ʻO Mark Solonin

ʻO Mark Semenovich Solonin (genus. Ka mea kākau o kekahi mau puke a me nā ʻatikala i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke Kaua Nui Patriotic Nui (1941-1945).

Kuhi ka hapa nui o nā loiloi i nā hana a ka mea kākau e pili ana i nā kumuhana koa i ka ʻano o ka loiloi hou o ka mōʻaukala - kahi loiloi hou o nā manaʻo mōʻaukala i hoʻokumu ʻia i kēlā me kēia wahi.

Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Solonin, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai ma kēia ʻatikala.

No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Mark Solonin.

Kahu o ka pipi pipi

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Mark Solonin ma ka lā 29 o Mei 1958 ma Kuibyshev. Ua ulu ʻo ia i loko o kahi ʻohana maʻalahi me ka loaʻa awelika. Ua hana kona makuakāne ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana ma kahi mea ulu, a ua aʻo kona makuahine i ka Kelemania ma nā kulanui kūloko.

Ma ke kula, ua loaʻa iā Mark nā māka kiʻekiʻe ma nā ʻano hoʻopaʻapaʻa āpau, a ʻo ia ka hopena ua puka ʻo ia me ka mekala gula. Ma hope o kēlā, ua kūleʻa ʻo ia i nā hōʻike ma ke Kuibyshev Aviation Institute, e koho ana i ke kumu o ka ʻenekini mokulele.

I ka makahiki 23, ua pale aku ʻo Solonin i kāna palapala kākau no ke kumuhana "Mokulele Unmanned o ka hoʻohana hou ʻana". A laila hana ʻo ia ma kahi o 6 mau makahiki ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolālā ma kahi keʻena hoʻolālā kūloko.

I ka 1987, ua loaʻa iā Mark kahi hana ma ke ʻano he ahi ma kahi lumi paila. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka wā o perestroika, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻonohonoho o nā hui kaiaulu a me nā politika i ke kūlanakauhale. I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻomaka ke kanaka e noiʻi hohonu i ke kumuhana o ke Kaua Nui Patriotic.

Ka hana kākau

Ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻatikala a Solonin ma o samizdat. I ka makahiki 1988 ua hoʻomaka kāna mau hana e hōʻike ʻia ma nā nūpepa Samara. Ma hope o ka hiolo ʻana o ka USSR, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e hele i kahi ʻoihana liʻiliʻi, e hoʻāʻo nei e hānai i kona ʻohana.

Mai ka hopena o nā 90 a hiki i ka hopena o 2013, ua aʻo ikaika ʻo Mark Solonin i nā palapala ʻepekema a me nā mōʻaukala. He mea hoihoi ua ʻae ʻia ʻo ia i ka waihona o Moscow, Podolsk a me Freiburg. I loko o kēia manawa, ua hiki iā ia ke paʻi 7 mau puke a me nā ʻatikala he nui.

Ua kaulana ka hana a Solonin ma Russia wale nō, akā ma nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa. I ka puna o 2010, aia ʻo ia i waena o ka poʻe i kau inoa i ka hoʻopiʻi kūʻē a Rūkia "Pono ʻo Putin e hele."

I loko o ia mau makahiki, ua hui pinepine ka moʻolelo moʻomeheu ʻo Mark Semenovich i nā ʻaha kūkā ʻepekema a me ka mōʻaukala. Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā haʻiʻōlelo ma Estonia, Lituania, Solowakia a me USA. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i kāna mau hana e nānā ka mea kākau i kāna maka i ka hoʻomaka o ke Kaua Nui Patriotic.

I loko o kekahi o kāna mau nīnauele, ua kamaʻilio ʻo Solonin e pili ana i nā hanana o Iune 22, 1941: "... ʻO ke komo ʻana o Stalin i ke kaua he mea like ia me ka ʻona ʻana o kahi onaga ʻona, puhi i ka hale i ke ahi ʻona, a laila ala aʻe ʻo ia a holo koke akula e kinai ...". Kūʻē ʻo ia i ka manaʻo i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka lā mua o ke kaua, ua hana koke nā pūʻali koa Kelemania i kahi hahau nui a hōʻeha i ka USSR.

Wahi a Mark Solonin, ʻaʻole hiki i nā pahu kaua o ka ʻenemi a me nā mea kaua ke hoʻokau i nā pahuhopu i ʻoi aku ma mua o kekahi mau mile he 10 mai ka palena Soviet. Eia hou, pono e noʻonoʻo kekahi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo 90% o nā ʻāpana o ka Pūʻali Koa i waho o kēia ʻāpana.

Hōʻole ʻo Solonin i ka hiki i kahi lele uila uila ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kēlā manawa ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka pōkā lele. Hoʻohui ʻia, e like me ka mea kākau, ʻaʻole nui nā mea hakakā ma ka Luftwaffe.

I loko o kāna mau puke, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Mark Solonin ʻo ka nui o nā pio ʻana o ka pūʻali koa Soviet ma hope o ka malama mua o ka hoʻouka kaua. ʻO ka helu o nā mokulele luku ʻia o ka USSR (800 mau moku) i ka lā mua o ke kaua, kāhea ʻo ia he kūpono ʻole. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā mokulele i nā kahua mokulele i loko o kēia papa inoa.

Ma ka moʻolelo pilikino o 2010-2011. Ua hōʻike ʻo Solonin i kahi noiʻi palapala pepa 2-nui o nā kumu a me nā kūlana o ka eo ʻana o ka mana ea o nā palena palena komohana, ma muli o nā palapala mana he nui.

Ua hoʻohewa ka mea kākau i nā hana a ke alakaʻi o USSR, ka mea i kāhea aku i ka poʻe e makaʻu ʻole a hōʻole e haʻi i kahi hoʻākoakoa lehulehu (hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana ma Iune 23 wale nō).

Loaʻa i ka manaʻo o Mark Solonin kahi helu like i loko o ke kaiāulu. Kāhea aku kekahi mau mōʻaukala, nā mea nūpepa a me nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe iā ia i kekahi o nā mōʻaukala hou o kēia wā, ʻoiai nā mea loea ʻē aʻe, nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻopiʻi iā ia no ka hoʻopunipuni a me ka hoʻokolokolo nui ʻana o nā hanana he nui.

Ua hōʻino ka nui o nā loea Lūkini iā Solonin no ke kuhi hewa ʻana iā ia iho i pahuhopu no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka huhū o ka Nazis e kūʻē i ka Soviet Union, e ʻōlelo hōʻino ana, a i ʻole hōʻole paha i ka hana a ka poʻe Soviet.

ʻO Mark Solonin i kēia lā

Ma 2014-2016. Ua hōʻike ʻo Solonin i kekahi mau ʻatikala e pili ana i ke kumuhana o kā Russia hōʻeuʻeu iā Ukraine. I loko o ia mau mea, ua hoʻohewa hou ʻo ia i nā kulekele a Vladimir Putin.

Mai ka 2016, ua noho ka mea kākau ma Estonia, kahi nona kahi mea nona kahi mea a me ka luna hoʻolālā o Pyroheat OU. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, lilo ʻo ia i lālā o ka Russian Free Historical Society.

ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu loa, ua hoʻohewa ʻo Mark Semenovich i ke Kuhina Lūkini hou o ka moʻomeheu a me kauka o ka ʻepekema o ka mōʻaukala ʻo Vladimir Medinsky, ke hoʻohālikelike nei i kāna hana me ka propaganda a Joseph Goebbels.