Andrey Kolmogorov

Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (nee Kataev) (1903-1987) - ʻO ka makemakika Lūkia a me Soviet, kekahi o nā makemakika nui loa o nā kenekulia 20. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻokumu i ke kumumanaʻo o ka manawa hou.

Ua mālama ʻo Kolmogorov e hoʻokō i nā hopena maikaʻi loa i ka geometry, topology, mechanics a me nā wahi o ka makemakika. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia ka mea kākau o nā hana hoʻoheheʻe honua ma ka mōʻaukala, akeakamai, ʻano hana a me ka physics physics.

I loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Andrei Kolmogorov, nui nā mea hoihoi, a mākou e haʻi aku ai iā ʻoe e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala.

No laila, ma mua ou he moʻolelo pōkole o Andrei Kolmogorov.

Kawaihae o Andrey Kolmogorov

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Andrey Kolmogorov ma ka lā 12 ʻApelila (25), 1903 ma Tambov. ʻO kona makuahine, ʻo Maria Kolmogorova, i make i ka hānau hānau.

ʻO ka makuakāne o ka makemakika o ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo Nikolai Kataev, kahi agronomist. ʻO ia kekahi o nā Social Revolutionaries kūpono, a ʻo kahi hopena ua lawe pio ʻia ʻo ia i ka moku ʻo Yaroslavl, kahi i hui ai me kāna wahine e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio

Ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuahine, ua hānai ʻia ʻo Andrei e kona mau kaikuahine. I ka wā o ke keikikāne he ʻehiku ona mau makahiki, ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia e Vera Kolmogorova, kekahi o kona ʻanakē makuahine.

Ua pepehi ʻia ko Andrei makuakāne ma 1919 i ka wā o Denikin hōʻeha. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka kaikaina o kona makuakāne, ʻo Ivan Kataev, kahi mea kākau moʻolelo kaulana i hoʻopuka i kahi puke aʻo e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala Lūkia. Ua aʻo nā kamaliʻi i ka mōʻaukala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia puke no kekahi manawa lōʻihi.

I ka 1910, ua lilo ʻo Andrey he 7 mau makahiki i haumāna no kahi hale haʻuki pilikino ma Moscow. I loko o kēlā wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hōʻike i nā mākalakala makemakika.

Ua haku ʻo Kolmogorov i nā pilikia helu helu like ʻole, a ua hōʻike pū i ka hoihoi i ka sociology a me ka mōʻaukala.

I ka makahiki 17 o Andrey, ua komo ʻo ia i ke Keʻena Makemakika o ke Kulanui o Moscow. He pīhoihoi ia i loko o kekahi mau pule ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ke kula nui, ua hala ʻo ia i nā hōʻike no ka papa holoʻokoʻa.

I ka makahiki ʻelua o ke aʻo ʻana, ua loaʻa iā Kolmogorov ka kuleana e loaʻa iā 16 kg ka berena a me 1 kg ka waiūpaka i kēlā me kēia mahina. I kēlā manawa, he mea hanohano mua ʻole kēia.

Mahalo i ka nui o ka meaʻai, ua nui ka manawa o Andrey e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ai.

Ka hana ʻepekema

I ka makahiki 1921, ua hana ʻia kekahi hanana koʻikoʻi i ka moʻolelo pilikino o Andrei Kolmogorov. Ua hiki iā ia ke hōʻole i kekahi o nā ʻōlelo a ka makemakika Soviet Nikolai Luzin, a ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka manaʻo o Cauchy.

Ma hope o kēlā, ua loaʻa ʻo Andrei i kahi ʻike i ke kahua o nā moʻo trigonometric a me ka manaʻo manaʻo wehewehe. ʻO ka hopena, ua kono ʻo Luzin i ka haumāna i Lusitania, kahi kula makemakika i hoʻokumu ʻia e Luzin iho.

I ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua kūkulu ʻo Kolmogorov i kahi laʻana o ka moʻo Fourier e ʻokoʻa ʻaneʻane ma nā wahi āpau. Ua lilo kēia hana i mea pīhoihoi maoli no ka honua ʻepekema holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hopena, ua kaulana ka inoa o ka makemakika 19 makahiki i ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua hoihoi nui ʻo Andrei Kolmogorov i ka noʻonoʻo makemakika. Ua hiki iā ia ke hōʻoia i nā ʻōlelo āpau i ʻike ʻia o ka loiloi, me kahi wehewehe ʻana, e lilo i mau ʻōlelo o ka loiloi intuitionistic.

A laila ua hoihoi ʻo Kolmogorov i ke kumumanaʻo o ka hiki, a ʻo ka hopena, ke kānāwai o nā helu nui. No nā makahiki he nui, ua pīhoihoi nā nīnau o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ke kānāwai i ka manaʻo o nā makemakika ʻoi loa o kēlā manawa.

Ma 1928 ua kūleʻa ʻo Andrey i ka wehewehe ʻana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā kūlana o ke kānāwai o nā helu he nui.

Ma hope o 2 mau makahiki, ua hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻepekema ʻepekema i Palani a me Kelemania, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia kahi manawa e hui ai me nā makemakika alakaʻi.

Ke hoʻi nei ʻo ia i kona homeland, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kolmogorov e aʻo hohonu i ka topology. Eia nō naʻe, a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā, ua nui kona hoihoi i ke kumumanaʻo o ka hiki.

I 1931, ua koho ʻia ʻo Andrei Nikolaevich i polopeka ma ke Kulanui Mokuʻāina ʻo Moscow, a i ʻehā mau makahiki ma hope mai ua lilo ʻo ia i kauka no ka ʻepekema kino a me ka makemakika.

I nā makahiki aʻe, ua hana ikaika ʻo Kolmogorov i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka Big and Small Soviet Encyclopedias. I loko o kēia wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua kākau ʻo ia i nā ʻatikala he nui e pili ana i ka makemakika, a me nā ʻatikala i hoʻoponopono ʻia e nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe.

Ma ka pō o ke Kaua Nui Patriotic (1941-1945) ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Andrei Kolmogorov i ka Stalin Prize no kāna mau hana e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo o nā helu kuʻuna.

Ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoihoi ka ʻepekema i nā pilikia o ka haunaele. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana, ua hana ʻia kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua kūikawā o ka haunaele ea ma ka Geophysical Institute.

Ma hope mai, ua paʻi ʻo Kolmogorov, a me Sergei Fomin, i ka puke puke ʻo Elemene o ka Theory of Function a me ka F analysis Analysis. Ua lilo ka puke i mea makemake nui ʻia a unuhi ʻia i nā ʻōlelo he nui.

A laila ua hāʻawi ʻo Andrei Nikolayevich i kahi kōkua nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mekanika lani, nā ʻōnaehana dinamika, ke kumumanaʻo o nā mea kūpono a me nā kumumanaʻo o nā algorithms

Ma 1954 ua hōʻike ʻo Kolmogorov i kahi hōʻike ma Netherlands e pili ana i ke kumuhana "General theory of dynamical ʻōnaehana a me nā mechanics kahiko." Ua ʻike ʻia kāna hana he hanana honua.

I ke kumumanaʻo o nā ʻōnaehana dinamika, ua hoʻomohala kahi matematika i kahi theorem e pili ana i nā tori invariant, a ma hope ua hoʻomohala ʻia e Arnold lāua ʻo Moser. No laila, ua ʻike ʻia ke kumumanaʻo Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser.

Ke ola pilikino

I ka 1942, ua male ʻo Kolmogorov i kāna hoa papa ʻo Anna Egorova. Noho pū lāua he 45 mau makahiki lōʻihi.

ʻAʻohe o kāna mau keiki ponoʻī ʻo Andrei Nikolaevich. Ua hānai ka ʻohana Kolmogorov i ke keiki a Egorova, ʻo Oleg Ivashev-Musatov. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e ukali ke keikikāne i ka wāwae o kona makuakāne a lilo i makemakika kaulana.

Manaʻo kekahi poʻe biographers o Kolmogorov he ʻano kuʻuna ʻole kāna. Ua hōʻike ʻia ua pili ʻo ia i ka moekolohe me ke kauka o ke Kulanui ʻo Moscow State ʻo Pavel Alexandrov.

Make

A hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā, ua hana ʻo Kolmogorov ma ke kula nui. I nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola, ua ʻeha ʻo ia mai ka maʻi ʻo Parkinson, ka mea i holomua i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Ua hala ʻo Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov ma ʻOkakopa 20, 1987 ma Moscow, i ka makahiki 84.