ʻO Lewis Carroll

ʻO Lewis Carroll (inoa maoli Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, a i ʻole Charles Lathuage Dodgson; 1832-1898) - Mea kākau Pelekane, makemakika, mea loea, akeakamai, diakona a mea paʻi kiʻi hoʻi.

Loaʻa ka mahalo ʻia i nā moʻolelo kaʻao "Alice in Wonderland" a me "Alice ma o ke aniani nānā". Polofesa o ka makemakika ma ke Kula Nui ʻo Oxford.

Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Lewis Carroll, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.

No laila, eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Carroll.

Kawaihae o Lewis Carroll

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Lewis Carroll ma ka lā 27 o Ianuali, 1832 ma ke kauhale ʻEnelani ʻo Darsbury. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i kahi ʻohana nui o ke kahunapule. He 7 mau kaikuahine a he 3 mau kaikaina.

ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio

Ua aʻo mua ʻo Lewis, a me kona mau kaikaina, i ka heluhelu palapala me kona makuakāne. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ka lima hema o ke keikikāne.

Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e kākau me kona lima ʻākau, ma muli o ka hopena i hōʻeha ʻia ka psyche o ke keiki. Aia kahi mana i alakaʻi ʻia i kēlā ʻano hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana i kā Carroll haʻalulu. I kona mau makahiki he 12, ua lilo ʻo ia i haumana ma ke kula pilikino, akā ma hope ua komo ʻo ia i ke Kula Rugby.

Ma aneʻi ua aʻo ʻo Lewis no 4 mau makahiki. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā māka kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻano hoʻopaʻi he nui. Maikaʻi loa ʻo ia i ka makemakika a me ka hoʻomana. I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka makahiki o ka hapanui, ua kūleʻa ʻo ia i nā hōʻike no kahi koleke elite ma ke Kulanui ʻo Oxford.

I loko o kēia wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua loaʻa iā Carroll nā mākia mediocre. Eia naʻe, ma muli o kona mākaukau makemakika poʻokela, ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka hoʻokūkū e hāʻawi i nā haʻiʻōlelo makemakika ma Christ Church.

A ʻo kahi hopena, ua haʻi ʻōlelo ka mea kākau e hiki mai ana no nā makahiki he 26 e hiki mai ana i kona ola. A ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻoluʻolu i ka kamaʻilio ʻana i nā haumāna, ua loaʻa ka waiwai maikaʻi iā ia ma nā haʻiʻōlelo ʻana.

Ma muli o ke kuleana nui o ka theology i loko o ka papa hana i kēlā manawa, ua pono ʻo Lecturer Carroll i ka ʻoihana kahuna. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia e hana i loko o ka pālaki, ua ʻae ʻo ia e lilo i diakona, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻoihana kahuna.

Ka hana a Alice

Ma ke ʻano he haumāna, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Lewis Carroll e kākau i nā moʻolelo pōkole a me nā mele. ʻO ia ka manawa i hoʻoholo ai ʻo ia e paʻi i kāna mau hana ma lalo o kahi inoa inoa.

I ka makahiki 1856, ua loaʻa i ke Kulanui ʻo Christ Church kahi dean hou. Ua lilo ia i philologist a me lexicographer ʻo Henry Liddell, ka mea i male a ʻelima mau keiki. Ua lilo ʻo Carroll i mau hoa aloha me kēia ʻohana, a ʻo kahi hopena ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hele pinepine i ko lākou mau home.

Ua kapa ʻia kekahi o nā kaikamahine a ka wahine i male ʻia ʻo Alice, ka mea i ka wā e hiki mai ana e lilo i prototype o nā moʻolelo kaʻao kaulana e pili ana iā Alice. Makemake ʻo Lewis e haʻi i nā keiki i nā moʻolelo hoihoi like ʻole āna i haku ai i ka wā hele.

I hoʻokahi manawa, ua noi ʻo Alice Liddell iā Carroll e hele mai me kahi moʻolelo hoihoi e pili ana iā ia a me kona mau kaikuahine - ʻo Lauren lāua ʻo Edith. ʻAʻole noʻonoʻo ke kāne e haʻi iā lākou i kahi moʻolelo e pili ana i nā hanana o kahi kaikamahine liʻiliʻi i hiki i ka Underworld.

I mea e hoʻonanea ai nā keiki e hoʻolohe iā ia, hana ʻo Lewis i ke ʻano nui e like me Alice, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hāʻawi i nā mea ʻē aʻe me nā ʻano o kona mau kaikuahine. I ka pau ʻana o kāna moʻolelo, ua koi ʻo Alice iā Carroll e kākau i ka moʻolelo ma ka pepa.

Ma hope, ua hoʻokō ke kāne i kāna noi, e hāʻawi ana iā ia i kahi palapala - "Alice's Adventures Underground". Ma hope e lilo kēia palapala i kumu o kāna mau hana kaulana.

Nā puke

Nā puke kaulana o ka honua - "Alice in Wonderland" a me "Alice Through the Looking Glass", ka mea kākau i paʻi ʻia i ka wā o ka moʻomeheu o 1865-1871. ʻAʻohe lua o ke ʻano o ka haʻi moʻolelo ʻana iā Lewis Carroll.

Me ka noʻonoʻo nui a me ka ʻike, a me nā mākau loea a me ka makemakika poʻokela, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka "paradoxical moʻokalaleo". ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻimi e hoʻolilo i kāna mau koa i mea lapuwale, akā, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi ʻano noʻonoʻo, a lawe ʻia i kahi o ka lapuwale.

I kāna mau hana, ua hoʻopā ʻo Carroll i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi a me nā akeakamai e pili ana i ke ola a me ke kūlohelohe o ke kanaka. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā puke i ala mai ka hoihoi ʻaʻole wale i waena o nā keiki, akā i waena hoʻi o nā mākua.

Ua ʻike ʻia ka moʻolelo haʻi ʻole a Lewis ma kāna mau hana ʻē aʻe, e like me The Hunt for the Snark, Tales with Knot, ka mea a ka honu i ʻōlelo aku ai iā Achilles, etc. Wahi a kekahi mau mea kākau moʻolelo ola, ua ʻōlinolino kona ao honua no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka opiuma.

Ua lawe ʻo Carroll i ka opium ma kahi mau no ka mea ua ʻeha ʻo ia i nā poʻo poʻo nui. Wahi a ka poʻe o kona wā, he "ʻano ʻē ʻo ia." He kāne launa ʻo ia i hele mau i nā hanana kaiāulu.

Akā i ka manawa like, ua moemoeā ʻo Lewis e hoʻi i ka wā kamaliʻi, kahi i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea āpau a ʻaʻohe pono e alakaʻi i kahi ola pālua, makaʻu e ʻōlelo a hana hewa paha. I kēia pili, ua ulu ʻo ia i ka hiamoe.

Ua hoʻolaʻa ka mea kākau i kāna manawa kaʻawale i nā noi he nui. Manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia hiki i ke kanaka ke hele ma mua o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo āna i ʻike ai. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua ake nui ʻo ia e aʻo e pili ana i kahi mea ʻoi aku i ka ʻepekema i hiki ke hāʻawi i kēlā au.

I ke ʻano makua, ua kipa aku ʻo Carroll i nā ʻāina he nui ma ʻEulopa, e like me Kelemania, Pelekiuma, Polani, Palani a me Lūkia. Ma hope ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kākau o ka hana "Diary o kahi huakaʻi i Lūkia i 1867".

Makemakika

He loea makemakika loa ʻo Lewis Carroll, a ʻo ka hopena he paʻakikī a ʻano ʻokoʻa nā nane i kāna mau hana. I ke kaulike ʻana me ka haku moʻolelo, hoʻopuka ʻo ia i nā hana he nui i ka makemakika.

ʻO ka ʻepekema o ka ʻepekema e pili ana i ka geometry Euclidean, algebra, ke kumumanaʻo kūpono, ka noʻonoʻo makemakika, etc. Kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kekahi o nā hana no ka helu ʻana i nā mea hoʻoholo. I ka manawa like, makemake nui ʻo ia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia kūpono - "sorites".

ʻOiai ʻo kā Carroll hana makemakika ʻaʻole i waiho i kahi māka nui ma ka mōʻaukala o ka makemakika, ʻo kāna mau mea i loaʻa i ke kahua o ka makemakika moʻokalale ma mua o ko lākou manawa.

ʻO nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi a me nā haʻuki kinikini

Ua hoihoi nui ʻo Lewis Carroll i ka paʻi kiʻi ʻana. Ua kiʻi ʻo ia i nā kiʻi i ke kaila o ka kiʻi, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kiʻina kiʻi a me nā ʻenehana i hoʻokokoke loa aku i nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi a me nā kiʻi.

ʻO ka mea nui, makemake ke kāne e paʻi kiʻi i nā kaikamahine liʻiliʻi. Ma waho aʻe o ke paʻi kiʻi ʻana, hoihoi ʻo ia i ka chess, ma hope o ka nūhou i ka honua o ka chess nui. Ua aloha ʻo ia iā ia iho e pāʻani i kēia pāʻani, a aʻo pū nō hoʻi i kāna mau keiki.

ʻO ke kahua o ka hana ʻo "Alice Ma o ke Aniani Nānā" kūkulu ʻia ma luna o kahi pāʻani chess i haku ʻia e ka mea kākau ponoʻī, ʻoiai ua kau ʻo ia i ke kiʻi chess o kona kūlana mua i ka hoʻomaka o ka puke.

Ke ola pilikino

Nanea maoli ʻo Carroll i ka pili ʻana i nā keiki, keu hoʻi i nā kaikamahine. I kekahi manawa, me ka ʻae o nā makuahine, pena ʻo ia iā lākou i kapa ʻole a ʻōlohelohe paha. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia iā ia iho me ka hala ʻole o kāna aloha me nā kaikamahine.

He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo ʻia mai ke kuanaʻike o ka pono a laila, ʻaʻole i pūʻiwa ka mea aloha. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o nā mea kākau moʻolelo a Lewis Carroll e hoʻopiʻi iā ia no pedophilia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea i hiki ke hoʻolako i nā ʻike kūpono i nā ʻano palaho.

Hoʻohui ʻia, hōʻike ākea ʻia nā leka a me nā moʻolelo o ka wā o ka wā, i hōʻike ʻia ai ka makemakika ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopunipuni. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ka poʻe loea ma mua o ka hapalua o nā "kaikamahine" āna i kamaʻilio ai ma mua o 14, a ma kahi o ka hapahā ma luna o 18.

I loko o nā makahiki o kāna pilikino pilikino, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka mea kākau ke loaʻa i kāna hapalua ʻē aʻe, i koe hoʻokahi a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola.