Arkady Isaakovich Raikin (1911-1987) - Ka hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Soviet, ke keaka a me ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, alakaʻi o nā hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, mea hoʻokipa a me satirist People's Artist o ka USSR a me Lenin Prize Laureate. Hero o ka Hana Hana. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻomākeʻaka Soviet kaulana i ka mōʻaukala.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Arkady Raikin, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Arkady Raikin.
Kawaihae o Arkady Raikin
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Arkady Raikin ma ʻOkakopa 11 (24), 1911 ma Riga. Ua ulu ʻo ia i kahi ʻohana Iudaio maʻalahi.
ʻO ka makuakāne hoʻomākeʻaka, ʻo Isaac Davidovich, he mea kālepa awa, a ʻo kona makuahine, ʻo Leia Borisovna, i hana ma ke ʻano he palekeona a holo ʻohana.
Ma waho o Arkady, kahi keikikāne ʻo Max a me 2 mau kaikamahine - ua hānau ʻia ʻo Bella lāua ʻo Sophia ma ka ʻohana Raikin.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Mua (1914-1918), neʻe ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa i Rybinsk, a i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope aku i St.
Ua hoihoi ʻo Arkady i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka wā ʻōpio. Me nā keiki o ka pā, hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i nā hana liʻiliʻi, a ma hope ua kākau inoa ʻia ʻo ia i kahi hui keaka.
Eia hou, ua hoihoi ʻo Raikin i ke kaha kiʻi. I ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua alo ʻo ia i kahi pilikia - e hoʻohui i kona ola me ka pena ʻana a i ʻole ke hana ʻana.
ʻO ka hopena, ua koho ʻo Arkady e hoʻāʻo iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he mea kaha kiʻi. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka pane maikaʻi ʻole o nā mākua i ke koho a kā lāua keiki, akā naʻe ua koi ka ʻōpio iā ia iho.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi palapala hōʻoia, ua komo ʻo Raikin i ke Kulanui o Performing Arts ʻo Leningrad, kahi i huhū loa i kona makuakāne a me kona makuahine. Ua hiki i ka manawa ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e haʻalele i kona home.
I loko o kāna mau makahiki haumāna, ua lawe ʻo Arkady i nā haʻawina pilikino ma pantomime mai ka mea pena kaulana ʻo Mikhail Savoyarov. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono i ke kāne nā mākau a Savoyarov e aʻo ai iā ia.
Ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ke kula ʻenehana, ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Arkady i loko o ka hui o ka Leningrad Variety a me ka Miniature Theatre, kahi i hiki ai iā ia ke hōʻike piha i kona hiki.
Hale Keaka
ʻOiai he haumāna nō, ua komo ʻo Raikin i nā ʻahamele a nā keiki. Ua hōʻeuʻeu kāna mau helu i ka ʻakaʻaka maoli a me ka hauʻoli nui i waena o nā keiki.
Ma 1939, ka hanana nui mua i mālama ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo moʻomeheu o Arkady. Ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka hoʻokūkū o nā mea pena pop me nā helu - "Chaplin" a me "Bear".
Ma ka hale keaka ʻo Leningrad, ua hoʻomau ʻo Raikin i ka hana ma ke kahua, ka haku ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokipa. Ua kūleʻa nui kāna hana ʻana ma hope o 3 mau makahiki ua hāʻawi ʻia i ka mea pena kiʻi ʻōpio me ke kūlana o ka luna noʻeau o ka tetra.
I loko o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui (1941-1945) hāʻawi ʻo Arkady i nā ʻahamele ma mua, a ua koho ʻia ʻo ia no nā makana like ʻole, e like me ke Kauoha o ka Hōkū ʻula.
Ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoʻi ka comedian i kāna hale keaka ʻōiwi, e hōʻike ana i nā helu a me nā papahana hou.
Hū
I ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki 40, ua hana ʻo Raikin, a me ka satirist ʻo Vladimir Polyakov, i nā papahana hana keaka: "For a Cup of Tea", "Don't Pass By", "Frankly Speaking".
Ua loaʻa koke nā kamaʻilio a ua kāne nei i nā ʻōlelo a Uniona, no laila ke kumu i hoʻomaka ai lākou e hōʻike ʻia ma ke kīwī a hoʻokani ma ka lekiō.
Ua makemake nui ka poʻe hoʻolohe i kēlā mau helu a ke kāne i hoʻololi koke ai i kona helehelena. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻokele ʻo ia e hana i kahi nui o nā huapalapala like ʻole a hōʻoia iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he haku o ka hoʻokahuli pae.
Ma hope koke nō, hele huakaʻi ʻo Arkady Raikin i nā ʻāina ʻē, e like me Hungary, ka GDR, Romania a me UK.
Ma hea kahi i hele mai ai ka satirist Lūkini, ua kūleʻa ʻo ia. Ma hope o kēlā me kēia hana, ua ʻike ka lehulehu iā ia me nā ovations nui.
I hoʻokahi manawa, i ka wā o ka huakaʻi ma Odessa, ua hui ʻo Arkady Isaakovich me nā mea pena kiʻi ʻōpio kūloko. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka launa pū ʻana me Mikhail Zhvanetsky i ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia, a me Roman Kartsev a me Viktor Ilchenko.
Me kēia kime, hana ʻo Raikin i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia e ka lehulehu Soviet. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona i kaulana loa ʻo "Traffic Light".
He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo iā Arkady Raikin ʻaneʻane ʻo ia wale nō ka mea pena kiʻi, i kēlā manawa paʻakikī, e ʻaʻa e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka politika a me ke kūlana o ka hihia i ka ʻāina. I kāna mau monologue, ua nānā pinepine ʻo ia i ka pehea e hiki ai i ka mana ke hōʻino i ke kanaka.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻiʻōlelo a ka satirist e ko lākou ʻoi a me ka hoʻomākeʻaka, akā i ka manawa like pololei a akamai hoʻi lākou. Ke nānā nei i kāna mau helu, hiki i ka mea nānā ke heluhelu ma waena o nā laina a ka mea kākau i makemake ai e ʻōlelo i loko o lākou.
Ua makaʻala ke alakaʻi o Leningrad i ka mea hoʻomākeʻaka, ma muli o ke ʻano he pilina koʻikoʻi loa ma waena o nā luna kūloko a me Raikin.
Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻo Arkady Isaakovich i noi pilikino iā Leonid Brezhnev iā ia iho, e noi ana iā ia e noho i Moscow.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua neʻe ke komikina me kāna hui i ke kapitala, kahi i hoʻomau ai ʻo ia e hana ma ka State Theatre of Miniature.
Hāʻawi ʻo Raikin i nā ʻahamele a hōʻike i nā papahana hou. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua kapa ʻia ka Theatre State of Miniature ʻo "Satyricon".
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i kēia lā ke poʻo o "Satyricon" ke keiki a ka mea pena kiʻi nui - ʻo Konstantin Raikin.
Nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni
I loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua hōkū ʻo Arkady i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni he nui. No ka manawa mua ma ka papakaumaka nui, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "First Platoon" (1932), e hoʻokani ana i koa ma loko.
Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻokani ʻo Raikin i nā mea liʻiliʻi i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e like me Tractor Drivers, Valery Chkalov a me nā makahiki o ke ahi.
I ka 1954, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Arkady i ke kuleana nui i ka hoʻomākeʻaka "Ua hālāwai mākou iā ʻoe ma kekahi wahi", i hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia e ka lehulehu Soviet.
ʻO nā kiʻi pena "Nehinei, I kēia lā a mau" a me "The Magic Power of Art" i loaʻa ʻole ka mahalo nui ʻia.
Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa iā Raikin ka kaulana nui loa ma hope o ka mua o nā hōʻike kīwī "People and Mannequins" a me "Peace to Your House". I loko o ia mau mea, hōʻike ʻo ia i nā mea hoihoi a, e like me ka mau, nā monologue ʻoniʻoni ma nā kumuhana nui loa.
Ke ola pilikino
Me kāna wahine e hiki mai ana a me kāna wahine wale nō, ʻo Ruth Markovna Joffe, ua hui ʻo Raikin i ka wā kamaliʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, a laila ʻaʻohe ona ʻaʻa e hui aku ai me ke kaikamahine.
Ma hope, ua hui hou ʻo Arkady i kahi kaikamahine uʻi, akā e piʻi a kamaʻilio pū me ia, a laila he mea maoli ʻole iā ia.
A mau makahiki wale nō i hala, ke puka ʻē o ke kāne mai ke koleke, ua hāpai ʻo ia i ka wiwo ʻole a hui pū me Ruta. ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻae ka poʻe ʻōpio e hele i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.
Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, ua hāʻawi ʻo Arkady i ke kaikamahine. I ka makahiki 1935, ua male lāua. I loko o kēia male, he keiki kāne kā lāua, ʻo Konstantin, a me kahi kaikamahine, ʻo Catherine.
Noho pū lāua ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ko lāua hui he laʻana.
Make
I loko o kona ola, ua ʻike ʻo Raikin i nā pilikia olakino. I ka makahiki 13, ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ke anuanu maikaʻi ʻole, e loaʻa ana i kahi ʻāʻī ʻehaʻeha loa.
Ua holo wikiwiki ka maʻi a ʻaʻole i manaʻo hou nā kauka e ola ke keiki ʻōpio. Akā naʻe, ua hiki i ke kanaka ʻōpio ke hele i waho.
Ma hope o 10 mau makahiki, hoʻi ka maʻi, ʻo kahi hopena a Arkady e lawe ai i nā tonsil. A ʻoiai ua kūleʻa ka hana, ua ulu ʻo ia i ka maʻi puʻuwai rumatika no ke ola.
No nā makahiki he 3 i hala aku nei, ua makaʻu ka mea pena kiʻi e ka maʻi ʻo Parkinson, a ua lawe ʻo ia i kāna kamaʻilio.
Ua make ʻo Arkady Isaakovich Raikin i ka lā 17 o Kēkēmapa (e like me nā ʻike ʻē aʻe Kekemapa 20) 1987 ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka maʻi puʻuwai rheumatic.
Nā kiʻi na Arkady Raikin
