ʻO ka hana kipi ʻole ma waena o Kelemania a me ka USSR (ʻike ʻia ʻo Kaha Molotov-Ribbentrop a i ʻole Hoʻolaha ʻo Hitler-Stalin) - kahi ʻaelike kuikahi i kau inoa ʻia ma ʻAukake 23, 1939 e nā poʻo o nā keʻena no nā kuleana haole o Kelemania a me ka USSR, ma nā kānaka o Joachim Ribbentrop lāua ʻo Vyacheslav Molotov.
ʻO nā ʻikepili o ke kuʻikahi Kelemania-Soviet i hōʻoia i ka maluhia ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, e like me ka hoʻohiki i haʻi ʻia ʻaʻole e komo i loko o kahi aupuni kuikahi a kōkua paha i nā ʻenemi o kēlā ʻaoʻao.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact kekahi o nā palapala mōʻaukala i kamaʻilio nui ʻia ma ka honua. I nā ʻāina he nui, e like me Lūkia, i ka lā pō o ʻAukake 23 i ka nūpepa a me ke kīwī, e kūkākūkā nui ana i ke kuʻikahi ma waena o nā alakaʻi nui loa o ka honua ia manawa - hoʻomaka ʻo Stalin a me Hitler.
ʻO ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact ka mea i hoʻokumu i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II (1939-1945). Ua wehe ʻo ia i nā lima o ka fascist Kelemania, i hoʻomaka e hoʻokau i ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Ma kēia ʻatikala, e nānā mākou i nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka ʻaelike, a me nā hanana nui i hōʻike ʻia i ke kaʻina o nā wā.
Pāʻina kaua
No laila, ma ʻAukake 23, 1939, Kelemania, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Adolf Hitler, a me ka USSR, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Joseph Stalin, ua hoʻopau i kahi ʻaelike, a ma Kepakemapa 1, ua hoʻomaka ke kaua koko a me ka nui loa i ka mōʻaukala kanaka.
8 mau lā ma hope o ka pūlima ʻia ʻana o ka Pact, ua hoʻouka kaua ka pūʻali koa o Hitler iā Polani, a ma Kepakemapa 17, 1939, ua komo ka pūʻali koa Soviet i Polani.
Ua pau ka māhele ʻāpana o Polani ma waena o ka Soviet Union a me Kelemania me ka pūlima ʻia ʻana o kahi kuʻikahi aloha a me kahi kuʻina huna huna ʻē aʻe iā ia. No laila, i ka 1940, nā ʻāina ʻo Baletika, Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina a me kahi ʻāpana o Finelani i hoʻohui ʻia me ka USSR.
Hōʻailona hoʻohui pilikino
Ua wehewehe ʻia kahi kuʻina malū i nā "palena o nā ʻāpana o ka hoihoi" o Kelemania a me ka Soviet Union i ka hanana o ka hoʻonohonoho kūloko a me ka politika o nā wahi i ʻāpana o Finilani, Estonia, Latvia, Lituania, a me ka mokuʻāina Polani.
Wahi a nā ʻōlelo a ke alakaʻi Soviet, ʻo ke kumu o ka ʻaelike e hōʻoia i ka mana o ka USSR ma ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, ʻoiai me ka ʻole o kahi kuʻuna huna e lilo ka mana o Molotov-Ribbentrop i ka ikaika.
Wahi a ka protocol, ua lilo ka palena ʻākau o Lituania i ka palena o nā ʻāpana o nā pono o Kelemania a me ka USSR ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baltic.
ʻO ka nīnau no ke kūʻokoʻa o Polani e hoʻoponopono ʻia ma hope, ma hope o ke kūkākūkā ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao. I ka manawa like, ua hōʻike ka Soviet Union i kahi hoihoi i Bessarabia, no ka hopena ʻaʻole pono ʻo Kelemania e koi i kēia mau panalāʻau.
Ua hoʻohuli nui ka pact i ka hopena o nā Lithuanians, Estonians, Latvians, a me Western Ukrainians, Belarusians a me Moldovans. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua ʻaneʻane hapa kēia mau poʻe i ka USSR.
I kulike ai me ka mea hou aʻe Hola Pūnaewele, ke kumu o ka i loaʻa i loko o ka waihona o ka Politburo wale nō ma hope o ka hiolo ʻana o ka USSR, ʻaʻole i hoʻouka kaua ka pūʻali Kelemania i 1939 i nā ʻaoʻao hikina o Polani, ka mea i noho nui ʻia e Belarusians a me Ukrainians.
Eia hou, ʻaʻole komo nā fascist i nā ʻāina ʻo Baletika. ʻO ka hopena, ua lawe ʻia kēia mau panalāʻau āpau ma lalo o ka mana o ka Soviet Union.
I loko o ke kaua me Finilana, kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana Lūkini o ka hoihoi, ua noho ka Red Army i kahi ʻāpana o kēia mokuʻāina.
Ka loiloi politika ʻana o ka pact
Me nā loiloi kānalua a pau o ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, i kēia lā e hoʻopiʻi nui ʻia nei e nā mokuʻāina he nui, pono e ʻae ʻia ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hana o nā pilina kūwaho i lawe ʻia ma mua o ke Kaua Honua Lua.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ma 1934, ua hoʻopau ʻo Polani i kahi ʻaelike like me Nazi Kelemania. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻāʻo kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe e kau inoa i nā ʻaelike like.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ia kahi kuʻina huna huna e pili ana i ka Molotov-Ribbentrop pact i kānalua ʻole i ke kānāwai kūwaho.
He mea kūpono nō hoʻi ia e hoʻomaopopo ʻia mai kēia ʻaelike ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā USSR nā pono teritori he 2 mau makahiki hou o ka manawa e hoʻomākaukau ai no kahi kaua kūpono me ka Third Reich.
Ma ka huli ʻana, ua kāohi ʻo Hitler i kahi kaua ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua no 2 mau makahiki, a lanakila ʻē ʻia i Polani, Palani a me nā ʻāina liʻiliʻi o ʻEulopa. No laila, e like me ka nui o nā mōʻaukala, pono e ʻike ʻia ʻo Kelemania i ka ʻaoʻao nui e pono ai ka pact.
Ma muli o ke ʻano kū ʻole i ke kānāwai nā ʻōlelo o ka huna huna, hoʻoholo ʻo Stalin lāua ʻo Hitler e hoʻolaha ʻole i ka palapala. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike nā luna Lūkia a me Kelemania paha e pili ana i ka protocol, koe wale nō kahi pōʻai ākea loa o ka poʻe.
ʻOiai ke ʻano pohihihi o ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (ʻo ia hoʻi kona protocol huna), pono ia e ʻike ʻia i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ke kūlana koa kālaiʻāina i kēia manawa.
Wahi a ko Stalin manaʻo, manaʻo ʻia ke kuʻikahi e like me ka pane i ke kulekele o "ka hōʻoluʻolu" o Hitler, i alualu ʻia e Pelekane Nui a me Palani, e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻokuʻikuʻi i ko lākou mau poʻo i nā aupuni totaliter ʻelua.
I ka makahiki 1939, ua kāohi ʻo Nazi Kelemania i ka Rhineland a, i ka ʻaihue ʻana i ke kuʻikahi o Versailles, hoʻomākaukau hou i kona pūʻali koa, a ma hope ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Austria a hoʻohui pū ʻo Czechoslovakia.
Ma nā ʻano he nui, ua alakaʻi ʻia ke kulekele o Pelekane Nui, Palani, Kelemania a me ʻItalia i nā hopena kaumaha, a ma Kepakemapa 29, 1938 i kau inoa i kahi ʻaelike ma Munich ma ka ʻāpana o Czechoslovakia. E heluhelu hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia ma ka ʻatikala "ʻAelike Munich".
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā mea a pau i luna, he kūpono ʻole ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻo ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact wale nō kai alakaʻi i ke Kaua Honua II.
Ma hope iki a ma hope paha, ua hoʻouka kaua ʻo Hitler iā Polani, a ua ʻimi ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa e hoʻopau i kahi ʻaelike me Kelemania, a laila e hoʻokuʻu wale ana i nā lima o ka Nazis.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi a hiki i ʻAukake 23, 1939, ua hoʻāʻo nā ʻāina ikaika a pau o ʻEulopa, e like me Pelekane, Palani a me ka Soviet Union, e kūkākūkā me ke alakaʻi Kelemania.
Loiloi Moral o ka pact
Ma hope koke iho o ka hopena o ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, he nui nā hui komunista o ka honua i kūʻē nui i ka ʻaelike. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ke ola o kahi protocol hou.
Ua hōʻike nā mea kālaiʻāina Pro-komunist i ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka pili ʻana ma waena o ka USSR a me Kelemania. Manaʻo ka nui o nā mea mōʻaukala ʻo kēia kuʻikahi ka mea i lilo i wahi hoʻomaka no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka neʻe komunista neʻe a me ke kumu o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka Communist International ma 1943.
He ʻumi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ma Kēkēmapa 24, 1989, ua ʻāhewa ka ʻahaʻōlelo o ka hope o ka poʻe o ka USSR i nā kuʻuna huna. Ua hana koʻikoʻi ka poʻe kālaiʻāina i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻaelike me Hitler i hoʻopau ʻia e Stalin lāua ʻo Molotov ma kahi malū mai nā poʻe a me nā ʻelele o ka Communist Party.
ʻO ke kumu Kelemania o nā kuʻina huna i ʻōlelo ʻia ua luku ʻia i ka pōkā o Kelemania. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hopena o 1943, ua kauoha ʻo Ribbentrop i ka microfilming o nā moʻolelo huna loa o ka German Foreign Ministry mai ka makahiki 1933, e helu ana ma kahi o 9,800 ʻaoʻao.
I ka wā i hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai nā keʻena like ʻole o ka Foreign Office ma Berlin i Thuringia i ka hopena o ke kaua, ua loaʻa i ke kauā kīwila Karl von Lesch nā kope o nā microfilms. Ua kauoha ʻia ʻo ia e luku i nā palapala huna, akā ua hoʻoholo ʻo Lesh e hūnā iā lākou no ka ʻinikua pilikino a me ke ola o ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I Mei Mei, ua noi ʻo Karl von Lesch i ka Lutanela Pelekane Pelekane ʻo Robert K. Thomson e hāʻawi i kahi leka pilikino iā Duncan Sandys, ka hunona a Churchill. I loko o ka leka, hoʻolaha ʻo ia i nā palapala huna, a me ka mākaukau e hāʻawi iā lākou i panai no kāna inviolability.
Ua ʻae ʻo Kenela Thomson a me kāna hoa hana ʻAmelika ʻo Ralph Collins i kēia mau ʻōlelo. Aia i loko o nā microfilms kahi kope o ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact a me ka protocol huna.
Nā hopena o ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
ʻIke ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka pact i nā pilina ma waena o ka Russian Federation a me nā mokuʻāina i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻaelike.
Ma nā ʻāina ʻo Baletika a me ke komohana o Ukraine, ua kapa ʻia nā Lūkini "nā mea noho." I Polani, hoʻohālikelike like ʻia ka USSR a me Nazi Kelemānia. ʻO ka hopena, he manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole ka nui o nā Pole i nā koa Soviet, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻopakele iā lākou mai ka hana Kelemania.
Wahi a nā mōʻaukala Lūkia, ʻaʻole kūpono ia mau inaina kūʻē ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā Pole, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe o nā koa Lūkini he 600,000 i make i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Polani i lohe e pili ana i ka hana huna a ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
ʻO ke kiʻi o ke kumu o ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
ʻO ke kiʻi o ke kumu o ka Secret Protocol to the Treaty
A he kiʻi like kēia Palapala Huna huna i ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, e pili ana i kahi mau kūkā kamaʻāina e hoʻomaka nei.
