Andrey Arsenievich Tarkovsky (1932-1986) - Soviet theatre a me ka luna kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, kākau kākau. ʻO kāna mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo "Andrei Rublev", "The Mirror" a me "Stalker" i loko o nā helu o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoi loa o ka hana i ka mōʻaukala.
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikanaka o Tarkovsky, a mākou e haʻi e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Andrei Tarkovsky.
Kawaihae o Tarkovsky
Ua hānau ʻo Andrei Tarkovsky ma ka lā 4 ʻApelila 1932 ma ke kauhale liʻiliʻi o Zavrazhie (ka ʻāina ʻo Kostroma). Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i kahi ʻohana aʻo.
ʻO ka makuakāne o ka alakaʻi, ʻo Arseny Alexandrovich, kahi haku mele a me ka unuhi. ʻO Mother, Maria Ivanovna, he puka puka o ka Literary Institute. Ma waho o Andrei, he kaikamahine kāna mau mākua, ʻo Marina.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o Andrei, noho ka ʻohana Tarkovsky ma Moscow. I ka wā he 3 mau makahiki o ke keikikāne, ua haʻalele kona makuakāne i ka ʻohana no kekahi wahine ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hopena, ua mālama ka makuahine i nā keiki wale nō. Ua nele ka ʻohana i nā mea nui. I ka hoʻomaka o ke Kaua Honua II (1941-1945), ua neʻe ʻo Tarkovsky, me kona makuahine a me kona kaikuahine i Yuryevets, kahi i noho ai ko lākou ʻohana.
Ua haʻalele kahi ola ma Yuryevets i kahi kaha koʻikoʻi ma ka moʻomeheu o Andrei Tarkovsky. Ma hope, e hōʻike ʻia kēia mau manaʻo i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Aniani".
Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, hoʻi ka ʻohana i ke kapitala, kahi i hoʻomau ai ʻo ia e hele i ke kula. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia kāna hoa papa ka poata kaulana ʻo Andrei Voznesensky. I ka manawa like, ua hele ʻo Tarkovsky i kahi kula mele, papa piano.
I ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua hana ke kanaka ʻōpio i ke kaha kiʻi ʻana ma kahi kula kiʻi kiʻi kūloko. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka palapala hōʻoia, ua hoʻoholo kūleʻa ʻo Andrey i nā hōʻike ma ka Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies ma ke kumu ʻAlapia.
I ka makahiki mua o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ʻike ʻo Tarkovsky ua wikiwiki ʻo ia me ke koho ʻana o kahi ʻoihana. I loko o kēlā wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua launa ʻo ia me kahi hui maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e alakaʻi i kahi nohona moekolohe. Ua ʻae ʻo ia ua hoʻopakele kona makuahine iā ia, nāna i kōkua iā ia e loaʻa kahi hana i ka pāʻina hulihonua.
Ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka huakaʻi, ua hala ʻo Andrei Tarkovsky ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki i ka taiga hohonu, mamao loa mai ka lāhui. Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home, ua komo ʻo ia i ka ʻoihana kuhikuhi ma VGIK.
Nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni
I ka makahiki 1954 ua lilo ʻo Tarkovsky i haumana ma VGIK, ua hala hoʻokahi makahiki mai ka make ʻana o Stalin. Mahalo i kēia, ua nāwaliwali iki ke aupuni totaliter i ka ʻāina. Ua kōkua kēia i ka haumāna e hoʻololi i ka ʻike me nā hoa hana haole a lilo i maʻa me ka hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Komohana.
Hoʻomaka ke kiʻi ʻia ʻana o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i ka USSR. Ua hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo moʻomeheu o Andrei Tarkovsky i ka makahiki 24. Ua kapa ʻia kāna lipine mua "The Assassins", ma muli o ka hana a Ernest Hemingway.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua hana ka luna ʻōpio i ʻelua mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni pōkole hou. ʻOiai, uaʻike nā kumu i kā talena Andrey a wānana i kahi wā e hiki mai ana maikaʻi nona.
Ma hope koke iho ua hui ke kāne me Andrei Konchalovsky, kahi āna i aʻo ai ma ke kula nui like. Ua lilo aikāne i mau hoaaloha a hoʻomaka pū i ka hana like. Ua kākau lākou i nā palapala he nui a ma ka wā e hiki mai ana kaʻana like i ko lākou ʻike me kekahi i kekahi.
Ma 1960, ua puka ʻo Tarkovsky me ka hanohano mai ke kula, a ma hope iho ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana. I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kāna ʻike ponoʻī o ka kinima. Hōʻike kāna mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i ka ʻeha a me ka lana o ka manaʻo o ka poʻe i lawe i ka ukana o ke kuleana kūpono no nā kānaka āpau.
Ua nānā nui ʻo Andrey Arsenievich i ka hoʻomālamalama a me ke kani, ʻo ka hana e kōkua i ka mea nānā e ʻike piha i ka mea āna e ʻike ai ma ka pakuhi.
I 1962 ka mea mua o kāna hana keaka pūʻali koa piha ʻo ʻIvana ʻO ke kamaliʻi. Me ka hapa nui o ka manawa a me ke kālā, ua hoʻokele ʻo Tarkovsky i ka hana me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike mai ka poʻe loiloi a me nā mea nānā maʻamau. Loaʻa i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma kahi o ʻumikūmālua mau makana honua, e like me ka Golden Liona
Ma hope o 4 mau makahiki, hōʻike ke kāne i kāna kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kaulana "Andrei Rublev", i loaʻa koke i ke kaulana a puni ka honua. No ka manawa mua ma ka hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Soviet, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻike epic o ka ʻuhane, hoʻomana ʻaoʻao o ka medieval Russia. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo ʻo Andrei Konchalovsky ka mea kākau o ka palapala.
Ma 1972, ua hōʻike ʻo Tarkovsky i kāna hana keaka hou, ʻo Solaris, i ʻelua mau ʻāpana. Ua hauʻoli pū kēia hana i ka poʻe hoʻolohe o nā ʻāina he nui a ma muli o ka hopena ua hāʻawi ʻia ka Grand Prix o ka Cannes Film Festival. Eia kekahi, e like me kekahi mau balota, ʻo Solaris kekahi o nā kiʻi ʻepekema fiction nui loa o nā manawa āpau.
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua kī ʻo Andrei Tarkovsky i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Mirror", kahi i hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻāpana he nui mai kāna moʻomeheu. ʻO ke kuleana nui i hele iā Margarita Tereshkova.
I ka makahiki 1979, ua mālama ʻia ka makamua o "Stalker", ma muli o ka hana a nā kaikuaʻana Strugatsky "Roadside Picnic". He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua make ka mana mua o kēia nane-drama no nā kumu loea. A ʻo kahi hopena, pono i ka luna hoʻokele e kī hou i nā mea i ʻekolu mau manawa.
Ua koho ʻia e nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka Soviet State Film Agency ke kiʻi ʻekolu wale nō mahele mahele, e ʻae wale ana i 196 kope e hana ʻia. ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia mea he liʻiliʻi ka uhi ʻana o ka poʻe hoʻolohe.
Eia nō naʻe, me kēia, ua nānā ʻia ʻo "Stalker" e kahi o 4 miliona mau kānaka. Ua lanakila ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo ka Ecumenical Jure Prize ma ka Cannes Film Festival. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua lilo kēia hana i hoʻokahi o nā mea nui loa i ka moʻolelo olaola a ka mea hoʻokele.
Ma hope o ua kī ʻo Andrei Tarkovsky i nā kiʻi hou he 3: "Manawa huakaʻi", "Nostalgia" a me "Sacrifice". Ua paʻi ʻia kēia mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni āpau ma kahi ʻē, i ka wā o kahi kāne a me kona ʻohana i ka lawe pio ʻana i ʻItalia mai 1980.
Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka neʻe ʻana i kahi ʻē, no ka mea ua hoʻopilikia nā luna ʻelua a me nā hoa hana i ka hana a Tarkovsky.
I ke kauwela o 1984, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Andrei Arsenievich, ma kahi hālāwai lehulehu ma Milana, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e noho hope loa ma ke Komohana. I ka manawa i ʻike ai ke alakaʻi o ka USSR e pili ana i kēia, pāpā ʻia ka hoʻolele ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a Tarkovsky ma ka ʻāina, a e ʻōlelo pū nei hoʻi me ia ma ka paʻi.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka mana o Florence i hōʻike aku i ka haku Lūkini me kahi keʻena a hāʻawi iā ia i ka inoa o ke kamaʻāina hanohano o ke kūlanakauhale.
Ke ola pilikino
Me kāna wahine mua, ka mea hana keaka ʻo Irma Raush, ua hui ʻo Tarkovsky i kāna mau makahiki haumāna. Ua hala kēia male mai 1957 a 1970. I kēia hui ʻana, he keiki kāne kā lāua, ʻo Arseny.
ʻO ka wahine hou a Andrey ʻo Larisa Kizilova, ʻo ia kona mea kōkua i ka wā o ke kiʻi ʻana o Andrey Rublev. Mai kahi male ma mua, he kaikamahine kā Larisa, ʻo Olga, ka mea a ka luna i ʻae ai e lawe. Ma hope he keiki kāne maʻamau lāua, ʻo Andrei.
I kona wā ʻōpio, ua aloha ʻo Tarkovsky iā Valentina Malyavina, ka mea i hōʻole e noho pū me ia. He mea hoihoi ua male ʻo Andrei lāua ʻo Valentina i kēlā manawa.
He pilina pili loa kā ke kāne me ka mea hoʻolālā lole ʻo Inger Person, ʻo ia kāna i hālāwai ai ma mua koke o kona make ʻana. ʻO ka hopena o kēia pilina ka hānau ʻana o kahi keiki ʻokoʻa, ʻo Alexander, ka mea a Tarkovsky i ʻike ʻole ai.
Make
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua loʻohia ʻo Andrei i ka maʻi ʻaʻa maʻi. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kauka ke kōkua hou iā ia, ʻoiai aia ka maʻi i ka manawa hope loa. I ka ʻike ʻana o ka Soviet Union e pili ana i kona ʻano olakino olakino, ʻae hou nā luna e hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a kona hoa makaʻāinana.
Ua hala ʻo Andrey Arsenievich Tarkovsky ma ka lā 29 o Kēkēmapa 1986 i ka makahiki 54. Ua kanu ʻia ʻo ia i ka hale kupapaʻu Farani o Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois, kahi i hoʻomaha ai ka poʻe Lūkia kaulana loa.
Nā kiʻi ʻo Tarkovsky
