Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov (1934-2019) - Soviet pilot-cosmonaut, ke kanaka mua i ka mōʻaukala i hele i waho, ka mea pena kiʻi. ʻElua Hero o ka Soviet Union a me ka General General of Aviation. ʻO ka lālā o ka ʻAha Kūkā kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaoʻao United Russia (2002-2019).
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino o Alexei Leonov, a mākou e haʻi ai e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Alexei Leonov.
Ka moʻolelo o Alexei Leonov
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Alexey Leonov ma ka lā Mei 30, 1934 ma ke kauhale o Listvyanka (Teritori Siberian Komohana). ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo Arkhip Alekseevich, i hana mua i nā mines o Donbass, a ma hope iho ua loaʻa iā ia ka loea o ka veterinarian a me ka mea loea holoholona. Ua hana ʻo Mother, Evdokia Minaevna ma ke ʻano he kumu. ʻO Alexey ke keiki ʻewalu a kona mau mākua.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ke kamaliʻi o ka wā e hiki mai ana ʻo astronaut he hauʻoli. I kona wā he 3 mau makahiki wale nō, ua hoʻokau ʻia ka hana hoʻomāinoino a kona makuakāne a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he "ʻenemi o ka poʻe."
Ua kipaku ʻia kahi ʻohana nui mai ko lākou home ponoʻī, a ma hope ua ʻae ʻia nā hoanoho e hao i kāna waiwai. Ua lawelawe ʻo Sr. Leonov i 2 mau makahiki i kahi hoʻomoana. Ua hopu ʻia ʻo ia me ka hoʻokolokolo ʻole ʻia a me ka hoʻokolokolo ʻia no ka hakakā me ka luna o ka mahiʻai hui.
He mea pīhoihoi ia i ka wā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ʻo Arkhip Alekseevich i 1939, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ʻo ia, akā ua loaʻa ʻo ia a me nā lālā o kona ʻohana i ka nui o ka pōʻino, ma ka pono a me ka waiwai.
I ka wā o Arkhip Leonov i loko o ka hale paʻahao, noho kāna wahine a me kāna mau keiki ma Kemerovo, kahi i noho ai ko lākou ʻohana. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka 11 poʻe i noho i kahi lumi he 16 m²!
Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o kona makuakāne, ua hoʻomaka ka noho maʻalahi ʻana o nā Leonov. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻohana he 2 mau lumi hou aʻe i ka hale paʻa. Ma 1947 ua neʻe ka ʻohana i Kaliningrad, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai kahi hana hou iā Arkhip Alekseevich.
Ma laila ʻo Alexey i hoʻomau ai i kāna mau aʻo ʻana ma ke kula, a ua puka ʻo ia i 1953 - ka makahiki o ka make ʻana o Joseph Stalin. I kēlā manawa, ua hōʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he mea loea loea, a ma muli o ia mea ua hoʻolālā ʻo ia i nā nūpepa pā a me nā pelaha.
ʻOiai ke keiki kula ʻo Leonov, ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā hāmeʻa o nā ʻenekini mokulele, a ua mākaukau hoʻi i ke kumumanaʻo o ka lele. Ua loaʻa iā ia kēia ʻike mahalo i nā palapala a kona kaikuaʻana, ke aʻo nei e lilo i ʻenehana mokulele.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka palapala hōʻoia, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Alexey e lilo i haumāna ma ka Riga Academy of Arts. Eia naʻe, pono ʻo ia e haʻalele i kēia manaʻo no ka hiki ʻole i kona mau mākua ke hoʻolako i kona ola ma Riga.
Nā Cosmonautics
ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i kahi ʻike kiʻi kiʻi, ua komo ʻo Leonov i ke Kula ʻElepa Koa ma Kremenchug, a ua puka ʻo ia mai 1955 a laila ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ke Kula ʻo Pililua ʻo Chuguev no 2 mau makahiki hou, kahi i hiki ai iā ia ke lilo i pailaka papa mua.
I loko o kēlā wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua lilo ʻo Alexei Leonov i lālā no ka CPSU. Mai 1959 a 1960 i lawelawe ʻo ia ma Kelemania, i ka papa o ka pūʻali koa Soviet.
I kēlā manawa, ua hui ke kāne me ke poʻo o ka Cosmonaut Training Center (CPC), ʻo Colonel Karpov. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu hui ʻo ia me Yuri Gagarin, kahi me ia i pili ai ka pumehana.
I ka makahiki 1960, ua kākau inoa ʻia ʻo Leonov i kahi kaʻahua mua o nā cosmonauts Soviet. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ikaika ʻo ia, a me nā mea hui ʻē aʻe, i kēlā me kēia lā, e hoʻāʻo nei e loaʻa ka palapala ʻoi loa.
Ma hope o 4 mau makahiki, ua hoʻomaka ka keʻena hoʻolālā e Korolev i kūkulu i ka mokulele mokulele Voskhod-2. Ua ʻae ʻia kēia hāmeʻa e ʻae i nā astronauts e hele i waho. Ma hope, ua koho ka luna hoʻomalu i nā moho 2 maikaʻi loa no ka lele e hiki mai ana, a ʻo Alexei Lenov lāua ʻo Pavel Belyaev.
ʻO ka lele mōʻaukala a me ka spacewalk manned mua i hana ʻia ma Malaki 18, 1965. Ua nānā pono ʻia kēia hanana e ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e like me, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ma hope o kēia lele, ʻo Leonov kekahi o nā cosmonauts i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia no ka lele i ka mahina, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kēia papahana e ke alakaʻi o ka USSR. ʻO kā Alexey puka hou i ka lewa lewa i 10 mau makahiki ma hope, i ka wā o ka docking kaulana o ka Soviet Soyuz 19 spacecraft a me ka American Apollo 21.
ʻO ka spacewalk mua
ʻO ka nānā kūikawā i ka moʻomeheu o Leonov kūpono i kāna spacewalk mua, ʻaʻole paha ia.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kāne e hele i waho o ka moku ma o ka lewa kūikawā, ʻoiai ʻo kāna hoa ʻo Pavel Belyaev, e nānā i ke kūlana ma o nā kāmela wikiō.
ʻO ka manawa holoʻokoʻa o ka puka mua he 23 mau minuke 41 kekona (a he 12 mau minuke 9 kekona ma waho o ka moku). I ka wā o ka hana ʻana ma ka spacesuit a Leonov, ua piʻi a kiʻekiʻe ka mahana a ua ulu ʻo ia i ka tachycardia, a ninini maoli ʻia ka hou mai kona lae.
Eia naʻe, ʻo nā pilikia maoli i mua o Alexei. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ke kaomi, hu nui kāna spacesuit, a ua alakaʻi ʻia i ka neʻe palena ʻia a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui. A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka hōkele ke ʻomi hou i loko o ka airlock.
Ua koi ʻia ʻo Leonov e hōʻoluʻolu i ke kaomi i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka nui o ka hoʻopiʻi. I ka manawa like, ua hana nui kona mau lima me ke kāmela a me ke kaula palekana, ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia a koi ʻia ka hoʻoikaika kino maikaʻi.
I ka manawa i hiki ai iā ia ke hana i kahi puka kupanaha, ua kali kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe iā ia. Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka airlock, kaumaha loa ka moku.
Ua hiki i nā astronauts ke hoʻopau i kēia pilikia ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka oxygen, a ma muli o ka nui o ke kāne.
Me he mea lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ke kūlana, akā mamao loa kēia mai nā hoʻokolohua a pau i loaʻa i nā pailaka Soviet.
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻomaka ka iho o ka moku e iho ma hope o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni 16 a puni ka Honua, akā ua hewa ka ʻōnaehana. Pono ʻo Pavel Belyaev e kaohi lima i nā hāmeʻa. Ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i loko o 22 kekona wale nō, akā ʻoiai ua lawa kēia wā liʻiliʻi e pae ai ka moku 75 km mai kahi pae pae i koho ʻia.
Ua pae nā cosmonauts ma kahi o 200 km mai Perm, i ka taiga hohonu, kahi i hoʻopilikia loa i kā lākou ʻimi ʻana. Ma hope o 4 mau hola o ka noho ʻana i ka hau, i ke anuanu, ua loaʻa hope loa ʻo Leonov lāua ʻo Belyaev.
Kōkua ʻia nā pailaka e kiʻi i kahi hale kokoke loa i ka taiga. ʻElua wale nō lā ma hope ua hiki iā lākou ke lawe i Moscow, kahi ʻaʻole wale ka Soviet Union holoʻokoʻa, akā ke kali nei ka honua holoʻokoʻa iā lākou.
I ka makahiki 2017, ua paʻi ʻia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Manawa o ka Mua", hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau a me ka lele ʻana ma kahi ākea o "Voskhod-2". He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hana ʻo Alexei Leonov ma ke ʻano he kākāʻōlelo nui o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, mahalo i hiki i nā alakaʻi a me nā mea hana ke hōʻike i ka hana a ka poʻe Soviet.
Ke ola pilikino
Ua hui ka pailaka i kāna wahine i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo Svetlana Pavlovna, i ka makahiki 1957. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi loa ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻōpio e male ma 3 mau lā ma hope o ko lākou hui ʻana.
Eia nō naʻe, noho pū lāua a hiki i ka make ʻana o Leonov. I kēia male, ua hānau ʻia he 2 mau kaikamahine - Victoria a me Oksana.
Ma waho aʻe o ka mokulele a me nā astronautics, ua makemake ʻo Alexei Leonov i ka pena ʻana. I loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu hana, ua kākau ʻo ia e pili ana i 200 mau pena. Ma kāna mau canvases, hōʻike ke kāne i nā hiʻona honua a me nā ʻano honua, nā kiʻi o nā kānaka like ʻole, a me nā kumuhana maikaʻi.
Makemake pū kekahi ka mea ʻike i ka mokulele e heluhelu i nā puke, holo kaʻa paikikala, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka pā a hele i ka ʻimi holoholona. Nanea pū ʻo ia i ka pāʻani ʻana i ka tennis, ke kinipōpō hīnaʻi a me ke paʻi kiʻi ʻana.
I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua noho ʻo Leonov ma kahi kokoke i ke kapitala i kahi hale i kūkulu ʻia e like me kāna papahana.
Make
Ua make ʻo Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov ma ʻOkakopa 11, 2019 i ka makahiki 85. Ma mua iki o kona make ʻana, maʻi pinepine ʻo ia. ʻO ka mea pono, pono ʻo ia e hana ma kona manamana wāwae no ka maʻi diabetes holomua. ʻAʻole nō i ʻike ʻia ke kumu maoli o ka make ʻana o ka astronaut.
I loko o nā makahiki o kona ola, ua loaʻa iā Leonov nā makana nui hanohano. Ua loaʻa iā ia kāna Ph.D. i nā ʻepekema ʻenehana, a ua hana ʻehā i nā mea hou i ke kahua o nā astronautics. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka pailaka ka mea kākau o ka ʻumikūmālua mau pepa ʻepekema.
Na Alexey Leonov i kiʻi
