ʻO Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky - Ke kanaka kālepa Lūkini, kahi lehulehu a me ka politika, mea hoʻolaha. he mea kuleana a he poʻo o ka ʻoihana aila ʻo Yukos. Ua hopu ʻia e nā luna Lūkini no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka mālama kālā ʻana a me ka hōʻalo ʻauhau ma ʻOkakopa 25, 2003. I ka manawa o kona hopu ʻia ʻana, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kānaka waiwai loa o ka honua, ua koho ʻia kona waiwai i 15 biliona kālā.
I ka 2005, ua hewa ʻo ia i ka hoʻopunipuni a me nā hewa ʻē aʻe e ka ʻaha Lūkini. Ua waiho ʻia ka ʻoihana YUKOS no ka panakalupa. I ka 2010-2011 ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia ma lalo o nā hanana hou; me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hoʻopiʻi hou aʻe, ʻo ka palena manawa i kau ʻia e ka ʻaha he 10 mau makahiki a me 10 mau mahina.
Aia i loko o ka moʻomeheu o Mikhail Khodorkovsky nā mea hoihoi mai kona ola pilikino a me nā mea hou aʻe mai ka lehulehu.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Khodorkovsky.
ʻO Biography o Mikhail Khodorkovsky
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Mikhail Khodorkovsky ma Iune 26, 1963 ma Moscow. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i kahi ʻohana papa hana maʻalahi.
ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo Boris Moiseevich, a me kona makuahine, ʻo Marina Filippovna, i hana ma ke ʻano he ʻenekinia kemikala ma ka hale Kalibr, kahi i hoʻopuka pono i nā pono hana ana.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
A hiki i ka makahiki 8, hui pū ʻo Mikhail me kona mau mākua i kahi keʻena kūloko, a ma hope ua loaʻa i ka ʻohana Khodorkovsky ko lākou hale ponoʻī.
Mai ka wā kamaliʻi mai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mea kālepa e hiki mai ana e ka hoihoi a me nā ʻike noʻonoʻo maikaʻi.
Makemake nui ʻo Mikhail i ke kemika, a ma muli o kāna hana pinepine ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole. Ke ʻike nei i ka hoihoi o ke keikikāne i nā ʻepekema kikoʻī, ua hoʻoholo ka makuakāne a me ka makuahine e hoʻouna iā ia i kahi kula kūikawā me ke aʻo hohonu o ka kemika a me ka makemakika.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna palapala hōʻoia kula, ua lilo ʻo Khodorkovsky i haumāna ma ka Institute of Chemical Technology o Moscow. D.I Mendeleev.
Ma ke kula nui, ua loaʻa iā Mikhail nā māka kiʻekiʻe i nā aʻo āpau. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai i kēia wā o kāna moʻomeheu pono ʻo ia e loaʻa kālā ma ke ʻano he kamana i loko o kahi mea hana hale i mea e pono ai ke ola.
I ka makahiki 1986, ua puka ʻo Khodorkovsky me ka hanohano mai ke kula, a lilo i ʻenekinia hana i hōʻoia ʻia.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua loaʻa ʻo Mikhail a me kāna mau hoa i ke kikowaena no ka ʻepekema a me ka hana ʻana i ka wā ʻōpio. Mahalo i kēia papahana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonohonoho pū i kahi kapitala nui nui.
I ka launa pū me kēia, ua aʻo ʻo Khodorkovsky ma ka Institute of National Economy. Plekhanov. Ma laila ʻo ia i hui ai me Alexei Golubovich, nona nā ʻohana i paʻa i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo USSR.
Bank "Menatep"
Mahalo i kāna papahana ʻoihana mua a me kāna kamaʻāina me Golubovich, ua hiki iā Khodorkovsky ke komo i ka mākeke ʻoihana nui.
I ka 1989, ua hana ke kāne i ka panakō ʻo Menatep, lilo i luna hoʻomalu no kāna papa. ʻO kēia panakō kekahi o nā mea mua ma ka USSR i loaʻa i kahi laikini mokuʻāina.
I ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hōʻike ʻo Mikhail Khodorkovsky i ka hoihoi i ka ʻoihana aila. Ma o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā luna i kamaʻāina, ua lilo ʻo ia i pelekikena o ka Waihona Kālā no ka paipai ʻana i nā hoʻopukapuka ma ka wahie a me ka Energy Energy me nā kuleana o ka hope kuhina o ka wahie a me ka ikehu.
No ka hana ʻana i ka hana kīwila, ua koi ʻia ka mea kālepa e haʻalele i ke kūlana o ke poʻo o ka panakō, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻomau ka mau o ke aupuni i kona mau lima.
Hoʻomaka ʻo Menatep e hui pū me nā ʻoihana nui e hana ana i nā ʻoihana ʻenehana, ʻaila a me nā meaʻai.
YUKOS
I ka makahiki 1995, ua kuʻi aku ʻo Khodorkovsky i kahi mea nui, me ka hoʻololi ʻana i 10% o nā mahele o Menatep no 45% o Yukos, ka hana aila a ka mokuʻāina, ka mua ma nā waihona aila.
Ma hope, ua loaʻa i ka mea kālepa ka 35% o nā palekana, no ka hopena ua kāohi ʻo ia iā 90% o nā ʻāpana o YUKOS.
He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo i kēlā manawa aia ka hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila i kahi kūlana kaumaha. Ua lawe ʻo Khodorkovsky i 6 mau makahiki lōʻihi e lawe mai iā Yukos mai ka pilikia.
A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hiki i ka ʻoihana ke lilo i alakaʻi alakaʻi honua ma ka mākeke ikehu, me ke kapikala ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 40 miliona.
Ka hihia ʻo Yukos
I ka hāʻule o 2003, ma ke kahua mokulele ma Novosibirsk, ua hopu ʻia ka piliona Khodorkovsky e ka mākaʻi. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka ʻaihue ʻana i nā kālā lehulehu a me ka pale ʻauhau.
Ua mālama koke ʻia kahi ʻimi ma ke keʻena ʻo YUKOS, a ua hopu ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau a me nā waihona o ka ʻoihana.
Ua hoʻoholo ka ʻaha Lūkini ʻo Khodorkovsky ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hui lawehala i hana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana i nā hui like ʻole.
ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole hiki iā Yukos ke hoʻokuʻu aku i ka aila a loaʻa koke iā ia iho i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi. Ua hoʻoili ʻia nā kālā āpau mai nā waiwai o ka ʻoihana e uku i ka hōʻaiʻē i ka mokuʻāina.
I ka 2005, ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo Mikhail Borisovich i 8 mau makahiki i kahi kolone noho aupuni maʻamau.
I ka hopena o ka makahiki 2010, i ka manawa o ka hihia kalaima ʻelua, ua ʻike ka ʻaha ʻo Khodorkovsky a me kāna hoapili ʻo Lebedev i ka ʻaihue ʻaila a hoʻopaʻi iā lākou i 14 mau makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka manawa o ka paʻahao.
Ua kākoʻo nā kiʻi politika a lehulehu hoʻi iā Mikhail Khodorkovsky, e like me Boris Akunin, Yuri Luzhkov, Boris Nemtsov, Lyudmila Alekseeva a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe. Ua koi ikaika lākou ma ka hihia ʻo YUKOS ua hōʻeha ʻia ke kānāwai ma ke ʻano "kolohe a kolohe hoʻi."
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka oligarch i pale ʻia e ka poʻe kālaiʻāina ʻAmelika. Ua puka mai lākou me ka hōʻino koʻikoʻi i ka hana loio Lūkini.
ʻOiai ʻo ia e lawelawe ana i kāna hoʻopaʻi i loko o ka hale paʻahao, ua hele ʻo Mikhail Khodorkovsky i kahi ʻōloli pōloli he 4 mau manawa i ke kūʻē. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā manawa paʻakikī i kāna puke moʻomanaʻo.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i loko o ke kolone ua hoʻouka kaua pinepine ʻia ʻo ia e nā keʻena mālama kānāwai a me nā paʻahao.
I ka manawa hoʻokahi, ua hoʻouka ʻia ʻo Khodorkovsky me kahi pahi e kāna hoa paʻahao, ʻo Alexander Kuchma, ka mea i ʻokiʻoki i kona alo. Ma hope, ua ʻae ʻo Kuchma i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia e hoʻokuke iā ia i kēlā mau hana, ka mea i koi maoli iā ia e hoʻouka i ka tycoon aila ma ka ikaika.
I ka manawa o Mikhail i loko o ka hale paʻahao, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana i ka palapala. Ma ka waena o 2000, ua paʻi ʻia kāna mau puke: "The Crisis of Liberalism", "Left Turn", "Introduces to the Future. Ka maluhia ma 2020 ".
Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua paʻi ʻo Khodorkovsky i kekahi mau hana, kahi o ka "Prison People" ka mea i makemake nui ʻia. I loko o laila, ua ʻōlelo kikoʻī ka mea kākau e pili ana i ke ola o ka hale paʻahao.
I Kēkēmapa 2013, ua kau inoa ka pelekikena Lūkia ʻo Vladimir Putin i kahi ʻoka kala no Mikhail Khodorkovsky.
I ka wā manuahi, ua lele ka oligarch i Kelemania. Ma laila, ua hoʻolaha ākea ʻo ia ʻaʻole ona makemake hou e komo i ka politika a hana i ka ʻoihana. Ua ʻōlelo hou aʻe, no kāna ʻāpana, e hana ʻo ia i nā hana āpau e hoʻokuʻu ai i nā paʻahao politika Lūkia.
Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Khodorkovsky i kona manaʻo e hoʻokūkū i ka pelekikena i mea e hoʻololi ai i ka mokuʻāina i ka mokuʻāina no ka ʻoi aku.
Ke ola pilikino
I loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu, male ʻelua ʻo Khodorkovsky.
Me kāna wahine mua, ʻo Elena Dobrovolskaya, ua hui ʻo ia i kāna mau makahiki haumāna. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu he keiki kāne a ka wahine, ʻo Pavel.
Wahi a Mikhail, ʻaʻole kūleʻa kēia male. Eia naʻe, ua kaʻawale ka wahine me ka maluhia a i kēia lā e hoʻomau i ka noho maikaʻi.
ʻO ka lua o ka manawa i male ai ʻo Khodorkovsky i kahi limahana o ka Bank Menatep - Inna Valentinovna. Ua male ka poʻe ʻōpio ma 1991, i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiolo ʻana o ka USSR.
I kēia hui ʻana, he kaikamahine kā lāua ʻo Anastasia a me ʻelua māhoe - ʻo Ilya lāua ʻo Gleb.
Wahi a kona makuahine, he atheist ʻo Khodorkovsky. I ka manawa like, nui nā kumuwaiwai e hōʻike ana ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia i ke Akua i kona wā i loko o ka hale paʻahao.
ʻO Mikhail Khodorkovsky i kēia lā
I ka 2018, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka papahana Democrats Hui Pū ʻIa e hāʻawi i ke kōkua kūpono i nā moho i wae ʻia i nā koho balota āpana 2019.
Ua hoʻolako kālā ʻia ka papahana me ke kākoʻo pololei o Khodorkovsky.
ʻO Mikhail Borisovich ka mea hoʻokumu o ka hui Dossier, kahi e noiʻi ai i nā hoʻolālā palaho e nā alakaʻi aupuni.
Loaʻa iā Khodorkovsky kāna kahawai YouTube ponoʻī, a me nā moʻokāki ma nā pūnaewele kaiaulu.
ʻO ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me nā mea nānā, hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻo Mikhail iā Vladimir Putin a me nā hana a ke aupuni. Wahi a ia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻāina ke ulu palekana inā aia ka mana i ka lima o nā mea kālai'āina i kēia manawa.
Na Mikhail Khodorkovsky i kiʻi
