ʻO Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck - Kelemania theoretical physicist, hoʻokumu i ka physic physics. Laureate o ka Nobel Prize in Physics (1918) a me nā makana hanohano ʻē aʻe, lālā o ka Prussian Academy of Science a me nā hui ʻepekema ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Max Planck āu i ʻike ʻole ai.
No laila, eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Max Planck.
Kawaihae o Max Planck
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Max Planck ma ka lā 23 ʻApelila 1858 ma ke kūlanakauhale Kelemānia ʻo Kiel. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i loko o kahi ʻohana no kahi ʻohana hanohano kahiko.
ʻO ko Max kupuna kāne a me kona kūpuna kāne he polopeka no ka theology, a he loio kaulana kona ʻanakala makua.
ʻO ka makuakāne o ka physicist o ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo Wilhelm Planck, he loea no ke kānāwai ma ke Kulanui o Keele. ʻO Mother, Emma Patzig, ke kaikamahine a kahi kahunapule. Ma waho o Max, he ʻehā mau keiki hou a ka wahine.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
ʻO 9 mau makahiki mua o kona ola i hala ai ʻo Max Planck i Kiel. Ma hope o kēlā, neʻe ʻo ia a me kona ʻohana i Bavaria, ʻoiai i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi hana a kona makuakāne ma ke Kulanui o Munich.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hoʻouna ʻia ke keikikāne e aʻo ma ka Maximilian Gymnasium, kahi i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻoihana aʻo hanohano loa ma Munich.
Ua loaʻa iā Planck nā māka kiʻekiʻe i nā aʻo āpau, ma ke kūlana o nā haumāna gymnasium maikaʻi loa.
I kēlā manawa, hoihoi nui kā Biograpies moʻolelo a Max i ka ʻepekema kikoʻī. Ua hoʻohauʻoli nui ʻia ʻo ia e ke kumu makemakika ʻo Hermann Müller, kahi āna i aʻo mai ai e pili ana i ke kānāwai o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.
Lawe ʻia kahi haumāna nīnau e nā kānāwai o ke kūlohelohe, philology, a loaʻa pū ka leʻaleʻa i ke mele.
Ua hīmeni ʻo Max Planck i ka papa hīmeni a nā keiki kāne a hoʻokani maikaʻi i ka piano. Eia kekahi, ua hoihoi nui ʻo ia i ke mele mele a hoʻāʻo e haku i nā hana mele.
Ma hope o ke kēkelē ʻana mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua holomua ʻo Planck i nā hōʻike ma ke Kulanui o Munich. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻomau ke kanaka ʻōpio i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mele, e pāʻani pinepine ana i ka mea hoʻokani i loko o kahi hale pule kūloko.
Ma mua o ka lōʻihi, ua lawelawe ʻo Max ma ke ʻano he choirmaster i ka papa hīmeni a nā haumāna a alakaʻi i kahi ʻōlapa liʻiliʻi.
Ma ka ʻōlelo paipai a kona makuakāne, ua aʻo ʻo Planck i ka physics theoretical, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Professor Philip von Jolly. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka ʻōlelo a Jolly i ka haumāna e haʻalele i kēia ʻepekema, ʻoiai, i kona manaʻo, ua kokoke e luhi.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻoholo paʻa ʻo Max e hoʻomaopopo pono i ke ʻano o ka physics theoretical, e pili ana i kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e hoʻopaʻa i nā hana like ʻole e pili ana i kēia kumuhana a hele i nā haʻiʻōlelo e pili ana i ka physics physics na Wilhelm von Betz.
Ma hope o ka hui ʻana me ka physicist kaulana ʻo Hermann Helmholtz, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Planck e hoʻomau i kāna aʻo ʻana ma ke Kulanui o Berlin.
I loko o kēia wā o ka moʻomanaʻo, hele ka haumāna i nā haʻi'ōlelo a ka makemakika ʻo Karl Weierstrass, a ʻimi pū kekahi i nā hana a nā polopeka Helmholtz lāua ʻo Kirgoff. Ma hope, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka hana a Claesius e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo o ka wela, ka mea i hoʻoikaika iā ia e hana nui i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā thermodynamics.
Ka ʻepekema
I ka makahiki 21, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Max Planck i ka doctorate ma hope o ka pale ʻana i kahi dissertation ma ke kānāwai ʻelua o thermodynamics. I kāna hana, ua hōʻoia ʻo ia me kahi hana e mālama ai iā ia iho, ʻaʻole e lawe ʻia ka wela mai kahi kino anuanu i kahi mehana.
Koke, paʻi ka physicist i kahi hana hou ma thermodynamics a loaʻa iā ia ke kūlana o kahi kōkua ʻōpio ma ke keʻena physics o kahi kulanui o Munich.
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, lilo ʻo Max i kumu aʻoaʻo kōkua ma ke Kulanui o Kiel a laila ma ke Kulanui o Berlin. I kēia manawa, ke ʻike nui ʻia nei kāna moʻomeheu i waena o nā ʻepekema honua.
Ma hope, ua hilinaʻi ʻia ʻo Planck i poʻo no ka Institute for Theoretical Physics. I 1892, lilo ka ʻepekema 34 makahiki i polopeka manawa piha.
Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻopaʻa hohonu ʻo Max Planck i ka radiation radiation o nā kino. Ua hiki ʻo ia i ka hopena ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomau i ka radiation electromagnetic. Kahe ia i ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia quanta, ka nui o ia mea i ka pinepine i hoʻoili ʻia.
ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa i ka physicist kahi hana no ka mahele o ka ikehu i ka laulaha o kahi kino ʻeleʻele loa.
I ka makahiki 1900, ua hana ʻo Planck i kahi hōʻike e pili ana i kāna mea i loaʻa ai a laila lilo ia i mea hoʻokumu - kumumanaʻo nui. ʻO ka hopena, ma hope o kekahi mau mahina, ma ke kumu o kāna hana, helu ʻia nā waiwai o ka paʻa Boltzmann.
Mālama ʻo Max e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻomau o Avogadro - ka helu o nā ʻoma i hoʻokahi mole. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka physicist Kelemania i ʻae iā Einstein e hoʻomohala hou i ke kumumanaʻo nui.
Ma 1918 ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Max Planck i ka Nobel Prize in Physics "i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka loaʻa o ka quanta ikehu."
Ma hope o 10 mau makahiki, ua hoʻolaha ka ʻepekema i kāna haʻalele ʻana, me ka hoʻomau ʻana e hana pū me ka Kaiser Wilhelm Society for Basic Science. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lilo ʻo ia i pelekikena.
ʻO ka hoʻomana a me ke akeakamai
Ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Planck i ka ʻuhane Lutera. Ma mua o ka ʻaina awakea, pule mau ʻo ia a laila ʻai wale nō.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia mai 1920 a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā, lawelawe ke kāne ma ke ʻano he presbyter.
Ua manaʻo ʻo Max he kuleana nui ka ʻepekema a me ka hoʻomana i ke ola o nā kānaka. Eia naʻe, ua kūʻē ʻo ia i kā lākou hoʻohui ʻana.
Ua hoʻohalahala ka ʻepekema i kekahi ʻano o ka spiritualism, astrology a me theosophy, ka mea i kēlā manawa i hauʻoli nui i ka nohona.
I kāna mau haʻi'ōlelo, ʻaʻole i haʻi ʻo Planck i ka inoa o Kristo. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokūpaʻa ke physicist ʻoiai ʻoiai ʻo ia mai kona wā ʻōpio "no ke ʻano haipule", ʻaʻole ʻo ia i manaʻoʻiʻo "i kahi pilikino, a he akua Karistiano wale nō."
Ke ola pilikino
ʻO ka wahine mua a Max ʻo Maria Merck, ka mea āna i ʻike ai mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Ma hope mai, loaʻa nā keiki kāne ʻelua o lāua - Karl lāua ʻo Erwin, a me 2 māhoe - ʻo Emma lāua ʻo Greta.
I ka makahiki 1909, ua make ka wahine aloha a Planck. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua male ke kāne iā Margarita von Hesslin, ʻo ia ke kaikamahine a ke kaikuaʻana ʻo Maria i hala.
I kēia hui ʻana, ua hānau ʻia ke keikikāne ʻo Herman e Max lāua ʻo Margarita.
I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, i loko o ka puke moʻomanaʻo o Max Planck, aia kekahi mau pōpilikia e pili pū ana me kona ʻohana pili. Ua make kāna hānau mua ʻo Karl ma waena o ke Kaua Honua Mua (1914-1918), a make nā kaikamahine ʻelua i ka hānau hānau ʻana ma waena o 1917-1919.
ʻO ka lua o kāna keikikāne mai kāna male mua ʻana i hoʻopaʻi ʻia i ka make ma 1945 no ke komo ʻana i kahi kipi kūʻē iā Hitler. A ʻoiai ua hana ka physicist kaulana i mea e hiki ai ke hoʻopakele iā Erwin, ʻaʻohe mea i loaʻa.
ʻO Planck kekahi o nā poʻe i pale aku i ka poʻe Iudaio i ka wā e noho mana ana nā Nazis. I loko o kahi hālāwai me ka Fuhrer, ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia iā ia e haʻalele i ka hoʻomāinoino ʻia o kēia poʻe.
ʻO Hitler, ma kāna ʻano maʻamau, hōʻike i ka physics i kona alo, nā mea āpau āna e noʻonoʻo ai e pili ana i nā Iudaio, a ma hope o Max ʻaʻole i hāpai hou i kēia kumuhana.
I ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, ua luku ʻia ka home o Planck i ka wā o kahi hoʻouka kaua ʻana, a ua ola kupanaha ka ʻepekema iā ia. ʻO ka hopena, ua koi ʻia nā kāne ʻelua e holo i ka nahele, kahi i hoʻomalu ʻia ai e kahi kanaka waiū.
ʻO kēia mau hanana āpau i hoʻopau i ke olakino o ke kāne. Ua ʻeha ʻo ia i ka maʻi ʻōiwi, nāna i paʻakikī iā ia e neʻe.
Mahalo i nā hana a Professor Robert Pohl, ua hoʻouna ʻia nā koa ʻAmelika no Planck a me kāna wahine a kōkua iā ia e neʻe i kahi palekana iā Göttingen.
Ma hope o ka hala ʻana he mau pule i ka haukapila, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Max e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ua hoʻomaka hou ʻo ia e hana i nā hana ʻepekema a me ka haʻi ʻōlelo ʻana.
Make
Ma mua iki o ka make ʻana o ka Nobure laureate, ua kapa ʻia ka Kaiser Wilhelm Society i kapa ʻia ʻo Max Planck Society, no kāna kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema.
I ke kauwela o 1947, ua hāʻawi ʻo Planck i kahi haʻi'ōlelo hope loa i nā haumāna, a ma hope iho ua nui a maikaʻi ʻole kona olakino i kēlā me kēia lā.
Ua make ʻo Max Planck ma ʻOkakopa 4, 1947 i ka makahiki 89. O ke kumu o kona make ana he hahau.
Na Max Planck kiʻi
