Ma ka palapala ʻāina mea kanu o ʻApelika, ʻo ka hapahā o ka ʻāina ma ka ʻākau ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula weliweli, e hōʻike ana i ka lau nahele liʻiliʻi. Kaha ʻia ka wahi liʻiliʻi a puni me kahi poni pale i hoʻohiki ʻole i kahi haunaele flora. I ka manawa like, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka pae ʻāina, ma ka latitu like, aia nō he ākea o nā kahakai. No ke aha ke kolu o ʻApelika e noho ʻia e kahi wao nahele hoʻonui mau?
ʻO ka nīnau no ke aha a i ka manawa hea i kū ai ka Sahara ʻaʻole maopopo. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka hele ʻana o nā muliwai i lalo o ka wai i kahi wai nui. Hana hewa nā ʻepekema i ka loli, a me ka hana a ke kanaka, a me ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau kumu.
Me he mea hoihoi paha ʻo Sahara. Wahi a lākou, aloha pū kekahi i ka nani austere o kēia symphony o nā pōhaku, ke one a me nā ʻaila ʻaʻano ʻole. Akā, manaʻo wau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoihoi i ka wao nahele nui loa o ka Honua a mahalo i kona nani, ma kekahi wahi, e like me kā ka mea haku mele i kākau ai, ma waena o nā birch o ka Middle Lane.
1. ʻO ka panalāʻau o Sahara, i koho ʻia i kēia manawa ma 8 - 9 miliona km2, ke hoʻonui mau nei. I ka manawa e pau ai kāu heluhelu ʻana i kēia kumuwaiwai, e neʻe ka palena hema o ka wao akua ma kahi o 20 mau kenimika, a e hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka Sahara ma kahi o 1,000 km.2... Ua emi iki kēia ma mua o ka wahi o Moscow ma loko o nā palena hou.
2. I kēia lā i ka Sahara ʻaʻohe kāmelo hihiu hoʻokahi. ʻO nā kānaka mālama home wale nō i ola, mai nā holoholona i hoʻohuli ʻia e nā kānaka ma nā ʻāina ʻAlapia - lawe mai nā ʻAlapia i nā kāmelo ma aneʻi. I ka hapa nui o ka Sahara, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi helu nui o nā kāmelo no ka hānau hou ʻana i ka nāhelehele.
3. ʻIno loa ka holoholona o ka Sahara. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, hoʻopili ʻia ia, e like me nā koho like ʻole, mai 50 a 100 mau ʻano mammal a hiki i ka 300 ʻano manu. Eia nō naʻe, kokoke i ka make ʻana o nā laha he nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hānai manu. ʻO ka biomass o nā holoholona he mau kilokika ma ka hectare, a ma nā wahi he nui ma lalo o 2 kg / ha.
4. Kuhi pinepine ʻia ka Sahara ma ke ʻano he huaʻōlelo Arabia "kai o ke one" a i ʻole "kai wai ʻole" ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona one one me nā nalu i ke ʻano o nā puʻu. ʻO kēia kiʻi o ka wao nahele nui o ka honua nei he hapa wale nō ia. Kuhi nā wahi one ma kahi o ka hapahā o ka nui o nā wahi o ka Sahara. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā panalāʻau he papa pōhaku a i ʻole pālolo ola ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, noʻonoʻo ka poʻe kamaʻāina kūloko i ka wao one ʻoi aku ka hewa liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā wahi pōhaku, i kapa ʻia ʻo "hamada" - "pā" - paʻakikī loa e lanakila. ʻO nā pōhaku ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻiliʻili, i hoʻopuehu ʻia i kahi ʻano chaotic i kekahi mau papa, he ʻenemi make ia o nā poʻe ʻelua e neʻe ana i nā wāwae a me nā kāmelo. Aia nā mauna ma ka Sahara. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe loa o lākou, ʻo Amy-Kusi, he 3,145 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe. Aia kēia lua pele ua pau i ka Repubalika o Chad.
Pōhaku wao akua
5. ʻO ka Europa mua i ʻike e hele i ka Sahara mai ka hema a ke kūkulu ʻākau ʻo Rene Caye. Ua ʻike ʻia ua kipa aku ko ʻEulopa iā ʻApelika ʻĀkau ma mua, i nā kenekulia 15 - 16th, akā ʻo ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e Anselm dʻIsgier a i ʻole ʻo Antonio Malfante he kakaikahi paha a kūʻē paha. Ua noho lōʻihi ka Palani ma nā ʻāina hema o ka Sahara, e kū ana ma ke ʻano he ʻAigupita i hopu ʻia e ka poʻe Farani. I ka makahiki 1827, ua haʻalele ʻo Kaye me kahi kalepa kālepa i ka muliwai ʻo Nigera. ʻO kāna makemake i makemake nui ʻia e ʻike i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Timbuktu. Wahi a Kaye, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kūlanakauhale waiwai a nani loa ma ka Honua. Ma ke ala, ua maʻi ka Palani me ke kuni, hoʻololi i ka huakaʻi, a ma ʻApelila 1828 i hiki i Timbuktu. Ma mua ona e kū mai kahi kauhale lepo, nona nā keʻena adobe, kahi o ia mau wahi mai kahi āna i hōʻea mai ai. ʻOiai ke kali nei no ka huakaʻi hoʻi, ua aʻo ʻo Kaye i kekahi mau makahiki ma mua, ua kipa aku kekahi kanaka Pelekane iā Timbuktu, e kū ana ma ke ʻano he ʻArabia. Ua hōʻike ʻia a pepehi ʻia ʻo ia. Ua koi ʻia ka Palani e hui pū me ka hale kaʻa kāmelo ma ka ʻākau i Rabat. No laila, me ka makemake ʻole, ua lilo ʻo Rene Kaye i paionia. Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa iā ia kāna 10,000 francs mai ka Paris Geographic Society a me ke Kauoha o ka Legion of Honor. Ua lilo ʻo Kaye i burgomaster i kona ʻāina hānau.
ʻO Rene Kaye. ʻIke ʻia ke kola o ka Legion of Honor ma ka ʻaoʻao hema
6. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale Algerian ʻo Tamanrasset, aia ma loko o ka Sahara, e ʻeha mau ana i nā kahe pinepine. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka honua, nā kamaʻāina noho ma kahi e noho ana ma kahi o 2,000 km mai ke kahakai kai kokoke loa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe he 1,320 m ka hope loa e makaʻu i nā kahawai. ʻO Tamanrasset i 1922 (ʻo ia ka Papu Papu Laperrin) ua aneane holoi ʻia e kahi nalu ikaika. ʻO nā hale āpau ma ia wahi he adobe, no laila e kahakaha koke kahi kahawai wai ʻoi aku a liʻiliʻi paha iā lākou. A laila ua make nā kānaka 22. Me he mea lā ua helu wale ʻia nā poʻe Farani make e ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou papa inoa. Ua koi ʻia nā kaiāulu like e like me nā ola ma 1957 a me 1958 ma Libya a me Algeria. Ua ola ʻo Tamanrasset i ʻelua mau kahawai me nā mea make kanaka i hala i ke kenekulia XXI. Ma hope o nā noiʻi radar ukali, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahe kahi kahe o ka muliwai i kahe ma mua ma lalo o ke kūlanakauhale o kēia manawa, a me nā mea lawelawe, hana i kahi ʻōnaehana lālā.
Tamanrasset
7. Manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻomaka ka wao nahele ma ke kahua o ka Sahara ma kahi o ka 4 millennium BC. e a hele lohi, ma kahi o kekahi mau millennia, pālahalaha aku i ka holoʻokoʻa o ʻApelika ʻĀkau. Eia nō naʻe, ke kū ʻana o nā palapala ʻāina medieval, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ka panalāʻau o Sahara ma ke ʻano he ʻāina ulu piha me nā kahawai a me nā kūlanakauhale, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole i hiki mai ka pōʻino ma mua loa a me ka wikiwiki loa. Mai hoʻohui i ka hilinaʻi i ka mana mana a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e like me kēlā poʻe nomad, i mea e hohonu ai i ʻApelika, e kua i nā ululāʻau, e luku ʻōnaehana ana i nā mea kanu. I Indonesia i kēia manawa a me Brazil, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ululāʻau ma kahi pālākiō ʻoihana e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana hou, akā, ʻoiai, he mea hiki ʻole paha ia i kahi pōpilikia kaiapuni. Akā pehea ka nui o ka nahele e hiki ai i kekahi poʻe nomad ke ʻoki? A i ka hiki mua ʻana o ka poʻe ʻEulopa i ke kapakai hema o Lake Chad i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua lohe lākou i nā moʻolelo o ka poʻe kahiko e pili ana i ka hana a ko lākou kupuna kāne i ka powa kai ma nā moku ma ka loko. I kēia manawa ʻo ka hohonu o Lake Chad i ka hapa nui o kāna aniani ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika.
Palapala ʻāina ʻo 1500
8. I ke au waena, ʻo ke ala kaʻahele meridional mai ke kūkulu hema a ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka Sahara ʻo ia paha kekahi o nā ala kalepa ʻoi loa o ka honua. ʻO Rene Kaye Timbuktu ka mea hoʻohoka like ʻole ke kikowaena o ke kālepa i ka paʻakai, i lawe ʻia mai ka ʻākau, a me ke gula, i lawe ʻia mai ka hema. ʻOiai, ke lilo ka mokuʻāina i nā ʻāina e pili ana i nā ala kaʻa kaʻa i ikaika, ua makemake nā luna kūloko e kaohi i ke ala paʻakai gula. ʻO ka hopena, ua panakalupa nā mea āpau, a ua lilo ke ala mai ka hikina a ke komohana i ala nui. Ma luna ona, ua kipaku ka Tuaregs i mau kaukani kauā i ke kapakai ʻAkelanika e hoʻouna ʻia i ʻAmelika.
Palapala ʻāina ʻo Caravan
9. ʻIke ʻo 1967 i ka heihei Sahara mua ma nā kahakai kahakai. Ua hele wāwae nā poʻe ʻaleʻale mai nā ʻāina ʻeono mai ke kūlanakauhale Algeria o Bechar a i ke kapikala o Mauritania, Nouakchott, ma nā moku he 12. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā kūlana heihei, ua hala ka hapalua o ka hoʻololi. ʻO ka mea nāna i hoʻonohonoho ka heihei, ʻo Colonel Du Boucher, ma hope o kekahi mau haki, nā ulia pōpilikia a me nā ʻeha, ua ʻōlelo kūpono e holo pū nā mea komo i ka laina hoʻopau i mea e hōʻemi ai i nā pilikia. ʻAe ka poʻe holo, akā ʻaʻole i maʻalahi. Ma nā moku peʻa, e haki mau ana nā pākū, ʻaʻohe nui o nā haki. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hōʻoia ʻo Du Boucher i kahi hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi loa. Ua hele pū nā moku peʻa me kahi ukali kaʻa kaʻa ʻē me ke kai, ka wai a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe; ua nānā ʻia ka huakaʻi mai ka lewa. Ua neʻe ka vanguard i nā wahi o ka noho pō, hoʻomākaukau i nā mea āpau no kahi noho pō. A ʻo ka pau ʻana o ka heihei (a i ʻole ka holoholo paha?) Ma Nouakchott kahi lanakila maoli. Ua hoʻokipa ʻia nā moku o kēia wao nahele me ka hanohano e nā lehulehu he mau kaukani.
10. Mai ka makahiki 1978 a hiki i ka makahiki 2009 i Kēkēmapa - Ianuali ua kani nā ʻenekini o nā kaʻa he nui a me nā mokokaikala i ka Sahara - ua mālama ʻia ka hui nui nui o ka honua ʻo “Paris-Dakar”. ʻO ka heihei ka waiwai nui hanohano no ka hoʻokele kaʻa, kaʻa a me nā kalaiwa. I ka 2008, ma muli o nā hoʻoweliweli hoʻoweliweli ma Mauritania, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka heihei, a mai ka 2009 ua mālama ʻia ia ma kahi ʻē. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hele i hea ka halulu o nā ʻenekini mai ka Sahara - holo ʻo ka Africa Eco Race ma ke ala o ka heihei kahiko i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā mea lanakila, a laila i ka papa o nā kalaka ka Lūkini KAMAZ Lūkia nā punahele invariable. Ua lanakila ko lākou kalaiwa i ka helu heihei holoʻokoʻa he 16 mau manawa - like ka helu like me nā ʻelele o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe āpau.
11. He nui nā māla aila a me nā māhuna i loaʻa i ka Sahara. Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka palapala politika o kēia ʻāina, e ʻike ʻoe i ka holo ʻana o ka hapanui o nā palena mokuʻāina i kahi laina pololei, a ma nā meridiana paha, a i ʻole "mai ke kiko A a hiki i ke kiko B". ʻO ka palena wale nō ma waena o Algeria a me Libya e kū nei no kona haki. Ma laila nō ia i hele aʻe ma ka meridian, a ʻo ka poʻe Palani, ka poʻe i loaʻa ka aila, wili ʻo ia. ʻOi aku ka pololei, he Farani. ʻO Konrad Kilian kona inoa. ʻO kahi mea hoʻolaha ma ke ʻano, ua hala ʻo Kilian i mau makahiki i ka Sahara. Ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i nā waiwai o nā mokuʻāina nalowale. Ma ka liʻuliʻu, ua maʻa ʻo ia i ka poʻe kamaʻāina ua ʻae ʻo ia e lilo i alakaʻi no lākou i ke kaua kūʻē ʻana i nā Italia i loaʻa iā Libya. Ua hana ʻo ia i kona wahi noho Tummo oasis, aia ma ka palena o Libia. Ua ʻike ʻo Kilian aia kekahi kānāwai hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻole ʻia, e like me ka ʻōlelo a kēlā me kēia kanaka Palani i mākaʻikaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻike ʻole ʻia e kona pilikia ponoʻī a lilo i ʻelele nui o kona mokuʻāina. E pili ana i kēia, a ma kahi kokoke i ka oasis, ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā hōʻailona he nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka aila, ua kākau ʻo Kilian iā Palisa. ʻO ka makahiki 1936 ia, ʻaʻohe manawa no nā ʻelele nui plenipotentiary ma kahi ma waena o ka Sahara. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua ʻelua, ua hāʻule nā leka i ka lima o nā kālaihonua. Ua loaʻa ka aila, a ua laki ʻole ka mea nāna i ʻike iā Kilian - he mau mahina wale nō ma mua o ka punawai mua o "gula ʻeleʻele" ua hana ʻo ia i ka make i loko o kahi hōkele liʻiliʻi e ke kau ʻana iā ia iho me nā veins i wehe mua ʻia.
ʻO Sahara kēia
12. ʻO Palani ka mea pāʻani kolone nui o ʻEulopa ma Sahara no nā makahiki he nui. Me he mea lā ʻo nā hoʻokūkū pau ʻole me nā ʻohana nomadic ka mea e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i nā hana koa. I ka wā o ka lanakila o nā ʻohana Berber a me Tuareg, hana mau ka poʻe Farani me he ʻelepani makapō lā i piʻi i loko o kahi hale kūʻai china. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka makahiki 1899, ua noi aku ke kanaka hulihonua ʻo Georges Flamand i ke aupuni kolone no ka ʻae e noiʻi i ka shale a me ka pōhaku ma nā wahi ʻo Tuareg. Ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻae ma ke ʻano e lawe i ke kiaʻi. I ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe Tuaregs i kēia kiaʻi, lālau koke lākou i nā mea kaua. Ua kāhea koke ka Palani i nā hoʻoikaika i ka hana ma hope o ke dune kokoke loa, luku ʻia ka Tuaregs a pio ka Ain Salah oasis. Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano hoʻohālikelike o nā hana i ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope. No ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻaila o Tuatha, ua ʻākoakoa nā Palani he mau tausani mau kānaka a me nā kāmela he ʻumi tausani. Lawe ka huakaʻi me lākou i nā mea āpau a lākou e makemake ai. Ua hoʻouka kaua ʻia nā oases me ke kūʻē ʻole, ma ke kumukūʻai he tausani mau pōpilikia a me ka hapalua o nā kāmelo, nona nā iwi e ʻōpala ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke ala. ʻO ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā ʻohana Sahara, kahi e hoʻokani nui ai nā kāmelo, ua hoʻohiehie ʻia, e like me nā manaʻolana āpau no kahi noho maluhia me ka Tuareg.
13. ʻO ka Sahara kahi home o ʻekolu mau ʻohana nomadic. Noho ʻo Semi-nomads ma nā wahi o ka ʻāina momona ma nā palena o ka wao akua a komo i ka hānai hānai i nā manawa kaʻawale mai nā hana mahiʻai. Hoʻohui ʻia nā hui ʻē aʻe ʻelua e ka inoa o nā nomad paʻa loa. Hele kekahi o lākou ma nā ala i waiho ʻia i mau kenekulia me ka loli o nā kau. Hoʻololi nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka holo ʻana o nā kāmelo ma muli o kahi i hala ai ka ua.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻauana ma nā ʻano like ʻole
14. ʻO nā kūlana kūlohelohe paʻakikī e hana ka poʻe noho o Sahara, ʻoiai ma nā oasis, e hana me ko lākou ikaika hope loa a hōʻike i ke akamai i ka hakakā me ka wao akua. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka Sufa oasis, ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea kūkulu hale, koe wale no ka gypsum, kūkulu ʻia nā hale liʻiliʻi loa - ʻaʻole hiki i kahi kaupaku gypsum nui ke kū i kona kaumaha ponoʻī. Ua ulu nā lāʻau pāma i kēia oasis i nā lua pele 5 - 6 mau mika ka hohonu. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona kālaihonua, ʻaʻole hiki ke hāpai i ka wai i ka luawai a hiki i ka pae honua, no laila ua puni ka Sufa oasis e nā kaukahu pele he mau kaukani. Hāʻawi ʻia ka poʻe kamaʻāina me nā hana Sisyphean i kēlā me kēia lā - pono e hoʻokuʻu i nā leʻaleʻa mai ke one, e hoʻopili mau ʻia e ka makani.
15. Holo ka Trans-Sahara Railway ma luna o Sahara mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau. Hōʻike ka inoa kani i ka 4,500 kilomita o ke ala o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka maikaʻi, e hele ana mai ke kapikala ʻo Algeria a i ke kapikala o Nigeria, Lagos. Kūkulu ʻia ia i ka makahiki 1960 - 1970, a mai ia manawa ua pākuʻi ʻia wale ia, ʻaʻohe mea hou i lawe ʻia mai. Ma nā panalāʻau o Niger (ʻoi aku ma mua o 400 km), ua haki loa ke ala. Akā ʻaʻole ka uhi nui i ka uhi ʻana. ʻAno ʻilihuna ka ʻike maka ma ke Alanui Alanui Trans-Saharan. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokele i ka lā ma muli o ka lā makapō a me ka wela, a i ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka e keʻakeʻa ai ka ʻole o ka mālamalama - ʻaʻohe kukui i ke ala nui. Eia hou, hana pinepine ʻia nā ʻino one, kahi e paipai ai ka poʻe ʻike e neʻe i kahi ala hou aku. ʻAʻole manaʻo nā mea hoʻokele kūloko i nā ʻino i ka lepo ma ke kumu e kū, a hiki maʻalahi ke wāwahi i kahi kaʻa kū. He mea maopopo ʻaʻole e hiki koke mai ke kōkua, e hoʻokuʻi haʻahaʻa.
Māhele o ke Alanui Alanui Trans-Sahara
16. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ma kahi o hoʻokahi kaukani poʻe e manawaleʻa nei e hele i ka Sahara e holo ai. Mālama ʻia ka Desert Marathon ma Morocco no ʻeono mau lā i ʻApelila. I loko o kēia mau lā, holo ka poʻe komo ma kahi o 250 mau kilomita. ʻOi aku nā kūlana ma mua o Spartan: halihali nā mea komo i nā pono āpau a me nā meaʻai no ka wā o ka heihei. Hāʻawi nā mea hoʻonohonoho iā lākou i 12 mau lita o ka wai wale nō i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka manawa like, kaohi paʻa ʻia ka loaʻa o kahi pono hoʻopakele: he launcher rocket, a compass, etc. Ma loko o ka mōʻaukala 30 mau makahiki o ka marathon, ua lanakila mau ʻia e nā ʻelele o Rūsia: Andrei Derksen (3 manawa), Irina Petrova, Valentina Lyakhova a me Natalya Sedykh.
Desert Marathon
17. I ka makahiki 1994, ua komo ka mea komo o ka "Desert Marathon" ʻItalia Mauro Prosperi i loko o kahi ʻino. Me ka paʻakikī ua loaʻa ʻo ia iā ia iho he pōhaku no ka puʻuhonua. I ka wā i make ai ka ʻino ma hope o 8 mau hola, ua hoʻololi loa ke kaiapuni. ʻAʻole hiki iā Prosperi ke hoʻomanaʻo i kahi i hele mai ai ʻo ia. Hele ʻo ia, alakaʻi ʻia e ke panana, a hiki i kona ʻike ʻana i kahi hale. He mau opeapea ma laila. Ua kōkua lākou i ka Italia e kū i waho no kekahi manawa. ʻElua mau manawa i lele ai kahi mokulele hoʻopakele, akā ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ka lapalapa ahi a i ʻole ke ahi. I ka hopohopo, ua wehe ʻo Prosperi i kona mau uaua, akā ʻaʻole i kahe ke koko - ua mānoanoa ia mai ka make wai ʻana. Ua ukali hou ʻo ia i ke panana, a ma hope iho ua ʻikea kahi oasis liʻiliʻi. I kekahi lā ma hope mai, ua laki hou ʻo Prosperi - ua hele ʻo ia i kahi hoʻomoana ʻo Tuareg. Ua hele aku ʻo ia i ke ala kūpono ʻole ma mua o 300 mau kilomita a hele mai mai Morocco a hiki i Algeria. Lawe ʻia ka Italia i ʻelua mau makahiki e hōʻola i nā hopena o kahi auwana he 10 mau lā i ka Sahara.
Ua holo ʻo Mauro Prosperi i ka Desert Marathon ʻekolu mau manawa hou
18. Ua manaʻo mau ʻia ka Sahara kekahi o nā wahi weliweli loa no ka poʻe huakaʻi. Pau nā lona a me nā huakaʻi holoʻokoʻa i ka wao akua. Akā i ke kenekulia 21, ua lilo ka hanana i catastrophic maʻalahi. ʻO ke ala kuʻi ʻia i ʻEulopa ke lilo i hope loa no nā mea mahuka he nui mai nā ʻāina ʻApelika Waena. ʻO nā kūlana me nā hanana make he nui. Lawe ʻia nā kānaka he nui e nā kaʻa ʻelua a i ʻole nā kalaka. Ma kahi ma ka waena o ka wao akua, ua haki kekahi o nā kaʻa. ʻO nā kalaiwa ʻelua i ke kaʻa e ola nei e hele no nā ʻāpana kala a nalowale. Kali nā poʻe no kekahi mau lā, e lilo ana ka ikaika i ka wela. Ke hoʻāʻo lākou e kiʻi i ke kōkua ma ka wāwae, he kakaikahi ka lawa o ka ikaika e hiki ai i laila. A, ʻoiai, ʻo nā wahine a me nā keiki ka make mua.
umikumaiwa.Ma ka hikina hikina o ka Sahara, ma Mauritania, ʻo Rishat - kahi ʻano kālaihonua, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Maka o ka Sahara". ʻO kēia kekahi mau apo concentric mau me ke anawaena ʻoi loa o 50 km. ʻO ka nui o ka mea i hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia mai kahi ākea. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu o Rishat, ʻoiai ua loaʻa i ka ʻepekema kahi wehewehe - ʻo kēia ka hana o ka ʻaʻai ʻana i ke kaʻina hana e hāpai ai i ka ʻāpana honua. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻopilikia ai i kahi mea kū hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia hana. Aia kekahi kuhiakau ʻē aʻe. He ākea ka laulā: kahi hopena meteorite, hana luaipele a ʻo Atlantis paha - manaʻo ʻia, aia ma aneʻi.
Richat mai kahi ākea
20. Ua mālama mau ka nui a me ke aniau o ka Sahara ma ke ʻano he kumu no nā papahana ʻoihana ikehu. ʻO nā poʻomanaʻo e like me "N% o ka Sahara hiki ke hāʻawi i ka uila i ka honua holoʻokoʻa" ʻike ʻia i loko o nā kaomi koʻikoʻi me ka maʻamau lili. Wahi a ka ʻāina, wao mau nō lākou, nui ka lā, ʻaʻole lawa ka uhi uhi ao. Kūkulu iā ʻoe iho i nā meakanu uila o photovoltaic a i ʻole ʻano pumehana, a loaʻa uila uila. ʻEkolu mau hopohopo i hana ʻia (a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia), ua mākaukau e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā papahana i loaʻa he mau piliona kālā, a aia mau nā mea ma laila. Hoʻokahi wale nō pane - ka pilikia hoʻokele waiwai. Makemake kēia mau hopohopo āpau i nā kōkua aupuni, a ʻo nā aupuni o nā ʻāina waiwai he kālā liʻiliʻi i kēia manawa. ʻO kahi laʻana, pili ka Desertec hopohopo i nā pilikua mākeke ikehu āpau o ka honua. Ua helu lākou he $ 400 biliona e hoʻopau ai i 15% o ka mākeke ʻEulopa. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā hanauna pumehana a me nā hana nukelea, ke hoʻowalewale nei kēia papahana. Akā ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka EU a me nā aupuni i nā hōʻoia hōʻaiʻē. Ua hōʻea ka Arab Spring, a ua kū ka papahana no kēia kumu. ʻIke loa, ʻoiai kokoke i nā kūlana kūpono o ka Sahara, pono ʻole ka ikehu lā me ka ʻole o nā kākoʻo kālā.
