ma muli o ke kiʻiona o nā basalts mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka Honua, no laila ua hoʻohiwahiwa loa ʻia nā helu - pono nā paona i nā paona he ʻumi mau tona. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka māmā o ka basalt ma Easter Island (ma kahi o 1.4 g / cm3, ma kahi o ka mānoanoa like me ka pumice, aia i loko o nā lumi lua), no laila ʻo ko lākou kaumaha awelika a hiki i 5 tone. ʻOi aku ka nui o 10 tone ma mua o 10% o nā moai āpau. No laila, ua lawa ka manuahi 15-ton e hāpai i nā kiʻi kū i kēia manawa (e 1825, ua hiolo nā kiʻi āpau). Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kaʻao e pili ana i ka nui o ke kaumaha o nā kiʻi i huli pono loa - he maʻalahi loa ia no nā mea kākoʻo o nā mana i hana ʻia ka moai e nā ʻelele o kekahi lāhui i hoʻomohala nui ʻia, nā malihini, a pēlā aku.
ʻO kekahi o nā mana o ka halihali a me ke kau ʻana
21. Aneane kāne a pau nā kiʻi. Hoʻonani ʻia ka hapa nui me nā lauana a me nā hoʻolālā like ʻole. Kū kekahi o nā kiʻi kālai kiʻi ma luna o nā pae kiʻekiʻe, aia kekahi ma ka honua wale nō, akā ke nānā nei lākou āpau i loko o ka mokupuni. Loaʻa i kekahi o nā kiʻi kiʻi i mau pāpale nunui e like me ka lauoho lush.
22. I ka manawa, ma hope o ka ʻeli ʻana, ua ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ke ʻano nui o nā hihia i ka mahiʻai, ua hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke hopena: ua kū koke ka hana - ua hōʻike ʻia kēia e ke ʻano o ka mākaukau o nā kiʻi i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia. Ua kū paha ka hana ma muli o ka pōloli, ka maʻi ahulau a i ʻole nā hakakā kūloko o nā kamaʻāina. ʻO ka mea nui nō paha ka pōloli ke kumu - ʻaʻole lawa nā kumuwaiwai o ka mokupuni e hānai ai i mau tausani mau kamaʻāina a i ka manawa like he nui ka poʻe e komo wale ana i nā kiʻi.
23. ʻO nā ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i nā kiʻi, a me ke kumu o nā kiʻi kiʻi ma Easter Island, ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole i nānā nā mea noiʻi o ka mokupuni i nā hoʻokolohua, ma ka pūnaewele a me nā kūlana hana. Ua hoʻololi ʻia hiki ke lawe ʻia nā kiʻi ʻelua i ke kūlana "kū", a "ma ke kua" a i ʻole "ma ka ʻōpū". ʻAʻole koi kēia i kahi nui o nā limahana (ua ana ʻia kā lākou helu i kēlā me kēia hihia i nā ʻumi). ʻAʻole pono nā ʻano hana paʻakikī - lawa nā kaula a me nā lola. Ma kahi o ke kiʻi like i ʻike ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua e pili ana i ke kau ʻana o nā kiʻi - ua lawa ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o kekahi mau kānaka he ʻumikūmālua, hāpai iki i ke kiʻi me ke kōkua o nā levers a me nā kaula. Mau nō nā nīnau. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi o nā kiʻi i kēia ala, a ua hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ma nā ana hoʻohālikelike, akā ua hōʻoia ʻia ka hiki ke loaʻa i ka lawe lima ʻana.
Kaʻa
Piʻi
24. I ke kenekulia XXI i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana ua ʻike ʻia aia kekahi o nā kiʻi kiʻi i loaʻa kahi ʻāpana o ka honua - ua ʻeli ʻia nā torsos i ka lepo. I ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana, loaʻa nā kaula a me nā lāʻau, i hoʻohana maopopo ʻia no ka lawe ʻana.
25. ʻOiai ka mamao loa o ka Easter Island mai ka lāhui, nui loa nā mākaʻikaʻi i kipa aku iā ia. Pono mākou e kaumaha i ka manawa he nui, ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO ka lele ʻana mai ke kapikala ʻo Chile ʻo Santiago he 5 mau hola, akā lele nā mokulele hōʻoluʻolu - hiki i ka pae pae ma ka mokupuni ke ʻae i nā Shuttles, a ua kūkulu ʻia no lākou. Ma ka mokupuni ponoʻī aia nā hōkele, nā hale ʻaina a me kekahi ʻano o nā hana hoʻohauʻoli: nā kahakai, ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ka luʻu ʻana, a pēlā aku. Inā ʻaʻole no nā kiʻi, ua hala ka mokupuni no kahi kahua kūʻai Asia i kumu kūʻai ʻole ʻia. Akā ʻo wai lā e hiki aku iā ia i ka hapalua o ka kelepuni?
Mokulele mokupuni ʻo Easter
