Ua lilo ʻo Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky (1892 - 1968) i mea kaulana i nā puke Lūkini i kona wā e ola ana. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kāna mau hana i loko o ka papahana moʻokalaleo moʻokalaleo ma ke ʻano he laʻana o ka prose ʻāina. ʻO nā puke moʻolelo, novellas a me nā moʻolelo pōkole o Paustovsky i makemake nui ʻia i ka Soviet Union a ua unuhi ʻia i nā ʻōlelo haole he nui. Ma mua o ke kakini o nā hana a ka mea kākau i paʻi ʻia ma Palani wale nō. I ka makahiki 1963, e like me ka balota o kekahi o nā nūpepa, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo K. Paustovsky ma ke ʻano he mea kākau kaulana o ka USSR.
Ua hala ka hanauna ʻo Paustovsky i kahi koho kūlohelohe ʻoi loa. I loko o ʻekolu mau kipi a me nā kaua ʻelua, ʻo ka mea ʻoi loa a ikaika hoʻi i ola. I kāna moʻolelo autobiograpical Tale of Life, ʻo ka mea kākau, me he mea lā, maʻamau a me kahi ʻano melankoli, kākau e pili ana i ka make, ka pōloli a me nā pilikia kūloko. Ua hoʻolaʻa wale ʻo ia i ʻelua ʻaoʻao i kāna hoʻāʻo e hoʻokō i Kiev. I kēia mau ʻano, me he mea lā, ʻaʻohe manawa no nā mele a me nā nani maoli.
Eia naʻe, ua ʻike a mahalo ʻo Paustovsky i ka nani o ke kūlohelohe mai ka wā kamaliʻi. A ma hope o kona kamaʻāina ʻana me Central Russia, ua pili ʻo ia i kona ʻuhane. Nui nā haku ʻāina i ka mōʻaukala o nā palapala Lūkia, akā no ka hapanui o lākou he mea pono wale ka ʻāina e hana i ke ʻano kūpono i ka mea heluhelu. Kūʻokoʻa nā pae ʻāina ʻo Paustovsky, i loko o lākou e ola nei ke kūlohelohe i kona ola ponoʻī.
I loko o ka moʻomeheu o K.G Paustovsky aia wale nō, akā ʻano kānalua loa - ka ʻole o nā makana. Ua hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka mea kākau, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ke kauoha a Lenin, akā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia iā Paustovsky nā makana a Lenin, Stalin, a Mokuʻāina paha. He paʻakikī e wehewehe i kēia e ka hoʻomāinoino ideological - noho nā mea kākau ma kahi kokoke, koi ʻia e unuhi i mea e loaʻa ai kahi ʻāpana berena. ʻO kā talent a me ka kaulana a Paustovsky i ʻike ʻia e nā mea āpau. Ma muli nō paha ia o ke kūlana hanohano o ka mea kākau. He cesspool nō ka Union Writers '. Pono pono e hoʻokūpilikiʻi, e hui i kekahi mau pūʻulu, e hoʻopaʻa i kekahi i luna, e hoʻoleʻaleʻa i kekahi, ka mea i ʻae ʻole ʻia na Konstantin Georgievich. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hōʻike iki i kahi minamina. I ka hana maoli a kahi mea kākau, ua kākau ʻo Paustovsky, "ʻaʻohe ala hele wahaheʻe, a me ka ʻike ʻole i ka mea kākau i kāna kuleana kūʻokoʻa".
Ua honi ʻo Marlene Dietrich i nā lima o kāna mea kākau punahele
1. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo K. Paustovsky i loko o ka ʻohana o nā helu helu o nā alahao ma Moscow. I ka piha ʻana o ke keiki kāne he 6 makahiki, neʻe ka ʻohana i Kiev. A laila, ma kāna iho, ua huakaʻi ʻo Paustovsky ma kahi o ka hema a pau o Lūkia: ʻO Odessa, Batumi, Bryansk, Taganrog, Yuzovka, Sukhumi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Baku a kipa aku nō hoʻi i Peresia.
Moscow ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19
2. I ka makahiki 1923 ua noho paʻa loa ʻo Paustovsky ma Moscow - ua loaʻa iā Ruvim Fraerman, ka mea a lāua i hui ai ma Batumi, kahi hana ma ke ʻano he hoʻoponopono ma ROSTA (Russian Telegraph Agency, ka mua o TASS), a waiho i kahi huaʻōlelo no kāna hoa aloha. ʻO ke keaka pāhenehe hoʻokahi-hana "A Day in Growth", i kākau ʻia ʻoiai e hana ana ma ke ʻano he hoʻoponopono, ʻo ia paha ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Paustovsky i ka hana keaka.
ʻAʻole ʻo Rubin Fraerman i kākau wale iā "Wild Dog Dingo", akā ua lawe pū ʻo Paustovsky i Moscow
3. He ʻelua mau kaikunāne ko Paustovsky, i make i ka lā like ma ke alo o ke Kaua Honua Mua, a he kaikuahine. ʻO Paustovsky ponoʻī kekahi i kipa aku i mua - ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he pololei, akā ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona mau kaikaina ua demobilized ʻia ʻo ia.
4. I ka makahiki 1906, ua haki ka ʻohana Paustovsky. Ua hāʻule koʻu makuakāne me kāna mau luna, holo i ka hōʻaiʻē a holo aku. Ua noho ka ʻohana ma ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā mea, akā laila ua maloʻo pū kēia kumu waiwai - ua wehewehe ʻia ka waiwai no ka ʻaiʻē. Ua hāʻawi malū ka makuakāne i kāna keiki i kahi leka kahi i koi aku ai iā ia e ikaika a mai hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea hiki ʻole iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo.
5. ʻO ka hana i paʻi mua ʻia o Paustovsky kahi moʻolelo i paʻi ʻia ma ka makasina ʻo Kiev "Naita".
6. I ka wā o Kostya Paustovsky i ka papa hope loa o ka hale haʻuki ʻo Kiev, huli 100 wale nō kona mau makahiki. I kēia manawa, ua kipa ʻo Nicholas II i ka hale haʻuki. Ua lululima ʻo ia me Constantine, e kū ana ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, a nīnau aku i kona inoa. ʻO Paustovsky kekahi ma ke keaka keaka i kēlā ahiahi, i ka manawa i pepehi ʻia ai ʻo Stolypin ma mua o nā maka o Nikolai.
7. Hoʻomaka ka loaʻa kālā kūʻokoʻa a Paustovsky me nā haʻawina āna i hāʻawi ai ma ke ʻano he haumāna kula kiʻekiʻe. Ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi a me kahi kalaiwa kaʻa, kahi mea loaʻa pūpū, mea kōkua o ka lawaiʻa, proofreader, a, ʻoiai, he mea kākau moʻolelo.
8. I ʻOkakopa 1917, aia ʻo Paustovsky he 25 ona mau makahiki ma Moscow. I ka wā o ka hakakā, ua noho ʻo ia a me nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o kona hale ma ke kikowaena kūlanakauhale i ka lumi hoʻomaʻemaʻe. I ka wā i hele aku ai ʻo Konstantin i kona keʻena no ka palaoa, ua hopu ʻia ʻo ia e nā limahana kipi. ʻO ko lākou luna koa wale nō, ka mea i ʻike iā Paustovsky i loko o ka hale i ka lā i hala, nāna i hoʻopakele i ke kanaka ʻōpio mai ka kī ʻana.
9. ʻO Isaac Babel ke kumu aʻo aʻo aʻo mua na Paustovsky. Mai iā ia mai ʻo Paustovsky i aʻo ai i ke aloha ʻole e "ʻomi" i nā huaʻōlelo kūpono ʻole mai ka ʻōlelo. Ua kākau koke ʻo Babel i ka pōkole, me he mea lā me ke koʻi, ʻokiʻoki i nā huaʻōlelo, a laila ʻeha no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hemo ana i nā mea pono ʻole. ʻO Paustovsky, me kāna mau mele, ua maʻalahi ka hoʻopōkole ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ʻIsaaka Babel ka naita kolohe o nā puke no kāna hana hoʻopunipuni i ka pōkole
10. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili mua o nā moʻolelo a ka mea kākau ʻo "Nā moku e hiki mai ana" i paʻi ʻia ma 1928. ʻO ka puke mua "Shining Clouds" - i ka makahiki 1929. I ka nui, ua paʻi ʻia nā hana he nui e K. Paustovsky. Hoʻopuka ʻia nā hana piha i 9 mau puke.
11. He aloha puni ʻo Paustovsky i ka lawaiʻa a me ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa nui a me nā mea āpau e pili ana. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka lawaiʻa mua ma waena o nā mea kākau, a ua ʻike nā lawaiʻa iā ia ma ke ʻano he mea kākau lua ma waena o nā lawaiʻa ma hope o Sergei Aksakov. I ka manawa i holoholo ʻo Konstantin Georgievich a puni ʻo Meschera me ke koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi - ʻaʻole ia i nahu ma nā wahi āpau, kahi hoʻi, e like me nā hōʻailona āpau, he iʻa. ʻIke koke ka mea kākau i ka nui o nā lawaiʻa e noho ana a puni kekahi o nā loko liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Paustovsky e komo i ke kaʻina hana, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke kūʻē a ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻohe iʻa o kēia loko. Ua ʻakaʻaka ʻia ʻo ia - eia nō ka iʻa ma aneʻi, kākau ʻo ia
ʻO Paustovsky ponoʻī
12. Kākau wale ʻo K. Paustovsky i ka lima. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ia i hana i kēia ma muli o ka hana maʻamau, akā no ka mea ua manaʻo ʻo ia i ka hana pilikino he mea pili loa, a ʻo ka mīkini nona e like me kahi mea hōʻike a mea uwao paha. Ua paʻi hou nā kākau ʻōlelo i nā palapala. Ma ka manawa like, ua wikiwiki loa ʻo Paustovsky i kākau - he puke paʻa o ka moʻolelo "Colchis" i kākau ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi mahina wale nō. I ka manawa i nīnau aku ai ka keʻena hoʻoponopono i ka lōʻihi o ka hana a ka mea kākau, ua like ʻole kēia manawa iā ia, a ua pane ʻo ia ua hana ʻo ia no ʻelima mau mahina.
13. Ma ka Institute Literary, ma hope koke iho o ke kaua, ua mālama ʻia nā papa ʻo Paustovsky - ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo ia i kahi hui o nā koa o ka lā o nehinei a i ʻole ka poʻe i hana. Ua kū mai kahi galaxy holoʻokoʻa o nā mea kākau kaulana mai kēia hui: Yuri Trifonov, Vladimir Tendryakov, Yuri Bondarev, Grigory Baklanov, etc. etc. E like me nā hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o nā haumāna, he konohiki kūpono ʻo Konstantin Georgievich. I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka poʻe ʻōpio e kūkākūkā kolohe i nā hana a kā lākou mau hoa, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻopilikia i ke kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana, ʻoiai inā ʻoi loa ka hoʻopaʻi. Akā i ka manawa a ka mea kākau a i ʻole kāna mau hoa hana e hoʻohewa nei iā ia lilo i pilikino, ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kūkākūkā me ke aloha ʻole, a hiki i ka lawehala ke haʻalele maʻalahi i ka poʻe hoʻolohe.
14. Makemake nui ka mea kākau i ka hoʻonohonoho pono i kāna mau hōʻike āpau. Ua ʻaʻahu maikaʻi ʻo ia i kekahi manawa, me kekahi chic. Ua noho aliʻi mau ke kauoha kūpono ma kāna wahi hana a ma kona home. Ua pau kekahi o ko Paustovsky hoaloha ma kona keʻena hou i loko o kahi hale ma ke keʻena ʻo Kotelnicheskaya i ka lā o ka neʻe ʻana. Ua hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia nā lako, akā aia kahi puʻu pepa nui e waiho ana i waenakonu o kekahi o nā lumi. I ka lā aʻe, aia nā waihona kūikawā i loko o ka lumi, a lawe ʻia nā pepa āpau a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. ʻOiai i nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola, i ka wā maʻi ʻo Konstantin Georgievich, ua hele mau ʻo ia i ka poʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
15. Heluhelu nui aku ʻo K. Paustovsky i kāna mau hana a pau, ka mea nui iā ia iho a i ʻole nā ʻohana. Eia kekahi, ua heluhelu ʻo ia me ka ʻaneʻane ʻole me ka ʻole o kahi ʻano, ma ka leusurely a me ka monotonous, a me ka lohi ʻana i nā wahi nui. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i makemake i ka heluhelu ʻana i kāna hana e nā mea hana keaka ma ka lekiō. A ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea kākau ke kū i ka leo hoʻokiʻekiʻe o nā mea hana keaka.
16. ʻO Paustovsky kahi haʻi moʻolelo maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kamaʻāina i hoʻolohe i kāna mau moʻolelo ma hope ua mihi i ka kākau ʻole ʻana iā lākou i lalo. Ua manaʻo lākou e hoʻopuka koke ʻo Konstantin Georgievich iā lākou i ka paʻi. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau kaʻao (ʻaʻole i hoʻokūpaʻa ʻo Paustovsky i ko lākou ʻoiaʻiʻo) ua hōʻike maoli ʻia i nā hana a ka mea kākau. Eia nō naʻe, ua nalowale ka hapa nui o kā Konstantin Georgievich mau hana waha.
17. ʻAʻole mālama ka mea kākau i kāna mau palapala, ʻo ka mea mua loa. I ka manawa o kekahi o nā mea pā e pili ana i ka paʻi ʻana i hoʻolālā ʻia o ka hōʻiliʻili aʻe e paʻa i kahi puke kākau o kekahi o nā moʻolelo gymnasium, ua heluhelu hou ʻo Paustovsky i kāna hana a hōʻole e hoʻokomo iā ia i ka hōʻiliʻili. Ua nawaliwali loa ka moʻolelo iā ia.
18. Ma hope o kekahi hanana i ka wanaʻao o kāna ʻoihana, ʻaʻole i hana pū ʻo Paustovsky me nā mea hana kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. I ka manawa i hoʻoholo ʻia e kiʻi ʻoniʻoni iā "Kara-Bugaz", ua hoʻohuli hewahewa nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ke ʻano o ka moʻolelo me kā lākou hoʻokomo ʻana i mea weliweli ka mea kākau. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ma muli o kekahi mau pilikia, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i nā pale. Mai ia manawa, ua hōʻole ʻē ʻo Paustovsky i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni o kāna mau hana.
19. ʻAʻole naʻe i lawehala nā mea paʻi kiʻi iā Paustovsky, a i waena o lākou ua mahalo nui ʻia ʻo ia. I ka hopena o ka makahiki 1930 ua aʻo ʻo Paustovsky lāua ʻo Lev Kassil e pili ana i ka pilikia o Arkady Gaidar, ua hoʻoholo lāua e kōkua iā ia. I kēlā manawa ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Gaidar nā uku aliʻi no kāna mau puke. ʻO ke ala wale nō e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi loa i ke kūlana kālā o ka mea kākau ka paʻi kiʻi ʻana i kāna hana. Ua pane aku ʻo Director Alexander Razumny i ke kāhea a Paustovsky lāua ʻo Kassil. Ua kauoha ʻo ia iā Gaidar no kahi script a kuhikuhi i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Timur a me kāna hui". Ua loaʻa iā Gaidar ke kālā ma ke ʻano he kākau kākau, a laila ua kākau pū kekahi i kahi puke o ka inoa like, a ʻo ka hopena i hoʻoponopono i kāna mau pilikia waiwai.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa me A. Gaidar
20. ʻAʻole pili ka pilina o Paustovsky me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like me ka kinima, akā paʻakikī hoʻi e kapa iā lākou he maikaʻi. Ua kākau ʻo Konstantin Georgievich i kahi pāʻani e pili ana iā Pushkin (ko mākou Contemporary) i kauoha ʻia e ka Maly Theatre ma 1948 me ka wikiwiki. Ma ka hale keaka, he kūleʻa ia, akā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ʻo Paustovsky i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka luna hoʻokele e hana i ka hana iʻoi aku ka ikaika ma ka lilo o ke kiʻi hohonu o nā mea.
21. He ʻekolu mau wahine a ka mea kākau. Me ka mea mua, ʻo Catherine, ua hui ʻo ia ma kahi kaʻaahi kaʻa kaʻahua. Ua male lāua ma 1916, ua kaʻawale i ka 1936, i ka manawa i hui ai ʻo Paustovsky me Valeria, a lilo i wahine ʻelua nāna. ʻO ke keiki kāne a Paustovsky mai kāna male mua, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Vadim i kona ola a pau i ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā mea e pili ana i kona makuakāne, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo K. Paustovsky. ʻO ka male me Valeria, i hala 14 mau makahiki, ʻaʻohe keiki. ʻO ke kolu o ka wahine a Konstantin Georgievich ka wahine wahine kaulana ʻo Tatyana Arbuzova, nāna i mālama ka mea kākau a hiki i kona make ʻana. ʻO ke keikikāne mai kēia male ʻana, ʻo Alexei, i noho ʻo 26 mau makahiki wale nō, a ke hana nei ke kaikamahine a Arbuzova Galina ma ke ʻano he kahu o ka Writer's House-Museum ma Tarusa.
Me Katarina
Me Tatiana Arbuzova
22. Ua make ʻo Konstantin Paustovsky ma Moscow ma Iulai 14, 1968 ma Moscow. ʻO nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola he paʻakikī loa. Ua lōʻihi kona ʻeha ʻana i ka hānō, a ua maʻa ʻo ia i ka hakakā me ke kōkua o nā homalade semi-handicraft inhalers. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomaka hewa koʻu puʻuwai - ʻekolu puʻuwai puʻuwai a me kahi pūpū o nā hoʻouka kaua koʻikoʻi ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola, ua hoʻomau ka mea kākau i nā kūlana, e hoʻomau ana i kāna ʻoihana ʻoihana i ka hiki.
23. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ke aloha aupuni no Paustovsky e nā miliona o kāna mau puke, ʻaʻole nā laina kau inoa kahi i kū ai ka poʻe i ka pō (ʻae, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēlā mau laina me iPhones), a ʻaʻole hoʻi nā makana o ka mokuʻāina (ʻelua mau Kauoha o ka ʻulaʻula o ka hana a me ke kauoha a Lenin). Ma ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Tarusa, kahi i noho ai ʻo Paustovsky no nā makahiki he nui, he ʻumi, inā ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia he mau haneli mau tausani mau kānaka e ʻike i ka mea kākau nui i kāna huakaʻi hope loa.
24. Ua kū aʻe ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "demokratic intelentsia" ma hope o ka make ʻana o K. Paustovsky e hoʻolilo iā ia i ikona o ka thaw. Wahi a ka catechism o ka poʻe "thaw" adherents, mai Pepeluali 14, 1966 a Iune 21, 1968, ua hana wale ka mea kākau i ka pūlima ʻana i nā ʻano palapala noi, nā hoʻopiʻi, nā hōʻike a me nā palapala kākau. ʻO Paustovsky, ka mea i ʻehaʻeha i ka puʻuwai ʻekolu a ua ʻeha ʻia i ke ʻano hānō i nā makahiki ʻelua i hala o kona ola, ua lilo ia i mea hopohopo e pili ana i ka hale noho o A. Solzhenitsyn ma Moscow - - Ua kau inoa ʻo Paustovsky i kahi palapala noi no ia keʻena. Eia hou, ua hāʻawi ka mea mele nui o ke ʻano Lūkini i kahi wehewehe maikaʻi o ka hana a A. Sinyavsky lāua ʻo Y. Daniel. Ua hopohopo nui ʻo Konstantin Georgievich e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o Stalin (pūlima ʻia "Letter 25"). Ua hopohopo pū ʻo ia e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i wahi no ka luna nui o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Taganka, ʻo Y. Lyubimov. No kēia mau mea a pau, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ke aupuni Soviet iā ia i kā lākou mau makana a ālai i ka makana o ka Nobel Prize. Kūpono loa ia a pau, akā aia kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā ʻoiaʻiʻo: ua koho ʻia nā mea kākau Polani ʻo Paustovsky no ka Nobel Prize i ka makahiki 1964, a ua hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā makana Soviet ma mua. Akā no lākou ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoa hana maʻalea. ʻO ka hapanui o nā mea āpau, ua like kēia "kau inoa" me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o kahi kanaka maʻi maʻi ʻole - ʻaʻole lākou e hana iki iā ia, a ma ke Komohana ua kau ka lima o ka mea kākau.
25. Ua waiho ke ola malihini o K. Paustovsky i kona hōʻailona ma ka hoʻomau ʻana o kona hoʻomanaʻo. Hana nā hale-hale hōʻikeʻike o nā mea kākau ma Moscow, Kiev, Crimea, Tarusa, Odessa a me ke kauhale ʻo Solotcha ma ka moku ʻo Ryazan, kahi i noho ai ʻo Paustovsky. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea kākau ma Odessa a me Tarusa. Ma ka 2017, ka 125 makahiki piha o ka hānau ʻana o K. Paustovsky i hoʻolaha nui ʻia, ma mua o 100 mau hanana i mālama ʻia ma loko o Rūsia.
Hale-Hale Hōʻikeʻike o K. Paustovsky ma Tarusa
Hale hoʻomanaʻo ma Odessa. Kūpono ʻole nā ala lele o ka noʻonoʻo hana
