ʻO Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) - He mea hoʻopukapuka ʻAmelika a me ka mea kālepa nāna i loaʻa nā palapala Sila Nui he 1,093 ma ʻAmelika a ma kahi o 3,000 ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua.
ʻO ka mea nāna i hana ka phonograph, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka telegraph, kelepona, pono kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, hoʻomohala i kekahi o nā koho kūleʻa mua kūleʻa no ka ipukukui uila, a ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā koho ʻē aʻe.
Ua loaʻa iā Edison ka hanohano kiʻekiʻe loa ma US, ka Medal Gula Congressional. ʻO ka lālā o ka US National Academy of Science a me kekahi lālā hanohano haole o ka USSR Academy of Science.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino ʻo Edison, a mākou e haʻi e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Thomas Edison.
ʻO kā Biison moʻolelo moʻomeheu
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Thomas Edison ma ka lā 11 o Pepeluali, 1847 ma ke kaona ʻAmelika o Maylen (Ohio). Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i kahi ʻohana maʻalahi me ka loaʻa kālā haʻahaʻa. Me kona mau mākua, ʻo Samuel Edison lāua ʻo Nancy Eliot, ʻo ia ka muli loa o nā keiki 7.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I kona wā kamaliʻi, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o Edison ma mua o kāna mau hoa, a ʻaʻohe ona olakino maikaʻi. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kuni ʻulaʻula, ua kuli ʻo ia i kona pepeiao hema. Mālama ʻo makuakāne a me kona makuahine iā ia, no ka mea ua lilo mua lāua i ʻelua (e like me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, ʻekolu) keiki.
Ua pīhoihoi ʻo Thomas mai kona wā liʻiliʻi. Ua kiaʻi ʻo ia i nā mokuahi a me nā kamana i ke awa. Pēlā nō, hiki i ke keikikāne ke hūnā no kekahi manawa lōʻihi i kekahi wahi mehameha, e hana hou ana i nā kaha o kekahi mau hōʻailona.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā a Edison i hele ai i ke kula, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ma mua o ka haumāna ʻoi loa loa. Ua kamaʻilio nā kumu iā ia ma ke ʻano he keiki "palena". Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o 3 mau mahina, ua koi ʻia nā mākua e lawe i kā lāua keiki kāne mai ka ʻoihana aʻo.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻomaka ka makuahine e hāʻawi kūʻokoʻa iā Thomas i kahi aʻo kula haʻahaʻa. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo ua kōkua ʻo ia i kona makuahine e kūʻai aku i nā hua a me nā mea kanu ma ka mākeke.
Ua hele pinepine ʻo Edison i ka hale waihona puke, e heluhelu ana i nā hana ʻepekema like ʻole. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka wā o ke keikikāne ma kahi o 9 mau makahiki, ua haku ʻo ia i ka puke - "Natural and Experimental Philosophy", nona ka ʻaneʻane o nā ʻike ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana hoʻi o ia manawa.
ʻAʻole hoihoi iki ia i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua hana ʻo Thomas Edison i nā hoʻokolohua āpau i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka puke. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ua makemake ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua kemika, kahi e koi ai i kekahi koina kālā.
I ka manawa ma kahi o 12 mau makahiki ʻo Edison, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kūʻai aku i nā nūpepa ma ke kahua kaʻaahi. He pīhoihoi ia i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ua ʻae ʻia ke kanaka ʻōpio e alakaʻi i kāna mau hoʻokolohua i ka kaʻa ukana o ke kaʻaahi.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, lilo ʻo Thomas i mea paʻi o ka nūpepa kaʻaahi 1. A puni ka manawa like, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e komo i ka uila. I ke kauwela o 1862, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopakele i ke keiki a ke kahu hoʻonohonoho mai ke kaʻaahi neʻe, a no ka mahalo, ua ʻae ʻo ia e aʻo iā ia i ka ʻoihana telegraphic.
Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka mea i hiki iā Edison ke hoʻolako i kāna laina telegraph mua, e pili ana i kona hale me ka hale o kahi hoa. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua puka ke ahi i loko o ke kaʻa ukana kahi i alakaʻi ai ʻo ia i kāna mau hoʻokolohua. ʻO ka hopena, ua kipaku ka mea alakaʻi i ka chemist ʻōpio mai ke kaʻaahi a me kāna keʻena hoʻokolohua.
I kona wā ʻōpio, ua hoʻokele ʻo Thomas Edison e kipa i nā kūlanakauhale ʻAmelika he nui, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻonohonoho i kona ola. I loko o kēia manawa o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua maʻi pinepine ʻole ʻo ia, ʻoiai ua lilo ka hapa nui o kāna loaʻa i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā puke a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua.
Nā hana hou
Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka mea huna o ka kūleʻa o ka mea haku mea kaulana me kahi huaʻōlelo na Edison ponoʻī i kākau: "ʻO Genius ka 1% hoʻoulu a me ka 99% sweating." He hana nui ʻo Thomas, e hoʻolilo ana i kona manawa āpau i nā hale hōʻikeʻike.
Mahalo i kona kūpaʻa a me kona makemake e hoʻokō i kēia pahuhopu, ua hiki iā Thomas ke loaʻa he 1,093 mau palapala Sila ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ʻekolu manawa ka nui o nā palapala Sila ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻO kāna kūleʻa mua i hele mai ʻoiai e hana ana no ka Gold & Stock Telegraph Company.
Ua hoʻolimalima ʻia ʻo Edison ma muli o ka hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono i nā mea hana kelepaʻi, i hiki ʻole i nā limahana limahana ke hana. I ka 1870 ua kūʻai hauʻoli ka hui mai ke kāne mai kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomaikaʻi o telegraphing stock exchange bullets ma ke gula a me nā kumukūʻai kumukūʻai.
Ua lawa ka uku i loaʻa iā Thomas e wehe i kāna hale hana no ka hana ʻana i nā kelika no nā kūkaʻi. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, loaʻa iā ia ʻekolu mau papa hana like.
I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua holomua ka maikaʻi o nā biograpies o kā Edison mau hihia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia iā Pope, Edison & Co. I ka 1873, ua hōʻike kahi kāne i kahi mea hou - he telegraph ʻehā ala, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻouna like i nā leka uila he 4 ma luna o hoʻokahi uea.
No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā manaʻo ma hope mai, pono ʻo Thomas Edison i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua mākaukau pono. Ma 1876, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai New York, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana ma kahi pālahalaha nui i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka noiʻi a me ke kūkulu ʻana.
Ma hope, ua hōʻuluʻulu ke keʻena hoʻokolohua i nā ʻepekema e hoʻohiki ana. Ma hope o kahi hana lōʻihi a ikaika hoʻi, ua hana ʻo Edison i ka phonograph (1877) - ka mea hana mua loa no ka hoʻopaʻa leo ʻana a me ke kani hou ʻana i ke kani. Me ke kōkua o ke kuikele a me ka foil, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i kahi mele a nā keiki, a he mea hoʻopūʻiwa i kona poʻe hoa āpau.
I ka makahiki 1879, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Thomas Edison ka mea hou kaulana loa i kāna moʻomeheu ʻepekema - ke kukui kalapona kalapona. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola lawelawe o kēlā kukui, a ʻo kāna hana e koi ai i ka uku.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia nā ʻano kukui mua i kuni no ʻelua mau hola wale nō, pau ka nui o ka uila a ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi. Maikaʻi like, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia i nā mea he 6,000 ma mua o ke koho ʻana i ke kalapona ma ke ʻano he filament.
I ka mua, puhi ke kukui a Edison no 13-14 mau hola, akā ma hope ua hoʻonui ʻia kona ola lawelawe ma kahi o 100 mau manawa. Kūkulu koke ʻo ia i kahi hale kanu uila ma kekahi o nā moku ʻo Nu Ioka, a laila he 400 mau kukui e anapanapa ana. Ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā mea kūʻai uila mai 59 a 500 paha i loko o kekahi mau mahina.
I ka makahiki 1882, ua hū ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "kaua o nā au," i hala he hoʻokahi haneli haneli. He kākoʻo ʻo Edison i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke au pololei, i lawe ʻia me ka pohō nui ʻole ma kahi mamao aku.
A ʻo Nikola Tesla ka mea kaulana i ka honua, ka mea i hana mua na Thomas Edison, ua ʻōlelo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia au, a hiki ke lawe ʻia ma kahi mamao loa.
I ka manawa a Tesla, i ke noi a ka luna hana, i hoʻolālā ai i 24 mau mīkini AC, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia ka $ 50,000 i hoʻohiki ʻia no ia hana. I ka huhū, ua haʻalele ʻo Nikola mai kā Edison ʻoihana a lilo koke i mea hoʻokūkū pono nona. Me ke kākoʻo kālā mai ka industrialist Westinghouse, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolaha i ke au e kū nei.
Ua hoʻopau wale ʻia ke kaua o kēia au i ka 2007 wale nō: ua ʻoki ākea ka luna ʻenekinia o Consolidate Edison i ka uwea hope loa kahi i lawe ʻia ai nā au i New York.
ʻO kā Thomas Edison mau mea nui i hana ai me ka microphone kalapona, kahi hoʻokaʻawale magnet, kahi fluoroscope - kahi mea uila X, kahi kinetoscope - kahi ʻenehana cinematic mua no ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi kiʻi neʻe, a me kahi pakuhi nickel-iron.
Ke ola pilikino
I loko o nā makahiki o kāna pilikino pilikino, ua male ʻelua ʻo Edison. ʻO kāna wahine mua he mea lawelawe kelepona ʻo Mary Stillwell. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka manawa koke ma hope o ka male, ua hele ke kāne i ka hana, poina e pili ana i ka pō male.
I kēia hui ʻana, he kaikamahine a he ʻelua keiki kāne a ka wahine. ʻO nā keiki hiapo, ʻo Marriott lāua ʻo Thomas, i loaʻa nā inoa kapakapa ʻo "Point" a me "Dash", no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana iā Morse code, me ka lima māmā o ko lāua makuakāne. Ua make ka wahine a Edison i ka 29 o kona mau makahiki mai ka maʻi tumo o ka lolo.
ʻO ka lua o ka wahine a ka mea haku mele, ʻo ia ʻo Mina Miller ka inoa. Ua aʻo ʻo Edison iā ia i ka helu Morse ma ka hōʻike ʻana i kona aloha iā ia ma kēia ʻōlelo. Ua hānau pū kēia uniona he ʻelua keikikāne a hoʻokahi kaikamahine.
Make
Hana ka mea hana i ka ʻepekema a hiki i kona make ʻana. Ua make ʻo Thomas Edison ma ʻOkakopa 18, 1931 i ka makahiki 84. ʻO ke kumu o kona make ʻana he diabetes, ka mea i hoʻomaka e holomua me ka nui i nā makahiki i hala aku nei.
Nā Kiʻi Edison
