ʻO Publius Ovid Nazon (43 g. Ka mea kākau o nā mele "Metamorphoses" a me "Science of Love", a me nā leʻaleʻa - "Love Elegies" a me "Sorrowful Elegies." He mana nui kāna i nā puke ʻEulopa, e like me Pushkin, i ka makahiki 1821 i hoʻolaʻa aku i kahi leka mele nui iā ia.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Ovid, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Ovid.
Kawaihae o Ovid
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ovid ma Malaki 20, 43 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Sulmo. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i loko o kahi ʻohana i pili i ka papa equit (horsemen).
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
ʻOiai he kāne waiwai ko Ovid makuakāne, ua hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kāna keiki i kahi aʻo maikaʻi.
Hoʻomaka ke kālena a ke keiki no ke kākau ʻana e hōʻike iā ia iho i ka wā kamaliʻi. Ma kahi kikoʻī, hiki iā ia ke haku i nā mea nani me ka maʻalahi. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai ʻoiai e kākau ʻo ia i ka prose, puka kū ʻole ʻo ia i nā mele.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna aʻo, ʻo Ovid, ma lalo o ke kaomi a kona makuakāne, i komo ai i ka lawelawe kīwila, akā ua hoʻoholo koke e haʻalele iā ia no ka kākau ʻana.
Ua huhū loa ke poʻo o ka ʻohana i ka hoʻoholo a kāna keiki, akā ua kūpaʻa ʻo Ovid e hana i kāna mea i aloha ai. Ua hele aku ʻo ia i kahi huakaʻi, i ke kipa ʻana iā Atenai, Asia Minor a me Sisilia.
Ma hope ua hui ʻo Ovid i kahi hui o nā haku mele kaulana, ʻo Mark Valerius Messal Corvinus ke poʻokela o kēia alakaʻi. I kona mau makahiki 18 paha, hana mua ʻo ia i mua o ke anaina me kāna mau hana. Mai kēia manawa i hoʻomaka ai nā mea kākau moʻolelo o Ovid i ka helu o kāna ola hanana.
Poetry
A hiki i ka makahiki 25, ua haku ʻo Ovid i nā mele no nā kumuwaiwai erotic. ʻO kāna mele mua loa ʻo "Heroids".
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i kēia lā ke nīnau ʻia nei ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kekahi mau paukū, akā i ka hapa nui o nā mele, ʻaʻole kānalua ka mea kākau ʻo Ovid.
ʻO kāna robots mua me ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mele "Amores", i kākau ʻia i loko o ka ʻuhane o nā mele aloha like. Ua hoʻolaʻa aku ʻo Ovid iā ia i kāna hoaloha Corinne. Ua hiki iā ia ke hōʻike me ka naʻau i nā manaʻo kanaka, alakaʻi ʻia e kona ʻike a me ka nānā ʻana i ka poʻe a puni iā ia.
Ma hope o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o kēia hōʻiliʻili i loaʻa ai iā Ovid kahi kaulana nui. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea haku mele loea loa ma Roma. Ma hope ua paʻi ʻo ia i ka pōʻino Medea a me ka hana nui ʻEpekema o ke aloha.
Ua heluhelu nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā mele a Ovid i kā lākou mea aloha, e hoʻāʻo nei e hōʻike i ko lākou mau manaʻo me kā lākou kōkua.
I ka makahiki 1 ua hōʻike ʻo Ovid i kahi mele ʻē aʻe "The Medicine for Love", a ma hope iho ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā keonimana maikaʻi loa. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia i nā kāne e makemake ana e kāpae i nā wahine hōʻeha a me nā kaikamahine.
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lilo i piha i nā hana elegiac, ua kākau ka haku mele i ka mele nui "Metamorphoses". Ua hōʻike ʻia i kahi kiʻi kaʻao o ka honua mai ka hiʻona o ke ākea a hiki i ka hiki ʻana i ka mana o Julius Kaisara.
I loko o nā puke 15, ua wehewehe ʻo Ovid i nā kaʻao he 250, i pili pili i nā kumuhana kumuhana a me nā wahi ʻāina. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo "Metamorphoses" ʻo kāna hana ʻoi loa.
I loko o kēlā wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua hana pū ʻo Ovid i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā pālua - "Fasty". Ua manaʻo ʻo ia e wehewehe i nā mahina āpau, nā lā nui, nā hana, nā mea kūlohelohe a hāʻawi i nā ʻano hoihoi like ʻole. Eia naʻe, pono ʻo ia e haʻalele i kēia hana, no ka makemake ʻole o ka Emepera Augustus.
Me he mea lā ua huhū ʻo Augustus, nāna i kauoha i ka wā pio o Ovid mai Roma a i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tomis, me nā huaʻōlelo ma muli o kekahi "kuhi hewa" ʻike ʻole ʻia i kekahi o kāna mau mele. Hōʻike nā mea kākau moʻolelo Lyric ʻaʻole makemake ka mōʻī i ka hana, ka mea i hōʻino ai i nā loina a me nā loina o ka mokuʻāina.
Wahi a kekahi mana, he hana maʻalahi wale ka noʻonoʻo e hoʻolei iā Ovid, e hūnā ana i nā manaʻo politika a pilikino paha.
ʻOiai ma ka lawe pio ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻo Ovid i kahi nostalgia ikaika no Roma, ma muli o kahi hopena āna i haku ai i nā hana kanikau. Ua kākau ʻo ia i ʻohina he 2 - "Sorrowful Elegies" a me "Letters from Pontus" (9-12 AD).
Ma kahi o ka manawa like, ua hana ʻo Ovid i ka hana "Ibis", i kūkulu ʻia i mea hōʻino, i haʻi ʻia e ke kahuna ma ke kuahu. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke hele i kahi ʻikepili e pili ana i ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia kēia kūamuamu.
Ua lilo ʻo "Sorrowful Elegies" i kumu waiwai nui o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu hana a pilikino o Ovid.
I kāna hana, ua wehewehe ka mea kākau i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā i kona wā hilahila, hāʻawi i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa exculpatory, huli i nā ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha, a noi pū no ke kala a me ke ola.
I nā leka mai Poneto, ua hōʻea ka manaʻolana o Ovid i kona piko. Nonoi aku ʻo ia i kāna mau hoaaloha e uwao iā ia i mua o ʻAukake a kamaʻilio e pili ana i kona ola paʻakikī ma kahi mamao aku mai kona ʻāina hānau.
Ma ka hapa hope o ka hōʻiliʻili, ua noi ka mea haku mele i ka ʻenemi e waiho wale iā ia a e make ʻo ia me ka maluhia.
Ke ola pilikino
Mai nā hana a Ovid, ʻike ʻia ua mare ʻia ʻo ia ʻekolu mau manawa.
ʻO ka wahine mua a ka lyricist, āna i male ai ma ke koi a kona makuakāne, i manaʻo ʻia e pale iā ia mai ka palaka a me ke ola lapuwale. Eia naʻe, makehewa nā hana a ka wahine. Ua hoʻomau ke kāne e alakaʻi i kahi ola palaualelo, he mau haku wahine kekahi.
ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo ka wahine e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ala me Ovid ma hope koke o kā lāua male. Ma hope o kēlā, ua male ka lyricist i kāna makemake kūʻokoʻa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi kēia hui ʻana.
No ke kolu o ka manawa, male ʻo Ovid i kahi kaikamahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Fabia, ka mea āna i aloha nui ai a nānā i ka hoʻouluulu i loko ona. No kāna pono, ua kū ke kāne i ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi ola haunaele, e hoʻolimalima mau ana me kāna wahine.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he kaikamahine kā Fabia mai ka male ma mua. ʻAʻohe keiki a Ovid nāna.
Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka idyll o ke aloha e ka kipaku ʻia ʻana o ka haku mele iā Tomis, kahi i ʻike ai ʻo ia wale nō. ʻ suggestlelo nā biographers ua pili ʻo Fabia me kahi ʻohana kahu nui koʻikoʻi, mahalo i hiki iā ia ke kākoʻo i kāna kāne i ka lawe pio.
Make
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, i ka lawe pio ʻana, ua makemake nui ʻo Ovid iā Roma a me kona ʻohana. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻohana a me nā hoa aloha ke hoʻohuli i ka Emepera e aloha iā ia.
Wahi a kekahi o nā ʻōlelo puana kaulana, ua moeʻuhane ʻo Ovid no ka "make ʻana i waenakonu o ka hana," a ma hope iho ua hiki.
Ma hope koke o ke kākau ʻana i nā leka mai Poneto, ua make ʻo Ovid i ka makahiki 17 (18) AD. i ka makahiki 59. ʻAʻole nō i ʻike ʻia ke kumu maoli o kona make ʻana.
Nā kiʻi a Ovid
