Putch piaʻike pū ʻia me ʻO ko Putch putch a i ʻole ka hoʻokahuli aupuni o Hitler a me Ludendorff - kahi hoʻāʻo kipi na nā Nazis i alakaʻi ʻia e Adolf Hitler ma Nowemapa 8 a me 9, 1923 ma Munich. I ka hakakā ʻana ma waena o ka Nazis a me nā mākaʻi i ke kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale, ua make he 16 Nazis a me 4 mau mākaʻi.
Ua huki ke kipi i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe Kelemania iā Hitler, ka mea i hoʻopaʻi ʻia i 5 mau makahiki i ka hale paʻahao. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā poʻomanaʻo mua i nā nūpepa a puni ka honua.
Ua hewa ʻo Hitler i ke kipi nui a hoʻopaʻi ʻia i 5 mau makahiki i ka hale paʻahao. I ka hopena (ma Landsberg) ua kuhikuhi ʻo ia i kona mau hoa paʻalima i ʻāpana o kāna puke "Kuʻu Kaua".
I ka hopena o 1924, ma hope o ka hala ʻana o 9 mau mahina i ka hale paʻahao, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Hitler. ʻO ka holo pono ʻole o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni ua hōʻoia iā ia hiki i kekahi ke hele i ka mana ma o nā ala kū kānāwai wale nō, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano propaganda hiki ʻole.
Nā preconditions no ka putch
I Ianuali 1923, ua puni ʻo Kelemania i kahi pilikia nui loa i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka noho ʻana o Farani. Ua kau ʻia ke kuʻikahi o Versailles o 1919 i nā kuleana ma Kelemania e uku i nā reparations i nā ʻāina lanakila. Ua hōʻole ʻo Palani e hana i nā mea kuikahi, e kāhea ana i ka poʻe Kelemania e uku i nā kālā he nui.
I ka hopena o ka hoʻopanee ʻana i ka reparations, komo pinepine ka pūʻali koa Farani i nā ʻāina Kelemania i noho ʻole ʻia. I ka 1922, ua ʻae nā mokuʻāina lanakila e loaʻa nā waiwai (metala, ore, lāʻau, a pēlā aku) ma kahi o ke kālā. I ka maka mua o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻopiʻi ka Palani iā Kelemania no ka hoʻolōʻihi i ka lako, a laila lawe lākou i nā pūʻali koa i ka moku Ruhr.
ʻO kēia a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe i hana i ka huhū ma waena o ka poʻe Kelemania, ʻoiai ke aupuni i koi aku i kona mau makaʻāinana e hoʻokau i ka mea e hana nei a hoʻomau i ka uku ʻana i nā uku. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻopio ʻia ka ʻāina i kahi ʻōkuhi nunui.
Mai kēlā manawa i kēia manawa ua hoʻouka kaua ka poʻe Kelemania i nā mea hoʻouka kaua, a ʻo kahi hopena a lākou i hana pinepine ai i nā hana hoʻopaʻi. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hōʻole nā luna o Bavaria, i hōʻike ʻia e kāna alakaʻi ʻo Gustav von Kara, e hoʻolohe iā Berlin. Eia hou, ua hōʻole lākou e hopu i nā alakaʻi kaulana he 3 o nā mea kaua a hoʻopau i ka nūpepa NSDAP ʻo Völkischer Beobachter.
ʻO ka hopena, ua hana ka Nazis i kuʻikahi me ke aupuni Bavarian. Ma Berlin, ua unuhi ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he kipi pūʻali koa, a ʻo kahi hopena a nā kipi, ʻo ia pū me Hitler a me kāna mau mea kākoʻo, ua aʻo ʻia e hōʻoki ʻia kekahi kūʻē e ka ikaika.
Ua koi aku ʻo Hitler i nā alakaʻi o Bavaria - Kara, Lossov a me Seiser, e hele i Berlin, me ke kali ʻole no lākou e hele i Munich. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻole ikaika ʻia kēia manaʻo. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Adolf Hitler e hana kūʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻolālā ʻo ia e lawe pio iā von Kara a koi iā ia e kākoʻo i ka hoʻouka kaua.
Hoʻomaka ka pia kauch
Ma ke ahiahi o Nowemapa 8, 1923, ua hōʻea ʻo Kar, Lossow a me Seiser i Munich e hana i mua o nā Bavarians i ka hale pia nui "Bürgerbreukeller". Ma kahi o 3000 mau poʻe i hele mai e hoʻolohe i nā alakaʻi.
I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Kar i kāna kamaʻilio ʻana, ma kahi o 600 mau mokulele hoʻouka kaua i hoʻopuni ai i ka hale, hoʻonohonoho i nā pū mīkini ma ke alanui a kuhikuhi iā lākou i nā puka o mua. I kēia manawa, kū pono ʻo Hitler i ka puka me ka mug o ka pia i hāpai ʻia i luna.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, holo ʻo Adolf Hitler i waenakonu o ke keʻena, a piʻi i luna o ka pākaukau a kī i ka kaupaku a ʻōlelo: "Ua hoʻomaka ka National Revolution!" ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea nānā i ʻākoakoa ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ke ʻano, me ka ʻike he puni lākou i nā haneli he mau kānaka.
Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Hitler ua hoʻopau ʻia nā aupuni Kelemania āpau, e like me ka Bavarian. Ua hoʻohui pū ʻo ia ua hui pū ka Reichswehr a me nā mākaʻi i ka Nazis. A laila ua laka ʻia nā mea ʻōlelo ʻekolu i loko o kekahi o nā lumi, kahi i hele mai ai ka Nazi nui.
I ka wā i aʻo ai ʻo Kar, Lossow a me Seiser ua kāhea ʻo Hitler i ke kākoʻo o General Ludendorff, ke koa o ke Kaua Honua Mua (1914-1918), ua pili lākou me ka National Socialists. Eia hou, ua ʻōlelo lākou ua mākaukau lākou e kākoʻo i ka manaʻo o ka huakaʻi i Berlin.
A ʻo kahi hopena, ua koho ʻia ʻo von Kar i kuhina nui no Bavaria, a ʻo Ludendorff - ka luna hoʻomalu o ka pūʻali koa Kelemania (Reichswehr). ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ʻo Adolf ponoʻī i hōʻike iā ia iho i ka chancellor imperial. E like me ka mea i hala ma hope, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Kar i kahi hoʻolaha, kahi i haʻalele ai ʻo ia i nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki āpau i ʻōlelo ʻia "ma ka pū."
Ua kauoha ʻo ia i ka hemo ʻana o ka NSDAP a me nā keʻena hōʻeha. I kēlā manawa, ua noho mua ka mokulele hoʻouka kaua i ke keʻena nui o nā pūʻali koa i ka Ministry of War, akā i ka pō ua hoʻokahuli ʻia lākou e ka pūʻali koa maʻamau, i kūpaʻa mau i ke aupuni o kēia manawa.
I kēia kūlana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ludendorff e noho ʻo Hitler i ke kikowaena kūlanakauhale, me ka manaʻolana e kōkua kāna mana i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā pūʻali koa a me nā luna hoʻomalu kānāwai ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka Nazis.
Malaki i Munich
Ma ke kakahiaka o Nowemapa 9, ua neʻe ka Nazis i ko lākou ala i Munich ma ke kikowaena waena. Ua ʻimi lākou e hāpai i ka hoʻopuni mai ka ʻoihana a lawe i lalo o kā lākou mana. Ma mua o ka huakaʻi ʻo Hitler, Ludendorff a me Goering.
ʻO ka hakakā nui ma waena o ka poʻe putchist a me nā mākaʻi i kū ma ka square Odeonsplatz. A ʻoiai he 20 mau manawa ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā mākaʻi, ua mākaukau maikaʻi lākou. Ua kauoha ʻo Adolf Hitler i ka mākaʻi e hāʻawi pio, akā hōʻole lākou e hoʻolohe iā ia.
Hoʻomaka kahi pana pana koko, a ma kahi o 16 Nazis a me 4 mākaʻi i make. Nui nā putchist, me Goering, i hōʻeha ʻia i nā kekelē like ʻole.
Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Hitler, a me kāna mau mea kākoʻo e hūnā, ʻoiai ʻo Ludendorff e kū ana i ke kuahā a hopu ʻia ʻo ia. I kekahi mau hola ma hope mai, hāʻawi pio ʻo Rem me nā hale ʻino.
Nā hopena pia putch
ʻAʻole nā Bavarians a me ka pūʻali koa i kākoʻo i ka putch, a ʻo kahi hopena ua hoʻopau loa ʻia. I loko o ka pule e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kāna mau alakaʻi āpau, koe wale nō ʻo Goering lāua ʻo Hess, i ʻauheʻe aku i Austria.
ʻO nā mea komo i ka huakaʻi, me Hitler hoʻi, ua hopu ʻia a hoʻouna ʻia i ka hale paʻahao ʻo Landsberg. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoi aku ka lawelawe ʻana o ka Nazis i kā lākou hoʻopaʻi ma nā ʻano akahai. Eia kekahi laʻana, ʻaʻole lākou i pāpā ʻia mai ka ʻākoakoa ʻana mai i ka papa ʻaina a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā manaʻo politika.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka manawa o kona hopu ʻia ʻana, ua kākau ʻo Adolf Hitler i ka hapa nui o kāna puke kaulana, My Struggle. Ke lilo ka paʻahao i Fuehrer o Kelemania, e kāhea ʻo ia i ka Hall Hall putch - ka National Revolution, a e haʻi aku ʻo ia i nā mea make he 16 i make i nā martyrs. I ka manawa 1933-1944. Hoʻolauleʻa nā lālā NSDAP i ka makahiki hoʻomanaʻo o ka putch i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ke kiʻi o ka Beer Putsch
