Romain Rolland (1866-1944) - Palani mea kākau, mea kākau prose, mea kākau moʻolelo, mea hoʻolaha lehulehu, mea hana keaka a mea hoʻokani pila. ʻO ka lālā hanohano haole o ka USSR Academy of Science.
Laureate o ka Nobel Prize in Literature (1915): "No ka idealism kiʻekiʻe o nā hana palapala, no ka minamina a me ke aloha i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo."
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Romain Rolland, a mākou e haʻi e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou he moʻolelo pōkole o Rolland.
Kawaihae o Romain Rolland
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Romain Rolland ma ka lā 29 o Ianuali, 1866 i ke aupuni Farani o Clamecy. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana notary. Mai kona makuahine i loaʻa iā ia kahi hoihoi no ka mele.
I ka wā ʻōpio, ua aʻo ʻo Romain i ka hoʻokani piano. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka hapa nui o kāna mau hana i nā kumuhana mele. Ma kahi o 15 ona mau makahiki, ua neʻe ʻo ia a me kona mau mākua e noho i Palisa.
Ma ke kapikala, ua komo ʻo Rolland i ka Lyceum, a laila hoʻomau i kāna aʻo ʻana ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe ʻo Ecole Normal. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kāna aʻo ʻana, ua hele ke kāne i ʻItalia, kahi no 2 mau makahiki i aʻo ai ʻo ia i nā hana noʻeau, a me nā hana a nā mea hoʻokani pila Italia kaulana.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i kēia ʻāina ʻo Romain Rolland i hālāwai ai me ke akeakamai ʻo Friedrich Nietzsche. I ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home, pale aku ʻo ia i kāna palapala no ke kumuhana “Ke kumu o ka hale opera o kēia manawa. ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka opera ma ʻEulopa ma mua o Lully lāua ʻo Scarlatti. "
ʻO ka hopena, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Rolland i ke kekelē o ke polopeka o ka mōʻaukala mele, i ʻae iā ia e haʻi ʻōlelo ma nā kula nui.
Nā puke
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Romain i kāna puke moʻolelo ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila, e kākau ana i ke keaka ʻo Orsino i ka makahiki 1891. Ua hoʻopuka koke ʻo ia i nā hana keaka ʻo Empedocles, Baglioni a me Niobe, no ka wā kahiko ia. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia kekahi o kēia mau hana i ke ola o ka mea kākau.
ʻO kā Rolland hana i hoʻopuka mua ʻia ʻo ia ka pōʻino "Saint Louis", i paʻi ʻia ma 1897. ʻO kēia hana, a me nā keaka ʻo "Aert" a me "The Time Will Come", e hana i ka pōʻaiapuni "Tragedies of Faith".
Ma 1902, ua paʻi ʻo Romain i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā moʻolelo "People's Theatre", kahi i hōʻike ai ʻo ia i kāna mau manaʻo e pili ana i ka hana keaka. He mea pīhoihoi ʻo ia i hōʻino i ka hana a nā mea kākau nui e like me Shakespeare, Moliere, Schiller a me Goethe.
Wahi a Romain Rolland, ʻaʻole i alualu nui kēia mau moʻokalaleo i ka makemake o ka lehulehu ākea i ko lākou ʻimi ʻana e hoʻokipa i ka poʻe koʻikoʻi. Ma ka huli, ua kākau ʻo ia i kekahi mau hana e hōʻike ana i ka ʻuhane kipi o ka poʻe maʻamau a me ka makemake e hoʻololi i ka honua no ka ʻoi aku.
Ua hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ʻo Rolland e ka lehulehu ma ke ʻano he mea pāʻani keaka, no ka mea ma kāna hana he heroism kūpono ʻole. No kēia kumu, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e kau i ka ʻano biography.
Mai ka peni a ka mea kākau i puka mai ai ka hana nui mua "The Life of Beethoven", a me nā puke pai "The Life of Michelangelo" a me "The Life of Tolstoy" (1911), i hōʻuluʻulu i kahi moʻo - "Heroic Lives". Me kāna hōʻiliʻili, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka mea heluhelu ʻaʻole nā koa o kēia manawa i alakaʻi koa a i ʻole nā mea kālaiʻāina, akā ʻo nā mea kaha kiʻi.
Wahi a Romain Rolland, ʻoi aku ka mea kaumaha i ka poʻe hana ma mua o ka poʻe maʻamau. Pono lākou e kū i ka loneli, ka hoʻomaopopo ʻole, ka ʻilihune a me ka maʻi no ka leʻaleʻa o ka ʻae ʻia mai ka lehulehu.
I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua Mua (1914-1918), he lālā nō ua kāne nei no nā hui pacifist ʻEulopa like ʻole. I ka manawa like, hana nui ʻo ia i kahi puke i kapa ʻia ʻo Jean-Christophe, āna i kākau ai no 8 mau makahiki.
Mahalo i kēia hana i hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Rolland i ka Nobel Prize in Literature ma 1915. ʻO ka meʻe o ka puke moʻolelo he mea hoʻokani pila Kelemania nāna i lanakila i nā hoʻokolohua he nui i kona ala a hoʻāʻo e loaʻa ka ʻike honua. He mea hoihoi ia ʻO Beethoven lāua ʻo Romain Rolland ponoʻī nā prototypes o ke ʻano nui.
"Ke ʻike ʻoe i kahi kāne, haʻohaʻo ʻoe inā he puke moʻolelo a mele paha ia? Me he mea lā iaʻu, ke kahe mau nei ʻo Jean-Christophe me he muliwai lā. " Ma ke kumu o kēia manaʻo, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ke ʻano "novel-river", i hāʻawi ʻia iā "Jean-Christophe", a ma hope "The Enchanted Soul".
I ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaua, ua paʻi ʻo Rolland i kekahi mau hōʻiliʻili anti-war - "Ma luna o ke Kaua" a me "Forerunner", kahi i hōʻino ai i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka huhū koa. Kākoʻo ʻo ia i nā manaʻo o Mahatma Gandhi, nāna i haʻi aku i ke aloha i waena o ka poʻe a me ka hakakā no ka maluhia.
I ka makahiki 1924, pau ka hana a ka mea kākau i ka moʻomeheu o Gandhi, a ma hope o 6 mau makahiki ua hiki iā ia ke ʻike i ka ʻInikia kaulana.
He ʻano maikaʻi ko Romain i ka Revolution Revolution o ʻOkakopa o 1917, ʻoiai ke kipi hope a me ke aupuni i hoʻokumu ʻia. Eia hou, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia no Joseph Stalin ma ke ʻano he kāne nui loa o ko mākou manawa.
I ka makahiki 1935, ua kipa aku ka mea kākau prosa i ka USSR ma ke kono a Maxim Gorky, kahi i hiki ai iā ia ke launa a kamaʻilio pū me Stalin. Wahi a nā moʻolelo hoʻomanaʻo o ka wā o ka wā, ua kamaʻilio nā kāne e pili ana i ke kaua a me ka maluhia, a me nā kumu o ka hoʻomāinoino.
I ka 1939, ua hōʻike ʻo Romain i ke keaka ʻo Robespierre, a ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo ia i ke kumumanaʻo kipi. Ma aneʻi i noʻonoʻo ai ʻo ia i nā hopena o ka weliweli, e ʻike ana i nā mea kūpono ʻole o nā kipi. Noho ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ke Kaua Honua II (1939-1945), ua hoʻomau ʻo ia e hana i nā hana autobiograpical.
I kekahi mau mahina ma mua o kona make ʻana, hoʻolaha ʻo Rolland i kāna hana hope loa, ʻo Pegy. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka mea kākau, ua paʻi ʻia kāna mau moʻolelo hoʻomanaʻo, kahi i hōʻike maopopo ʻia ai kona aloha i ke kanaka.
Ke ola pilikino
Me kāna wahine mua, ʻo Clotilde Breal, ua ola ʻo Romain no 9 mau makahiki. Ua hoʻoholo lāua e haʻalele i 1901.
I ka makahiki 1923, ua loaʻa iā Rolland kahi leka mai iā Marie Cuvillier, kahi a ka mea haku mele ʻōpio e hāʻawi nei iā ia e loiloi i ka puke ʻo Jean-Christophe. Ua hoʻomaka kahi leka leka ma waena o ka poʻe ʻōpio, ka mea i kōkua iā lākou e hoʻomohala i nā manaʻo like kekahi i kekahi.
ʻO ka hopena, ma 1934, ua lilo ʻo Romain lāua ʻo Maria i kāne a wahine. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole hānau ʻia nā keiki i kēia hakakā.
He hoaaloha maoli ke kaikamahine a kākoʻo no kāna kāne, e noho pū ana me ia a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ma hope o ka make ʻana o kāna kāne, ua ola ʻo ia no 41 mau makahiki hou aku.
Make
I ka 1940, kauhale Farani o Vezelay, kahi i noho ai ʻo Rolland, ua hopu ʻia e ka Nazis. ʻOiai nā manawa paʻakikī, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ke kākau ʻana. I loko o kēlā manawa, ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kāna mau memoire, a ua hiki nō hoʻi iā ia ke hoʻopau i ka moʻolelo pilikino o Beethoven.
Ua make ʻo Romain Rolland ma Kēkēmapa 30, 1944 i ka makahiki 78. ʻO ke kumu o kona make ʻana he maʻi kō holomua.
Na Romain Rolland i kiʻi
