Leonid Iovich Gaidai (1923-1993) - Luna Hoʻokele kiʻi Soviet a me Rūkia, mea hana keaka, mea kākau moʻolelo. People's Artist o ka USSR a me ka laureate o ka State Prize o ka RSFSR iā lākou. nā hoahānau Vasiliev.
Ua kī ʻo Gaidai i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni he nui, me Operation Y a me nā Adventures ʻē aʻe o Shurik, ka mea paʻahao o ka Caucasus, Diamond Hand, ua hoʻololi ʻo ʻIvan Vasilyevich i kāna ʻoihana a me Sportloto-82.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia ma kā Biidala moʻomeheu, a mākou e kūkākūkā ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Leonid Gaidai.
Kawaihae o Gaidai
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Leonid Gaidai ma Ianuali 30, 1923 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Svobodny (Amur Region). Ua ulu ʻo ia i loko o kahi ʻohana papa hana i pili ʻole i ka ʻoihana kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
ʻO ka makuakāne o ka luna alakaʻi, ʻo Job Isidovich, he limahana ma ke alahao, a ʻo kona makuahine, ʻo Maria Ivanovna, e hānai nei i ʻekolu mau keiki: Leonid, Alexander a me Augusta.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana o Leonid, neʻe ka ʻohana i Chita, a ma hope i Irkutsk, kahi i noho ai ka luna kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i kona wā kamaliʻi. Ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ke kula kaʻaahi, a ua puka ʻo ia mai ke kula mai ka lā ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Nui Patriotic (1941-1945).
I ka manawa i hoʻouka kaua ʻo Nazi Kelemania i ka USSR, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Gaidai e hele manawaleʻa i mua, akā ʻaʻole i hala i ke komisina no kona wā ʻōpio. ʻO ka hopena, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hana ma ke ʻano he hoʻomālamalama ma ka Theatre o Satire o Moscow, a ua lawe ʻia i kēlā manawa i Irkutsk.
Ua hele aku ke kanaka ʻōpio i nā hana keaka a pau, e nānā ana me ka hauʻoli i ka pāʻani a nā mea hana keaka. ʻOiai ʻo ia, ua kuko ʻia ka makemake e hoʻohui i kona ola me ka hale keaka.
I ka hāʻule o 1941, ua wae ʻia ʻo Leonid Gaidai i pūʻali koa. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka wā o ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā mea hakakā, ua kū kekahi hanana hoʻomākeʻaka me ke kanaka, a ma hope e hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e pili ana i nā "hanana o Shurik".
I ka manawa i nīnau aku ai ka luna hoʻomalu o ka pūʻali koa i nā limahana ma hea lākou e makemake ai e lawelawe, no kēlā me kēia nīnau "ʻO wai ka mea i loko o nā pūkuniahi?", "I ka Air Force?", "I ka navy?" ʻUā ʻo Gaidai "I". ʻO ia ka manawa a ka luna koa i hoʻopuka ai i ka huaʻōlelo kaulana "E kali ʻoe! E ʻae mai iaʻu e heluhelu i ka papa inoa holoʻokoʻa. "
ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Leonid i Mongolia, akā ua alakaʻi ʻia i Kalinin Front, kahi i lawelawe ai ma ke ʻano he mākaʻikaʻi. Ua hōʻoia ʻo ia iā ia iho he koa koa.
I loko o kahi hana hōʻeha ma kekahi o nā kauhale, ua hoʻokele ʻo Gaidai i ke kīloi ʻana i nā grenades ma ka hale koa koa Kelemania me kona mau lima iho. ʻO ka hopena, ua luku ʻo ia ʻekolu mau ʻenemi, a laila komo i ka hopu pio ʻana.
No kēia hana koa a Leonid Gaidai i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka mekala "No ka Pono Koa". I loko o ke kaua hou, ua puhi ʻia ʻo ia e kahi mine, a ʻehaʻeha loa i kona wāwae ʻākau. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua ʻike ke komisina iā ia ʻaʻole kūpono no ka lawelawe hou aku.
Nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni
I ka makahiki 1947 ua puka ʻo Gaidai mai ke kula kiaka ma Irkutsk. Maʻaneʻi ʻo ia i hana ai no ʻelua mau makahiki ma ke ʻano he mea hana keaka a me nā kukui uila.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua haʻalele ʻo Leonid no Moscow, kahi i lilo ai i haumāna no ka ʻoihana alakaʻi o VGIK. Ma hope o 6 mau makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana ma ke kula, loaʻa iā ia kahi hana ma ka hale hōʻikeʻike kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo Mosfilm.
Ma 1956, Gaidai, pū me Valentin Nevzorov, kī i ke keaka ke ala lōʻihi. Ma hope o 2 mau makahiki, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka hoʻomākeʻaka pōkole "The Bridegroom from the Other World." ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻo kēia wale nō ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i ka moʻolelo moʻomeheu hana a ka mea kuhikuhi i loiloi nui ʻia.
He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo he kiʻi lōʻihi loa ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. Pāʻani lealea ia i ka keʻena Soviet a me ka chicanery.
ʻO ka hopena, ke nānā aku ke Kuhina o ka moʻomeheu o ka USSR iā ia, ua kauoha ʻo ia e ʻoki i nā ʻāpana he nui. No laila, mai kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni piha, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kiʻi i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni pōkole.
Ua makemake lākou e lawe iā Leonid Gaidai mai ke kuhikuhi ʻana. A laila ua ʻae ʻo ia no ka manawa mua a hope e hana i kahi kuʻikahi me Mosfilm. Ua paʻi ke kāne i ke keaka ideological e pili ana i ka mokuahi "ʻEkolu Manaʻo Hou".
ʻOiai makemake ʻia kēia hana e nā censors, ka mea nāna i ʻae iā Gaidai e hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, ua hilahila ka luna hoʻomalu iā ia no kēia hana keaka a hiki i ka hopena o kāna mau lā.
I ka makahiki 1961, ua hōʻike ʻo Leonid i ʻelua mau comedies pōkole - "Watchdog Dog and Unusual Cross" a me "Moonshiners", nāna i lawe iā ia i kaulana kaulana. ʻO ia ka manawa i ʻike ai nā mea nānā i ke kolu kaulana i ke kanaka o Coward (Vitsin ", Balbes (Nikulin) a me Experienced (Morgunov).
Ma hope mai, ua paʻi ʻia nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni hou a Gaidai "Operation Y" a me nā Adventures ʻē aʻe a Shurik, "The Prisoner of the Caucasus, or Shurik's New Adventures" a me "The Diamond Hand", i paʻi ʻia ma nā makahiki 60, ma ke kiʻiona nui. ʻO nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻekolu he kūleʻa nui a noʻonoʻo ʻia nō nā papa hana o ka cinema Soviet.
I nā makahiki 70, ua hoʻomau ka hana a Leonid Gaidai. I loko o kēia wā, ua ʻike kona mau makaʻāinana i nā mea hana e like me "ʻIvana Vasilyevich e hoʻololi i kāna ʻoihana", "ʻAʻole hiki!" a me "nā noho 12". Ua lilo ʻo ia i kekahi o nā alakaʻi kaulana a aloha nui ʻia i ka nui o ka Soviet Union.
I nā makahiki he 10 e hiki mai ana, ua hōʻike ʻo Gaidai i nā hana he 4, kahi a nā mele komikina "Behind the Matches" a me "Sportloto-82" i hoʻolaha nui ai. I ka manawa o kāna moʻomeheu, ua kī pū kekahi ʻo ia i nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi he 14 no ka nūhou "Wick".
Ma 1989 ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Leonid Gaidai i ke poʻo inoa o ka People's Artist o ka USSR. Ma hope o ka hiolo ʻana o ka Soviet Union, ua kī wale ʻo ia i hoʻokahi kiʻi "Maikaʻi ke aniau ma Deribasovskaya, a i ʻole ke ua hou nei ma Brighton Beach."
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i loko o kēia kiʻi ʻoniʻoni nā parodies o nā alakaʻi Soviet, mai Lenin a Gorbachev, a me ka Pelekikena ʻAmelika ʻo George W. Bush.
Ke ola pilikino
Ua hui ʻo Leonid me kāna wahine i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ka mea hana keaka ʻo Nina Grebeshkova, ʻoiai e aʻo ana ma VGIK. Ua male ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka makahiki 1953, noho pū lākou ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki.
He mea pīhoihoi ua hōʻole ʻo Nina e lawe i ka inoa o kāna kāne, no ka mea ʻaʻole maopopo koke inā he kāne a wahine paha e peʻe ana ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Gaidai, a he mea nui kēia na ka wahine kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.
I loko o kēia male, he kaikamahine kā lāua, ʻo Oksana, ka mea i ka wā e hiki mai ana i lilo i limahana panakō.
Make
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua waiho ka olakino o Gaidai i mea makemake nui ʻia. Ua hopohopo nui ʻo ia no ka ʻeha i hoʻōla ʻole ʻia ma kona wāwae. Hoʻohui ʻia, ma muli o ka puhi paka ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻoliʻiliʻi loa.
Ua make ʻo Leonid Iovich Gaidai ma Nowemapa 19, 1993 i ka makahiki 70. Ua make ʻo ia i ka pulmonary embolism.
Nā kiʻi Gaidai
