Francis Lukich Skaryna - East Slavic mīkini paʻi mua, akeakamai kanaka, mea kākau, mea kālai, mea kālepa a me kauka ʻepekema. Unuhi o nā puke Baibala i ka mana Belarusian o ka ʻōlelo Slavonic Church. I Belarus, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā kiʻi mōʻaukala nui loa.
I ka moʻolelo pilikino o Francysk Skaryna, nui nā mea hoihoi i lawe ʻia mai kona ola ʻepekema.
No laila, ma mua ou he moʻolelo pōkole o Francysk Skaryna.
Kawaihae o Francysk Skaryna
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Francis Skaryna i ka makahiki 1490 ma ke kūlanakauhale o Polotsk, aia ia manawa ma ka ʻāina o ka Grand Duchy o Lituania.
Ua ulu ʻo Francis a hānai ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana kālepa ʻo Lucian a me kāna wahine ʻo Margaret.
Ua loaʻa iā Skaryna kāna aʻo mua ma Polotsk. I loko o kēlā manawa, ua hele ʻo ia i ke kula o nā mōneka ʻo Bernardine, kahi i hiki ai iā ia ke aʻo i ka Lākina.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻomau ʻo Francis i kāna mau aʻo ʻana ma ke Kula Nui ʻo Krakow. Ma laila ʻo ia i aʻo nui ai i 7 mau hana manuahi, e komo pū ana me ka akeakamai, jurisprudence, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hoʻomana haipule.
Ma hope o ke kēkelē ʻana mai ke kula me ke kēkelē laepua, ua noi ʻo Francis no ka doctorate ma ke Kulanui ʻIkalia o Padua. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hiki i ka haumāna kālena ke hele me ke akamai i nā hōʻike āpau a lilo i kauka o ka ʻepekema ʻepekema.
Nā puke
ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe mōʻaukala ke ʻōlelo ʻoiaʻiʻo i nā hanana i hana ʻia i ka moʻolelo pilikino o Francysk Skaryna i ka manawa 1512-1517.
Mai nā palapala i koe, ua akāka i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ka lāʻau a ua hoihoi i ka paʻi puke.
I ka noho ʻana ma Prague, ua wehe ʻo Skaryna i kahi pā paʻi a hoʻomaka i ka unuhi ikaika ʻana i nā puke mai ka ʻōlelo a ka Ekalesia a i ka East Slavic. Ua unuhi kūleʻa ʻo ia i nā puke Baibala he 23, e laʻa me ka Puʻupuʻu, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka puke pai paʻi Belarusian mua loa.
No kēlā manawa, waiwai nui nā puke i paʻi ʻia e Francysk Skaryna.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka mea kākau i kākoʻo i kāna mau hana me ka prefaces a me nā ʻōlelo.
Ua hoʻoikaika ʻo Francis e hana i nā unuhi i hiki i ka poʻe maʻamau ke hoʻomaopopo. A ʻo kahi hopena, hiki i ka poʻe heluhelu heluhelu ʻole a heluhelu hapa paha ke hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻatikala Hemolele.
Eia hou, ua nānā nui ʻo Skaryna i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā paʻi paʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, hana ʻo ia i nā kaha kiʻi, nā monogram a me nā mea hoʻonani ʻē aʻe me kona lima iho.
No laila, ʻaʻole lilo nā hana a ka mea paʻi i mau mea lawe wale o kekahi ʻike, akā ua lilo i mau mea noʻeau.
I nā makahiki 1520 mua, ua loli ke kūlana ma ke kapikala nui ʻo Czech no ka mea ʻoi aku ka hewa, ka mea i koi aku iā Skaryna e hoʻi i ka home. Ma Belarus, ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻokumu i kahi ʻoihana paʻi, paʻi ʻana i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā moʻolelo haipule a me nā moʻolelo o ka honua - "puke huakaʻi liʻiliʻi".
I kēia hana, ua kaʻanalike aku ʻo Francis me nā mea heluhelu i nā ʻike like ʻole e pili ana i ke kūlohelohe, ka ʻike hōkū, nā hana kuʻuna, ke kalena a me nā mea hoihoi aʻe.
Ma 1525 ua paʻi ʻo Skaryna i kāna hana hope loa, "The Aposetolo", a ma hope ua hele ʻo ia i kahi huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa. Ma ke ala, i ka 1564 e paʻi ʻia kahi puke me ke poʻo inoa like ma Moscow, ʻo ka mea kākau kekahi o nā mea paʻi puke Lūkini mua i kapa ʻia ʻo ʻIvani Fedorov.
I loko o kāna holoholo ʻana, ua hālāwai ʻo Francis me ke kuhi hewa ʻole mai nā ʻelele o nā kāhuna pule. Ua lawe pio ʻia ʻo ia no nā manaʻo heretical, a ua puhi ʻia kāna mau puke a pau, i paʻi ʻia me ke kālā Katolika.
Ma hope o kēlā, ʻaʻole pili ka ʻepekema i ka paʻi puke ʻana, e hana ana ma Prague ma ka pā o ka mōʻī Ferdinand 1 ma ke ʻano he māla a kauka paha.
Philosophy a me ka hoʻomana
I kāna mau manaʻo e pili ana i nā hana haipule, ua hōʻike ʻo Skaryna iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he akeakamai-humanist, e hoʻāʻo nei e alakaʻi i nā hana aʻo.
Makemake ka mea paʻi paʻi e lilo i poʻe aʻo hou aʻe me kāna kōkua. I loko o kāna moʻomeheu, ua kāhea ʻo ia i ka poʻe e akamai i ka heluhelu.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea mōʻaukala ke ʻae i ka ʻae like e pili ana i ka pili haipule o Francis. I ka manawa like, ʻike maopopo ʻia ua kāhea pinepine ʻia ʻo ia he Czech aposetate a heretic.
Ua manaʻo kekahi mau mea kākau moʻolelo o Skaryna e hiki iā ia ke lilo i ukali o ka Western European Christian Church. Eia nō naʻe, nui nō kekahi e manaʻo i ka ʻepekema he mea pili i ka Orthodoxy.
ʻO ke kolu a me ka maopopo o ka hoʻomana i hāʻawi ʻia iā Francysk Skaryna ka Protestantism. Kākoʻo ʻia kēia ʻōlelo e nā pilina me nā mea hoʻoponopono hou, e like me Martin Luther, a me ka lawelawe pū ʻana me ke Duke o Königsberg Albrecht o Brandenburg o Ansbach.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻAneʻane ʻaʻole mālama ʻia kahi ʻike e pili ana i ke ola pilikino o Francysk Skaryna. ʻIke ʻia no ka mea ua male ʻo ia i kahi wahine kāne make a kahi mea kālepa i kapa ʻia ʻo Margarita.
I ka moʻolelo pilikino o Skaryna, aia kahi mahele maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana me kona kaikuaʻana, ka mea i waiho i nā aie nui i ka mea paʻi mua ma hope o kona make ʻana.
Ua hana kēia i 1529, i ka manawa i lilo ai kā Francis wahine a hānai i kāna keiki kāne ʻo Simeona ma kāna iho. Ma ke kauoha a ka luna Lituania, ua hopu ʻia ka wahine kāne make ʻole a ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻia i ka hale paʻahao.
Eia naʻe, mahalo i ka hana a kāna keiki hanauna, ua hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Skaryna a loaʻa kahi palapala e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i kona pale ʻana mai ka waiwai a me ka hihia.
Make
ʻO ka lā kikoʻī o ka make ʻana o ka mea aʻo i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻAe ʻae ʻia ua make ʻo Francis Skaryna ma 1551, ʻoiai ia manawa i hele kāna keiki i Prague no kahi hoʻoilina.
Ua kapa ʻia nā alanui he nui a me nā ala e hoʻomanaʻo ai i nā hana a ka akeakamai, ʻepekema, kauka a me ka mīkini paʻi ma Belarus, a he nui nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i kūkulu ʻia.
