ʻO Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) - haku mele Kelemania, mea hoʻokani pila, alakaʻi a me kumu aʻo mele.
ʻO ka mea kākau o nā ʻāpana mele he 1000 a ʻoi i kākau ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole o kona manawa. He Protestant ikaika, ua hana ʻo ia i nā mele ʻuhane he nui.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Johann Bach, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Johann Sebastian Bach.
Kahaulelio Bach
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Johann Sebastian Bach ma ka lā 21 Malaki (31), 1685 ma ke kūlanakauhale Kelemania o Eisenach. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana hoʻokani pila ʻo Johann Ambrosius Bach a me kāna wahine ʻo Elisabeth Lemmerhirt. ʻO ia ka muli loa o nā keiki 8 o kona mau mākua.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua ʻike ʻia ka moʻomeheu Bach no kāna mele mele mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 16, ma muli o ka hopena he nui nā kūpuna a me nā ʻohana o Johann he mau mea pena kiʻi ʻoihana.
Ua hana ka makuakāne o Bach i kahi ʻahamele hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho a hana i nā mele mele.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ʻo ia ka mea i lilo i kumu mele mele mua na kāna keiki. Mai ka wā ʻōpio mai, hīmeni ʻo Johann i ka papa hīmeni a hōʻike nui i ka hoihoi i ka hana mele.
ʻO ka ulia pōpilikia mua loa i ka moʻolelo pilikanaka o ka haku mele o ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka makahiki 9, i ka wā i make ai kona makuahine. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hala pū kona makuakāne, ʻo ia ke kumu o kona kaikuaʻana ʻo Johann Christoph, ka mea i hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokalakupua, i hānai iā Johann.
Ma hope ua komo ʻo Johann Sebastian Bach i ka hale haʻuki. I ka manawa like, ua aʻo kona kaikaina iā ia e pāʻani i ka clavier a me ka organ. I ka makahiki 15 o ke kanaka ʻōpio, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna aʻo ʻana ma ke kula leo, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ai no 3 mau makahiki.
I loko o kēia manawa o kona ola, ua aʻo ʻo Bach i ka hana a nā haku mele he nui, a ʻo kahi hopena ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo e kākau mele. Ua kākau ʻia kāna mau hana mua no ka organ a me ka clavier.
Mele
Ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma 1703, ua loaʻa iā Johann Sebastian kahi hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila me ka Duke Johann Ernst.
Mahalo i kāna hoʻokani pila maikaʻi loa, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi kaulana i ke kūlanakauhale. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua luhi ʻo ia i ka hōʻoluʻolu i nā aliʻi a me nā luna like ʻole me kāna pāʻani.
Ke makemake nei e hoʻomau i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kāna hiki ke hana, ua ʻae ʻo Bach e lawe i ke kūlana o ka mea hoʻokani ma kekahi o nā hale pule. Ke pāʻani nei i 3 mau lā wale nō i ka pule, loaʻa iā ia kahi uku maikaʻi loa, i ʻae iā ia e haku mele a alakaʻi i kahi ola ʻano ʻole.
I loko o kēia wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua kākau ʻo Sebastian Bach i nā mele haku mele he nui. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻokau ka pilina koʻikoʻi me nā luna kūloko iā ia e haʻalele i ke kūlanakauhale ma hope o 3 mau makahiki. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, ua hoʻohalahala nā kāhuna pule iā ia no kāna hana hou i nā hana uhane kuʻuna, a no ka haʻalele ʻole ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale no nā mea pilikino.
I ka makahiki 1706, ua kono ʻia ʻo Johann Bach e hana ma ke ʻano he organist ma ka St. Blasius Church ma Mühluhausen. Ua hoʻomaka lākou e uku iā ia i kahi uku ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mākaukau o nā mea hīmeni kūloko ma mua o ka luakini mua.
Ua hauʻoli nui nā luna o ke kūlanakauhale a me ka hale pule iā Bach. Eia kekahi, ua ʻae lākou e hoʻihoʻi i ka hui o ka hale pule, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi kālā nui no kēia kumu, a uku pū ʻia iā ia i kahi uku nui no ka haku ʻana i ka cantata "The Lord is my Tsar".
Akā naʻe, ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua haʻalele ʻo Johann Sebastian Bach iā Mühluhausen, a hoʻi hou i Weimar. I ka makahiki 1708 ua lawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokolokolo o ka ʻaha, me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi uku ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe no kāna hana. I kēia manawa o kāna moʻomeheu, ua hōʻea kāna talena haku mele i ka wanaʻao.
Ua kākau ʻo Bach i nā hanana clavier a me ka orchestral, ua ʻeleu i ke aʻo ʻana i nā hana a Vivaldi a me Corelli, a ua mākaukau hoʻi i nā kaʻina hana a me nā mele harmonic.
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lawe ʻo Duke Johann Ernst iā ia mai nā ʻāina ʻē he nui e nā mea haku mele ʻItalia, nāna i wehe nā kiʻi hou no Sebastian.
Ua loaʻa iā Bach nā kūlana āpau no ka hana hua, me ka noʻonoʻo he manawa kūpono kāna e hoʻohana ai i ka orchestra a Duke. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana ma ka Book of Organ, kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā mele mele. I kēlā manawa, ua kaulana ke kāne ma ke ʻano he organist virtuoso a me harpsichordist.
I loko o ka moʻolelo moʻomeheu hana o Bach, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hanana hoihoi loa i hiki mai iā ia i kēlā manawa. I ka 1717 ua hele mai ka mea hoʻokani pila Farani kaulana ʻo Louis Marchand i Dresden. Ua hoʻoholo ka luna ʻahamele kūloko e hoʻonohonoho i kahi hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā virtuosos ʻelua, a ua ʻae nā mea ʻelua.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i kū ka "duel" i kali ʻia. ʻO Marchand, ka mea i lohe i kā Johann Bach pāʻani ʻana i ka lā ma mua a makaʻu i ka holo ʻole, haʻalele koke ʻo ia iā Dresden. ʻO ka hopena, ua koi ʻia ʻo Sebastian e pāʻani hoʻokahi i mua o ke anaina, e hōʻike ana i kāna hana virtuoso.
I ka 1717, ua hoʻoholo hou ʻo Bach e hoʻololi i kāna wahi o ka hana, akā ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu ka duke i kāna mea haku mele aloha i hele a hoʻopaʻa iā ia no kekahi manawa no nā noi mau e haʻalele. Akā naʻe, ua pono ʻo ia e kūleʻa me ka haʻalele ʻana o Johann Sebastian.
I ka hopena o ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua lawe ʻo Bach i ke kūlana o Kapellmeister me Prince Anhalt-Ketensky, ka mea i ʻike nui e pili ana i nā mele. Mahalo ke keiki aliʻi i kāna hana, a ma muli o ia mea, uku nui ʻo ia iā ia a ʻae iā ia e hana maikaʻi.
I loko o kēia wā, ua lilo ʻo Johann Bach i mea kākau o ka kaulana kaulana ʻo Brandenburg Concertos a me ke kaʻina ʻo Clavier Well-Tempered. I ka makahiki 1723 ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hana ma ke ʻano he oli o ka St. Choir Choir ma ka hale pule ʻo Leipzig.
I ka manawa like, lohe ka poʻe hoʻolohe i kā Bach hana akamai "St. John Passion". Ua lilo koke ʻo ia i "alakaʻi mele" o nā hale pule o nā kūlanakauhale āpau. I loko o kāna mau makahiki 6 ma Leipzig, ua paʻi ke kāne he 5 mau makahiki o ka cantatas, 2 o ia mau mea i ola ʻole a hiki i kēia lā.
Eia kekahi, ua haku ʻo Johann Sebastian Bach i nā hana a ka honua. I ka puna o 1729 ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ke poʻo i ka Collegian of Music - kahi hui honua.
I kēia manawa, ua kākau ʻo Bach i ka mea kaulana "Coffee Cantata" a me "Mass in B minor", ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he hana mele maikaʻi loa i ka moʻolelo o ka honua. No ka hana ʻuhane, ua haku ʻo ia i ka "High Mass in B minor" a me "St. Matthew Passion", i loaʻa iā ia ke poʻo inoa o ka haku mele o ka hale aliʻi Royal Polish a me Sākona.
I ka makahiki 1747, ua loaʻa iā Bach kahi kono mai ka mōʻī Prussian ʻo Frederick II. Ua noi ka luna i ka haku mele e hana i kahi improvisation e pili ana i kahi kiʻi mele āna i noi ai.
ʻO ka hopena, ua haku koke ka maestro i kahi fugue 3-leo, kahi mea āna i kākoʻo ai me kahi pōʻaiapili o nā ʻano like ʻole ma kēia kumuhana. Ua kapa ʻo ia i ke pōʻaiapuni me ka mōhai "Musical Offering", a ma hope iho ua hōʻike ʻo ia iā ia i makana na ke aliʻi.
I loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu hana, ua kākau ʻo Johann Sebastian Bach ma mua o nā hana he 1000, a he hapa nui o ia mau mea e hana ʻia nei ma nā wahi nui loa o ka honua.
Ke ola pilikino
I ka hāʻule o 1707, ua male ka mea mele i kāna hoahānau ʻelua ʻo Maria Barbara. I kēia male ʻana, he ʻehiku keiki a ka wahine, a he ʻekolu o lākou i make i ka wā ʻōpio.
ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻo nā keikikāne ʻelua a Bach, ʻo Wilhelm Friedemann lāua ʻo Karl Philipp Emanuel, ma hope lilo i mau haku mele ʻoihana.
I Iulai 1720, make koke ʻo Maria. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua male hou ʻo Bach i ka hana ma ka ʻaha ʻo Anna Magdalena Wilke, nona ka makahiki he 16 i kona wā ʻōpio. He 13 keiki a ka wahine, a he 6 wale nō i koe.
Make
I nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola ʻana, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe mea a Johann Bach i ʻike ai, no laila ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka haku mele ʻana, e kuhikuhi ana i kāna hūnōna kāne. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hana ʻo ia i 2 mau hana i mua o kona mau maka, kahi i alakaʻi ai i ka makapō piha o ka mea akamai.
He mea pīhoihoi 10 mau lā ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua ʻike hou ke kāne no kekahi mau hola, akā i ke ahiahi ua luku ʻia ʻo ia e kahi hahau. Ua make ʻo Johann Sebastian Bach ma ka lā 28 o Iulai 1750 i ka makahiki 65. ʻO ke kumu o ka make e lilo i pilikia ma hope o ke kaha ʻana.
Nā Kiʻi Bach
