Publius (aiʻole Guy) ʻO Korenelio Tacitus (c. 120) - ka mea kākau moʻolelo Roma kahiko, kekahi o nā mea kākau kaulana o ka wā kahiko, ka mea kākau o 3 mau hana liʻiliʻi (Agricola, Kelemania, Dialogue e pili ana i nā Orators) a me nā hana mōʻaukala nunui ʻelua (History a me nā Annals).
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Tacitus, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Publius Cornelius Tacitus.
Kawaihae o Tacitus
ʻAʻole maopopo ka lā hānau maoli o Tacitus. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia i waenakonu o 50. Hāʻawi ka hapa nui o nā mea kākau moʻolelo i nā lā ma waena o 55 a me 58 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka ʻāina hānau o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia, akā manaʻo ʻia ʻo Narbonne Gaul - kekahi o nā panalāʻau o ka Emepaea Roma.
ʻIke liʻiliʻi mākou e pili ana i ke ola mua o Tacitus. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia kona makuakāne me ke kuhina nui ʻo Cornelius Tacitus. Ua loaʻa i ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka wā e hiki mai ana kahi aʻo maikaʻi i ka haʻi ʻōlelo.
Manaʻo ʻia ua aʻo ʻo Tacitus i nā hana noʻeau mai Quintilian, a mai Mark Apra lāua ʻo Julius Secundus. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho i kahi loea loea i kona wā ʻōpio, a ʻo kahi hopena i makemake nui ʻia ʻo ia i ke kaiāulu. I ka waena o 70, ua hoʻomaka ʻo kāna ʻoihana e ulu wikiwiki.
Ua lawelawe ʻo Young Tacitus ma ke ʻano he orator hoʻokolokolo, a ʻike koke ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka Senate, nāna i kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hilinaʻi o ka mōʻī iā ia. Ma 88 ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻokele, a ma hope o 9 mau makahiki ua hoʻokele ʻo ia e hoʻokō i ka hanohano kiʻekiʻe o ke kanikela.
Mōʻaukala
I kona piʻi ʻana i kahi kiʻekiʻe i nā politika, ua ʻike pono ʻo Tacitus i ka pono o nā luna, a me ke kaniʻuhū ʻana o nā senatoa. Ma hope o ka pepehi kanaka ʻana o ka mōʻī Domitian a me ka hoʻoili o ka mana i ka moʻokūʻauhau Antonine, ua hoʻoholo ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ke kikoʻī, a ʻo ka mea nui loa - ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hōʻike i nā hanana o nā makahiki i hala aku nei.
Ua ʻimi pono ʻo Tacitus i nā kumuwaiwai hiki ke loaʻa, e hoʻāʻo ana e hāʻawi i kahi loiloi pahuhopu i nā kiʻi a me nā hanana like ʻole. Ua hōʻalo ʻo ia i nā manaʻo hackneyed a me nā ʻōlelo, makemake e wehewehe i nā mea i nā huaʻōlelo laconic a me ka mōakāka.
He pīhoihoi ia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hōʻike ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka mea, kuhikuhi pinepine ʻo Tacitus ʻaʻole pili paha kekahi kumu o ka ʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Mahalo i kāna kālena kākau, kahi noiʻi koʻikoʻi o nā kumuwaiwai a me ka hōʻike ʻana i ke kiʻi psychological o nā kānaka like ʻole, i kēia lā ua kapa ʻia ʻo Tacitus ka mea kākau moʻolelo Roma nui loa i kona wā.
Ma ke ola o 97-98. Ua hōʻike ʻo Tacitus i kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo Agricola, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka moʻolelo pilikino o kāna makuahōnōwai kāne ʻo Gnei Julius Agricola. Ma hope o kēlā, ua paʻi ʻo ia i kahi hana liʻiliʻi "Kelemania", kahi āna i wehewehe ai i ka ʻōnaehana, ka hoʻomana a me ke ola o nā ʻohana Kelemania.
A laila hoʻopuka ʻo Publius Tacitus i kahi hana nui "Mōʻaukala", hoʻolaʻa ʻia no nā hanana o 68-96. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua haʻi e pili ana i ka mea i kapa ʻia - "makahiki o nā ʻemepera ʻehā." ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo mai 68 a 69, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻemepela 4 i ka Emepaea Roma: Galba, Otho, Vitellius a me Vespasian.
I loko o ka moʻolelo "Dialog e pili ana i nā Orators" ua haʻi aku ʻo Tacitus i ka mea heluhelu e pili ana i ke kamaʻilio ʻana o kekahi mau haʻi ʻōlelo Roma kaulana, e pili ana i kāna hana ponoʻī a me kona wahi akahai i ke kaiāulu.
ʻO ka hana hope loa a nui loa a Publius Cornelius Tacitus ka Annals, i kākau ʻia e ia i nā makahiki hope o kāna moʻomeheu. Loaʻa kēia hana i nā puke 16, a he 18 paha. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma lalo o ka hapalua o nā puke i mālama ʻia a hiki i kēia lā.
No laila, ua haʻalele ʻo Tacitus iā mākou me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o ke au o Tiberius a me Nero, kekahi o nā ʻemepela Roma kaulana.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka Annals e haʻi nei e pili ana i ka hoʻomāinoino a me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻana o nā Kristiano mua i ka wā o Nero - kekahi o nā hōʻike kūʻokoʻa mua e pili ana iā Iesū Kristo.
Aia i loko o nā kākau a Publius Cornelius Tacitus kekahi mau huakaʻi i loko o ka palapala honua, ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu o nā lāhui like ʻole.
Me nā mea mōʻaukala ʻē aʻe, ua kāhea ʻo ia i nā lāhui ʻē aʻe he barbarians, kahi mamao aku mai nā Roma kūloko. I ka manawa like, ua kamaʻilio pinepine ka mea kākau moʻolelo e pili ana i ka pono o kekahi mau barbarians.
Kākoʻo ʻo Tacitus i ka mālama ʻana i ka mana o Roma ma luna o nā lāhui ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻo ia ma ka Senate, ua kākoʻo ʻo ia i nā pila i ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka pono o ka mālama pono ʻana i nā ʻāina. Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole nā kipi o nā panalāʻau i ke kolohe i kā lākou poʻe ma lalo.
Nānā Kālaiʻāina
Ua ʻike ʻo Tacitus i 3 ʻano nui o ke aupuni: mōʻī, a me nā aupuni a me nā aupuni a ka lehulehu. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kākoʻo i kekahi o lākou, e hōʻino ana i nā ʻano aupuni āpau i helu ʻia.
ʻO Publius Cornelius Tacitus kekahi ʻano maikaʻi ʻole i ka Senate Roma āna i ʻike ai. Ua ʻōlelo ākea ʻo ia e kaniʻuhū ana nā kenekoa i mua o ka ʻemepela ma kekahi ʻano a i ʻole.
Ua kāhea ʻo Tacitus i ka ʻōnaehana repubalika i ke ʻano kūleʻa loa o ke aupuni, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i manaʻo he maikaʻi paha ia. Eia nō naʻe, me kēlā ʻano kūkulu i ke kaiāulu, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻopono a me nā ʻano maikaʻi i nā kamaʻāina, a me ka hoʻokō kaulike.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻAneʻane ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i kona ola pilikino, a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o kāna moʻomeheu. Wahi a nā palapala e ola nei, ua male ʻo ia i ke kaikamahine a ke alakaʻi koa o Gnei, ʻo Julius Agricola, ka mea, ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻomaka ka male.
Make
ʻAʻole maopopo ka lā kikoʻī o ka make o ka mea haʻi ʻōlelo. ʻAe ʻae ʻia ua make ʻo Tacitus ca. 120 a i ʻole ma hope. Inā heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia, a laila hāʻule kona make i ke au o Adrian.
Kiʻi o Tacitus
