ʻO nā kuahiwi Ural, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Pōhaku Pohaku o nā Ural", e hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻōnaehana mauna e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā pāpū ʻelua (East Europe a me Siberian Komohana). ʻO kēia mau laulā he pale kūlohelohe ma waena o nā panalāʻau ʻAsia a me ʻEulopa, a aia i waena o nā kuahiwi kahiko o ka honua. Hōʻike ʻia kā lākou ʻano e kekahi mau ʻāpana - polar, southern, circumpolar, ʻākau a me waena.
Nā mauna Ural: ʻauhea lākou
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ke kūlana ʻāina o kēia ʻōnaehana ka lōʻihi mai ke kūkulu ʻākau a ka hema. Hoʻonani nā puʻu i ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia, ka hapanui e uhi ana i ʻelua mau ʻāina - ʻo Lūkia a me Kazakhstan. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka massif ma nā moku ʻo Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Ter Teritori, Bashkortostan. ʻO nā kaulike o ka mea kūlohelohe - holo like nā kuahiwi i ka meridian 60th.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēia pae mauna ma mua o 2500 km, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka piko nui 1895 m. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mauna Ural ʻo 1300-1400 m.
ʻO nā piko kiʻekiʻe o ka lālau pū kekahi:
Aia ke kiko kiʻekiʻe ma ka palena e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka Repubalika Komi a me ka ʻāina ʻo Ugra (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug).
Hiki i nā mauna Ural ke kahakai o ka Arctic Ocean, a laila peʻe lākou ma lalo o ka wai no kahi mamao, hoʻomau aku i Vaigach a me ka pae ʻāina ʻo Novaya Zemlya. No laila, hoʻonui ka massif i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau no 800 km hou aʻe. ʻO ka laulā ʻoi loa o ka "Belt Stone" ma kahi o 200 km. Ma nā wahi e pili ana i 50 km a ʻoi.
Moʻolelo hoʻomaka
Kūkākūkā nā Geologists he ʻano paʻakikī ko nā Ural Mountains e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano pōhaku ʻokoʻa i kā lākou kūkulu. Pili nā pae mauna i ke au o ka pelu Hercynian (hala ʻo Paleozoic), a hiki i ko lākou makahiki i 600,000,000 mau makahiki.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻi ʻia ʻana o nā pā nui ʻelua. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia mau hanana i mua o ka haki ʻana o ka iwi honua, ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kai, a nalowale aku nei me ka hala o ka manawa.
Manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi ua hoʻololi nā kūpuna mamao o ka ʻōnaehana o kēia au i nā loli nui i loko o nā makahiki he mau miliona. I kēia lā kūlahalaha kahi kūlana paʻa i nā mauna Ural, a ʻaʻohe neʻe nui mai ka poli honua. ʻO ke ōlaʻi ikaika loa (me kahi mana ma kahi o 7 mau helu) i kū i ka makahiki 1914.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka waiwai o ka "Belt Stone"
ʻOiai e noho ana i nā kuahiwi Ural, hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i nā manaʻo kupaianaha, e kipa i nā ana like ʻole, ʻau i loko o ka wai loko, ʻike i nā manaʻo adrenaline e iho ana i ke kahawai o nā muliwai e ʻā ana. He maʻalahi ia e hele a puni ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe - e nā kaʻa pilikino, nā kaʻa ʻōhua a i ʻole ka wāwae.
He ʻano like ʻole ka holoholona o ka "Belt Pohaku". I nā wahi e ulu ai nā kumu lāʻau spruce, hōʻike ʻia ia e nā protein i hānai i nā ʻanoʻano o nā lāʻau coniferous. Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hānai nā holoholona ʻulaʻula i nā lako i hoʻomākaukau kūʻokoʻa ʻia (mushroom, pine nuts). Loaʻa ʻo Martens i ka nui ma nā ulu lāʻau. Noho kēia mau mea hōkai ma kahi kokoke me nā squirrels a ʻimi ʻimi mau iā lākou.
Paipai mākou e nānā i nā mauna ʻo Altai.
ʻO nā kualono o nā mauna Ural ka waiwai i nā huluhulu. ʻAʻole like me ko lākou poʻe Siberian pouli, ʻulaʻula ke kala o nā sabela o ka Ural. Kapu ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kēia mau holoholona e ke kānāwai, ka mea i ʻae iā lākou e hoʻohua manuahi i nā ulu mauna. I nā mauna Ural, ua lawa ka hakahaka no nā ʻīlio hihiu, ʻelima, a me nā bea e noho ai. He wahi punahele ka nahele nahele nahele no ka dia. Noho ʻia nā pāpū e nā ʻalopeke a me nā hare.
Hūnā nā kuahiwi Ural i nā minelala like ʻole i ka hohonu. Hoʻopiha ʻia nā puʻu me asbestos, platinum, nā waihona gula. Aia kekahi waiho o nā gems, ke gula a me ka malachite.
Ke ʻano aniau
Uhi ka hapa nui o ka ʻōnaehana kuahiwi Ural i kahi ʻāpana wela. Inā ʻoe i ke kau kau e neʻe ma ke anapuni o nā kuahiwi mai ka ʻākau a i ka hema, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hōʻailona wela. I ke kauwela, lele ka mahana i + 10-12 kekelē ma ka ʻākau a +20 ma ka hema. I ke kau hoʻoilo, loaʻa i nā mea kuhikuhi wela ke hoʻohālikelike haʻahaʻa. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Ianuali, hōʻike nā thermometers ʻākau e pili ana i -20 ° C, ma ka hema - mai -16 a i -18 kekelē.
ʻO ke aniau o nā Ural e pili pili loa i nā ʻenekini e hōʻea ana mai ka Moana ʻAkelanika. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ua (a i 800 mm i ka makahiki) komo i nā pali komohana. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina, hoʻemi ʻia ia mau hōʻailona i 400-500 mm. I ka hoʻoilo, aia kēia ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana mauna ma lalo o ka mana o kahi anticyclone e hele mai ana mai Siberia. I ka hema, i ke kau a me ka hoʻoilo, pono ʻoe e helu i ke anuanu a me ke anuanu.
ʻO nā fluctuations maʻamau o ke aniau kūloko ma muli o ka hoʻomaha mauna. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka wā, a ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā ʻōuli o ke ana wela ma nā ʻāpana like o nā pali.
Hōʻike o nā wahi kūloko
Hiki i nā Ural Mountains ke haʻaheo i nā mea hoihoi he nui:
- Pāka "Deer Streams".
- E mālama iā "Rezhevskaya".
- Ana Kungur.
- Aia kahi wai puna hau ma ka pā Zyuratkul.
- "Nā wahi Bazhovsky".
Pāka "Deer Streams" Aia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Nizhnie Sergi. E hoihoi nā poʻe o ka mōʻaukala kahiko i ka Pisanitsa pōhaku kūloko, i kiko ʻia me nā kaha kiʻi e nā mea pena kiʻi kahiko. ʻO nā pūnaewele koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe i kēia pāka nā ana a me ka Great Gap. Maʻaneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke hele wāwae ma nā ala kūikawā, e kipa aku i nā papa nānā, e hele aʻe i kahi i makemake ʻia e ke kaʻa uila.
E mālama iā "Rezhevskoy" ʻumeʻume i nā mea hoʻopili āpau o nā gems. Aia i loko o kēia wahi pale nā waihona o nā pōhaku makamae a me nā pōhaku makamae. Pāpā ʻia ka hele wāwae ʻana ma aneʻi ma kāu iho - hiki iā ʻoe ke noho ma ka ʻāina o kahi mālama ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana o nā limahana.
ʻO ka mokuna o kahi mālama e hele ʻia e ka muliwai Rezh. Ma kona kapa akau ka pōhaku Shaitan. Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā Uralians he hana kupua ia, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia like ʻole. ʻO ia ke kumu e hele mau ai ka poʻe i ka pōhaku, e makemake ana e hoʻokō i kā lākou mau moemoeā.
Lōʻihi Ke Ana ʻo Kungur Ice - ma kahi o 6 mau kilomita, kahi e hiki ai i nā mākaʻikaʻi ke kipa aku i ka hapahā wale nō. I loko o laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā loko he nui, grottoes, stalactites a me stalagmites. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hopena ʻike, aia kahi hiʻohiona kūikawā ma aneʻi. ʻAi ʻia ke ana i kona inoa i ka mahana subzero mau. No ka leʻaleʻa i ka nani kūloko, pono ʻoe i nā lole hoʻoilo me ʻoe.
Punawai hau mai ka pāka aupuni "Zyuratkul", pālahalaha ʻia ma kahi o Satka, Chelyabinsk wahi, i ala aʻe ma muli o ke ʻano o kahi luawai geological. He mea kūpono ke nānā wale aku iā ia i ka hoʻoilo. I ke anilā hau, hau a paʻa kēia punawai lalo honua i ke ʻano o ka icicle he 14 mika.
Pāka "Bazhovskie mesto" hui pū me ka mea kaulana a aloha ʻia e nā puke he nui "Malachite Box". Ua hana kēia wahi i nā kūlana piha no nā mea hoʻomaha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i kahi hele wāwae pīhoihoi i ka wāwae, ma ke kaʻa paikikala, a i ʻole ma ka lio, ʻoiai e mahalo ana i nā hiʻohiʻona nani.
Hiki i kēlā me kēia ke hoʻomaʻalili ma aneʻi i ka loko wai a piʻi i ka puʻu pōhaku Markov. I ke kau kau, hele mai nā mea aloha nui he nui iā "Bazhovskie mesto" i ka iho ʻana ma nā kahawai kuahiwi. I ka hoʻoilo, e hiki i ka pāka ke ʻike e like me ka nui o adrenaline ʻoiai e holo ana i kahi kaʻa hau.
Nā kikowaena ma nā Urals
Ua hana ʻia nā kūlana kūpono āpau no ka poʻe kipa i nā Ural Mountains. Aia nā kikowaena leʻaleʻa ma nā wahi mamao loa mai ka nohona walaʻau, ma nā kihi mālie o ke ʻano pristine, pinepine ma ke kahakai o nā loko kūloko. Aia i kāu makemake pilikino, hiki iā ʻoe ke noho ma aneʻi i nā hale hoʻolālā o kēia wā a i ʻole nā hale kahiko. I kēlā me kēia hihia, e ʻike ka poʻe huakaʻi i ka hōʻoluʻolu a me ka polite, nā limahana mālama.
Hāʻawi nā kumu i ka hoʻolimalima o nā skis cross-country a me nā downhill, nā kayak, nā tubing, nā kaʻa kaʻa hau me kahi kalaiwa ʻike. Ma ka panalāʻau o kahi o ka malihini aia he mau wahi barbecue kuʻuna, kahi ʻauʻau Lūkini me nā pila pila, nā hale pāʻani a nā keiki a me nā kahua pāʻani. Ma ia mau wahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia e poina e pili ana i ka pīhoihoi o ke kūlanakauhale, a hoʻomaha piha iā ʻoe iho a me ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa, e hana nei i kahi kiʻi hoʻomanaʻo poina ʻole.
