He kāleka kipa ʻo Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin o Nizhny Novgorod. He like ia a ʻaʻole like me kāna Kazan, Novgorod, nā ʻaoʻao Moscow: ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka Kazan Kremlin, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka luna a me ka hanohano ma mua o ka Moscow.
Ke kū nei kēia kia hoʻomanaʻo o ka hale waena i ka Dyatlovy Hills. Mai ko lākou kiʻekiʻe, ʻike maopopo ʻia ka hui ʻana o ka ʻOka a me Volga. Maliʻa paha, ʻo ia ka manaʻo i ʻumeʻume ʻia ʻo Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, ka mea e koho ana i wahi no kahi kūlanakauhale hou ma nā ʻāina ʻo Mordovian. He mea hoihoi ia ʻo Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin i "hānau hou ʻia" ʻekolu manawa, lōʻihi a paʻakikī ka mōʻaukala o ka hana ʻana: ʻo ka mea mua i hana ʻia i ka lāʻau, a laila i ka pōhaku, a ʻo ka mea hope loa, kūkulu hou ʻia ia i loko o ka pōhaku lepo. Ua waiho ʻia ka lāʻau i ka makahiki 1221, ʻo ka pōhaku ma 1370 (ʻo ka mea nāna i kūkulu i ke kūkulu hale ʻo ia ka makuahōnōwai kāne o Dmitry Donskoy), a ua hoʻomaka ka hana pōhaku i ka makahiki 1500.
Monument iā V. Chkalov a me Chkalovskaya Stair ma ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻomaka e ʻimi i ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin mai ka kia hoʻomanaʻo iā V. Chkalov, kahi pailaka maikaʻi i hānau ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Nizhny Novgorod. ʻO ia a me kāna mau hoa hele i kahi lele kūikawā i ʻAmelika ma o ka North Pole.
Ke wehe nei kahi ʻike nani o nā Chkalovskaya Stair mai ka papa kia ma kahi kokoke i ka kia hoʻomanaʻo. Ua ʻoi aku paha kona ʻike ma mua o ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Kūkulu ʻia ke alapiʻi i 1949 a hānau ʻia ka inoa o Stalingrad (no ka hoʻohanohano o ke Kaua o Stalingrad). Ma ke ala, nā poʻe noho o ke kūlanakauhale a hopu iā Kelemania i kūkulu iā ia e ke ʻano o "kūkulu kanaka". ʻO ke alapiʻi e like me ke kiʻi ʻewalu a he 442 mau ʻanuʻu (a inā helu ʻoe i nā ʻanuʻu ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kiʻi ʻewalu, loaʻa iā ʻoe he kiʻi o 560 mau ʻanuʻu) Aia ma ke alapiʻi Chkalovskaya i kiʻi ʻia ai nā kiʻi ʻoi loa o ke kūlanakauhale.
ʻO nā hale kiaʻi Kremlin
Hale kiaʻi ʻo George... Maʻalahi ke kiʻi iā ia mai ka kia hoʻomanaʻo Chkalov. I kēia manawa ʻo ia ka hale kiaʻi ʻoi loa o ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, a he puka ia i hoʻokahi manawa, akā 20 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia nā hao hao a ua pani ʻia ke ala. Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i ka makahiki 1500, ua mālama ʻia ka hana e ka mea ʻItalia kaulana ʻo Peter Fryazin a i ʻole Pietro Francesco, i hele mai iā Nizhny Novgorod mai Moscow mai ke kūkulu pono ʻia ʻana o ka Kremlin o Moscow.
Ua loaʻa ka inoa o ua hale nei no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka hale pule kiaʻi ʻole ʻia o St. George the Victorious. Inā ʻoe e nānā pono, maopopo leʻa i kēia manawa ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i ka hale kiaʻi holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻo kāna ʻaoʻao luna wale nō. Hoʻopiha ka mea haʻahaʻa i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alapiʻi Chkalovskaya.
Ua hoʻonani nani ʻia ka hale pule. Maʻaneʻi, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20, mālama ʻia nā kiʻiona kahiko (e laʻa me Odigitria o Smolenskaya) a me nā ʻelele.
Aia kekahi mana o ke kumu o ka inoa: manaʻo kekahi ua kapa ʻia ia ma hope o ka mea hoʻokumu o ke kūlanakauhale, ʻo Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, ma Orthodoxy George. Maliʻa paha, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai kahi a Georgievskaya e kū nei, i ka makahiki 1221 aia he "hale kiaʻi huakaʻi" o ke keiki aliʻi.
ʻO Arsenalnaya (Powder) Hale kiaʻi a me Prolomnye Gates... Eia hou, hele nā mākaʻikaʻi āpau i nā puka Prolomny, aia ma kahi mamao aku mai ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Arsenal. ʻAʻole pono ka wehewehe o ka inoa o kēia hale kiaʻi o ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, no ka manawa lōʻihi i loaʻa ai nā mea kaua ma aneʻi: ua mālama ʻia nā mea kaua, ka pauda, nā pūkuniahi a me nā mea pono ʻē aʻe i ka wā o ka pūʻali koa.
ʻAʻole mamao loa mai ka Prolomnye Gates ka hale aliʻi o ke kiaʻāina, kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1841 e ke kauoha a Nicholas I. I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻomalu ʻia e A. N. Muravyov, kahi Decembrist mua i lawe pio ʻia i Siberia a hoʻi mai laila mai. Na Alexander Nikolaevich i hoʻolauna iā Alexander Dumas, ka mea i hōʻea i Nizhny Novgorod, me I. Annenkov a me kāna wahine, ka wahine wahine Palani P. Gebl (I. ʻO Annenkov kahi Decembrist kaulana i lawe pio ʻia ma Siberia, ʻo Gebl kāna wahine noho kānāwai, nāna i haʻalele iā ia, a ma hope lilo kekahi o nā heroine mele na A. Nekrasov "Nā wahine Lūkini"). ʻO ka moʻolelo aloha o kēia mau mea ʻelua i hoʻohiwahiwa i ka mea kākau, a ua hoʻolilo ʻo ia iā lāua i mau koa o kāna puke "Kumu Paʻa" hou aʻe. Mai ka 1991 ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Art i loko o ka hale o ke kiaʻāina.
Hale kiaʻi ʻo Dmitrievskaya... ʻO ka mea nui loa a hoʻonani ʻia hoʻi. ʻO ia pū kekahi. Kapa ʻia ma ka hanohano o St. Dmitry Tesalonika. ʻO ka hale pule, hoʻolaʻa ʻia i kona inoa, aia ma ka papa o lalo o ka hale kiaʻi. Minamina, i ke kenekulia 18 ua uhi ʻia me ka honua a nalowale, akā ua kūkulu hou ʻia ia i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 a ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale hōʻikeʻike ma nā papa kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻomaka kahi huakaʻi o nā paia Kremlin mai ka Hale kiaʻi ʻo Dmitrievskaya. Aia kahi manawa kūpono e hele a puni ia, aʻo i ka mōʻaukala, hoʻolohe i nā kaʻao e pili ana i ka ʻāina Nizhny Novgorod. Hiki ke lawe i ka huakaʻi mai 10:00 a 20:00 (Mei a Nowemapa).
ʻO nā hale kiaʻi ʻo Storeroom a me Nikolskaya... Ua liʻiliʻi lākou ma mua o Dmitrievskaya, akā ʻaʻole hoihoi iki kā lākou moʻolelo. He hale waihona ukana ʻo Pantry kahi i mālama ʻia ka meaʻai a me ka wai, kahi e pono ai i ka wā o ka siege.
Poepoe ka pantry, ma luna o kona mōʻaukala lōʻihi ua hoʻololi ʻia i mau inoa: Alekseevskaya, Tverskaya, Tseikhgauznaya.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Nikolskaya ma hope o kahi hale pule kahiko i nalo i nā kenekulia 17th-18th. I ka makahiki 2015, ua kūkulu ʻia ka hale pule ʻo Nikolskaya ma ke ʻano Pskov-Novgorod ma kahi kokoke i ka puka ʻo Nikolsky.
Hale kiaʻi Koromyslov... Pili ʻia kahi kaʻao hoihoi me kēia hale kiaʻi komohana hema o ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, e haʻi ana i ka "waiho ʻana" o kahi wahine ʻo Nizhny Novgorod i ʻelua mau ʻenemi me kahi ʻauamo. Ma ka maʻamau, ua make ke kaikamahine, a ʻo nā kamaʻāina o Nizhny Novgorod, ka mea i hala i ka ʻenemi, ua kanu iā ia me nā hanohano ma lalo o nā paia o ka hale kiaʻi. Aia kekahi kia hoʻomanaʻo kokoke i kona mau paia, e hōʻike nei i kahi kaikamahine me ka ʻauamo.
Hale kiaʻi ʻo Taynitskaya... I kekahi manawa aia kahi ala huna mai ia a i ka muliwai Pochayna. ʻO nā pakaua o ia manawa he mau ala huna i ka wai i ʻole e make ka mea i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka make wai. He inoa hou ko kēia hale kiaʻi - Mironositskaya ma ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Wehe ʻia kahi nānā kupaianaha o nā luakini mai luna: ʻo Alexander Nevsky, ʻo ʻIliahi ke kāula, ʻo Kazan Ikona o ka makuahine o ke Akua.
Hale kiaʻi ʻĀkau... Aia nā manaʻo kupaianaha o ka muliwai, ka square "Skoba" (modern National Unity), ka hale pule o ka hānau ʻana o John Bapetite, e kū ana ma ka Posad Kahiko kahiko. Aia kekahi kaʻao e like me ka mea i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kahua o ka make o ke keiki aliʻi Tatar, ka mea i hoʻāʻo e lawe iā Nizhny Novgorod.
Hale kiaʻi uaki... ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hale kaulana loa o ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. I ka manawa i loaʻa he "uaki kaua", ʻo ia hoʻi, he uaki hahau, ua kāohi ʻia ka mīkini e kahi mea hana uaki kūikawā. A ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka dial i 12, akā i nā ʻāpana 17. Minamina, ua nalo ka uaki a me ke ʻano hana i kēia manawa, akā mahalo ʻia ka hale kiaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hale uaki lāʻau. I kekahi manawa aia kahi ma waena o ka North a me nā Clock Towers, kahi i hele ai kahi leʻaleʻa. Maʻalahi ke kiʻi iā Nizhniy Posad ma luna. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka funicular mua ma 1896.
Hale kiaʻi ʻo ʻIvovskaya... ʻO kēia ka hale kiaʻi nui loa ma Kremlin, a he nui nā mōʻaukala i manaʻo ʻo ia ma laila i hoʻomaka ai kāna kūkulu ʻana. Pili nā kaʻao a me nā moʻolelo he nui iā ia, akā ʻo ka mea nui ʻaʻole ia, akā ʻo ka mea kokoke i kona mau paia, ma ka ʻaha kūkā ʻo ʻIvovo, ua heluhelu ʻo Kuzma Minin i ka poʻe o Nizhny Novgorod i nā leka a Patriarch Hermogenes, ka mea e make nei i ka pōloli i Moscow i hopu ʻia e nā Pole. Ua lilo kēia hanana i wahi hoʻomaka no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o Lūkia a me ka hopena o ka manawa o nā pilikia. Hōʻike ʻia kēia hanana i ka pena kiʻi na K. Makovsky "Minin's Appeal to Nizhny Novgorod", aia ia i kēia manawa i ka Art Museum o ke kūlanakauhale.
Hale kiaʻi keʻokeʻo... ʻAʻole kipa iki kahi mākaʻikaʻi pehea e hele ai i laila. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he huakaʻi Kremlin maʻamau kēia. ʻO ka inoa ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka kūkulu ʻia ʻana ʻaʻole ia he pōhaku ʻulaʻula, akā he pōhaku keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. I hoʻokahi manawa, keʻokeʻo ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin āpau, akā ua hina ka pena mai ka paia mai ka paia.
Ma waena o nā loea i ʻike i kahi inoa ʻē aʻe, ʻo Simeonovskaya, aia kekahi manaʻo e pili ana ka inoa "keʻokeʻo" me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kū nei ka hale kiaʻi ma ka honua kahi o ka hale mōneka o St. Simeon ka Stylite, i luku ʻia i ka 18 kenekulia. ʻO nā ʻāina i pili i nā mōneka ua kapa ʻia lākou he "keʻokeʻo", ʻo ia hoʻi, manuahi nā ʻauhau mokuʻāina.
Manaʻo Conception a me Borisoglebskaya... ʻAʻole i ola kēia mau hale ʻelua o ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin a hiki i ke kenekulia 20. Ua luku ʻia lākou e kahi kahawai. I ke kenekulia XX, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ke kūkulu hou ʻana o Kremlin, ua hoʻomaka hou ʻia nā hale kiaʻi, e hoʻāʻo nei e hāʻawi iā lākou i ko lākou ʻano maoli. Ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hana hoʻōla hou ma mua o 60 mau makahiki a, ʻoiai nā pilikia, ua hoʻopakele ʻia ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin mai ka luku ʻia.
Pili kekahi kaʻao me Belaya a me Zachatskaya. Aia i loko o laila ke aloha o kekahi Danilo Volkhovets no Nastasya Gorozhanka, a me ka lili o ka mea hoʻolālā ʻo Giovanni Tatti, a me ka pepehi kanaka ʻana o kekahi i kekahi e ka poʻe lili. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua kūkulu ʻia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Keʻokeʻo ma ke kahua o ka hale kupapaʻu o Daniel, a ʻo ka mea ʻulaʻula, ʻo Zachatyevskaya, i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kahua kahi i kanu ʻia ai ʻo Tatti.
Ma loko o ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin: he aha e ʻike ai
Aia kekahi puka Prolomnye ma waena o ka ʻIvovskaya a me ka Hale kiaʻi Clock. Ma o lākou hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ka ʻāina ʻo Kremlin. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano ʻano o nā hale i loko, akā he kakaikahi wale nō nā hale maoli. He mea pono ke nānā aku i:
Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike a me nā hōʻikeʻike
Hana kekahi mau hale hōʻikeʻike i ka ʻāina o ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin:
- "Dmitrievskaya Tower" - kahi hōʻike i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka moʻolelo o Kremlin (wehe: mai 10:00 a 17:00);
- "Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo ʻIvanavskaya" - hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka hōʻike i ka Manawa o nā Pilikia (wehe: mai 10:00 a 17:00);
- "Hale Hōʻikeʻike" - nā ʻike āpau i hana ʻia e nā kānaka hulihonua aia ma aneʻi (wehe: mai 10:00 a 20:00);
- ʻO Nikolskaya Tower (hale kiaʻi).
Pau nā keʻena likiki i ka hana 40 mau minuke ma mua o ka panina o nā hale hōʻikeʻike a me nā hōʻikeʻike.
ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe nā kumukūʻai, aia nā uku hoʻēmi no nā keiki a me nā ʻelemākule. Uku ʻokoʻa ʻia ka paʻi kiʻi ʻana a me ke paʻi wikiō ʻana.
Inā makemake ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i hoʻokahi balota i ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Loaʻa iā ia kahi kipa i nā hale kiaʻi ʻekolu a me kahi hele wāwae ma ka paia. No kahi ʻohana, he mālama maoli kēlā pēke.
He mea pono ke kipa ʻia ka hale hōʻikeʻike kiʻi. Aia ma kahi o 12 tausani mau hōʻike i kāna hōʻiliʻili. Nā hola hana o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike: mai 10:00 a 18:00 i kēlā me kēia lā, koe ka lā Pōʻakahi.
Pehea e kiʻi ai i ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin mai ke kikowaena kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale e nā minibus Helu 34, 134, 171, 172, 81, 54, 190, 43. Kū ma Minin Square, ke komo ma loko o ka Hale Dmitrievskaya Tower.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ke Kremlin ma o nā hale kiaʻi ʻo ʻIvovskaya a me Severnaya mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai, akā he piʻi kūpikipiki loa kā ka poʻe huakaʻi.
ʻO ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin kahi kūpanaha, pohihihi. ʻAe ka poʻe mōʻaukala he nui e mālama ʻia nā waiwai nui i lalo o ka honua. Nā ala o ka honua, nā ala, nā lumi i hūnā ʻole ʻia - he maoli maoli kēia a pau, a he mea paha, aia kahi wahi. Malia paha, ma kahi o ka teritori o ka Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin i hūnā ʻia ai ka waihona puke moʻolelo o Sophia Paleologue a i ʻole ka hale waihona puke ʻo ʻIvana ka weliweli.
