ʻO Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (i ka monasticism Alexy; 1221-1263) - Prince of Novgorod, Grand Duke o Kiev, Grand Duke o Vladimir a me ka alakaʻi koa. I ka hale pule Lūkia Orthodox canonized.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Alexander Nevsky, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou he moʻolelo pōkole o Alexander Nevsky.
Mōʻaukala o Alexander Nevsky
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Alexander Nevsky ma ka lā 13 o Mei, 1221 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Pereslavl-Zalessky. ʻO ia ke keiki a ke aliʻi Pereyaslavl (ma hope ke keiki aliʻi o Kiev a me Vladimir) ʻo Yaroslav Vsevolodovich a me kāna wahine, ke Kamāliʻiwahine Rostislava Mstislavna.
He 8 mau kaikaina iā Alexander: Fedor, Andrey, Mikhail, Daniel, Konstantin, Yaroslav, Athanasius a me Vasily, a me nā kaikuahine ʻelua - ʻo Maria lāua ʻo Ulyana.
I ka hala ʻana o 4 mau makahiki i ka luna o ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hana ʻo ia a me kona mau hoahānau i kahi hanana o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā koa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e kona makuakāne. I ka makahiki 1230 kau ʻo Yaroslav Vsevolodovich i kāna mau keikikāne, ʻo Alexander a me Fyodor, i ke au iā Novgorod.
3 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua make ʻo Fedor, a ʻo ka hopena i ʻike ʻia ʻo Alexander Nevsky ke poʻo autokrat o ke kūlanakauhale.
Nā hana hoʻouka kaua
Pili pū ka pilinaʻōlelo o Alexander me nā kaua. I kāna huakaʻi mua, ua hele ka mōʻī me kona makuakāne iā Dorpat, e makemake ana e kiʻi hou i ke kūlanakauhale mai nā Livonians. I loko o kēlā kaua, ua lanakila nā koa Lūkini i nā naita.
A laila hoʻomaka ke kaua no Smolensk me ka pūʻali koa Lituania, kahi i lilo ai ka lanakila i ka pūʻali koa o Alexander Yaroslavovich. Ma Iulai 15, 1240, ua hoʻoili ʻia ke kaua kaulana o ka Neva ma waena o nā Suetena a me nā Lūkini. Ua hoʻāʻo ka mea mua e haku iā Ladoga, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i kā lākou pahuhopu.
ʻO ka hui o Alexander, me ke kōkua ʻole o ka pūʻali koa nui, ua lanakila i ka ʻenemi ma ka hui ʻana o nā kahawai ʻo Izhora a me Neva. Ma hope o kēia lanakila mōʻaukala i hoʻomaka ai ke kāhea ʻia ke keiki aliʻi Novgorod ʻo Alexander Nevsky.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi loa ka ʻike ʻia o ke kaua mai nā kumuwaiwai Lūkia wale nō, ʻoiai ma nā moʻohelu Suetena ʻaʻohe ʻōlelo iki o ke kaua. ʻO ke kumu mua o ka haʻi ʻana o ke kaua ka Novgorod First Chronicle, i kākau ʻia a hiki i ka 14 mau kenekulia.
Wahi a kēia palapala, i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nūhou no ka hōʻeha o nā ʻauwaʻa Kuekene, ua neʻe koke ke aliʻi Novgorod ʻo Alexander Yaroslavich he 20 mau makahiki i kāna hui liʻiliʻi a me nā kamaʻāina kūʻē i ka ʻenemi ma mua o kona hōʻea ʻana i Lake Ladoga.
Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ke kaua lanakila ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ka makaʻu o nā keiki Novgorod e makaʻu i ka ulu ulu ʻana o Alexander. Ma o nā ʻano hoʻopulapula like ʻole a me nā intricacies, ua hoʻokele lākou e hōʻoia i ka hele o ke keiki aliʻi iā Vladimir i kona makuakāne.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua hele ka pūʻali koa Kelemania e kaua iā Lūkia, e noho ana ma nā ʻāina Pskov, Izboursk, Vozhsky a me ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Koporye. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻokokoke nā naita iā Novgorod. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻomaka ke keikikāne iā Nevsky e hoʻi a kōkua iā lākou.
I ka 1241 hiki ka luna i Novgorod. Me kāna mau ukali, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia iā Pskov, a ma ʻApelila 5, 1242, ua hoʻoili ʻia kahi kaua mōʻaukala ma Lake Peipsi, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Battle of the Ice. Ua alo aku ʻo Alexander i nā Naita Teutonic, ka poʻe i mākaukau maikaʻi no ke kaua.
Ma ka ʻike ʻana he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lako kaua o ka ʻenemi, ua hele aku ke aliʻi Lūkini no kahi hana hoʻopunipuni. Ua hoʻowalewale ʻo ia i nā ʻenemi i ʻaʻahu ʻia i nā mea kaua i ka hau lahilahi. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka hau ke kū i nā pōkā kaumaha o nā Kelemania a hoʻomaka i ka māwae.
Hoʻomaka ka Teutons e luʻu a hoʻopuehu a puni i ka weliweli. Eia nō naʻe, ua kū kūleʻa aku ka pūʻali koa Lūkini mai nā palapū mai i kahi hoʻāʻo e pakele ai. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua o ka Ice, ua haʻalele ke kauoha naita i nā naʻi aupuni a pau.
Eia nō naʻe, me ka lanakila o ka Livonians, ʻaʻole i hana nā Novgorodians i kekahi hana e neʻe i ke komohana i Finilani a i Estonia paha.
Ma hope o 3 mau makahiki, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Alexander Nevsky iā Torzhok, Toropets a me Bezhetsk, ma lalo o ka mana o nā Lituania. A laila ua lanakila a lanakila loa i nā koena o ka pūʻali koa Lituania.
ʻĀpana hoʻomalu
Ma hope o ka make ʻana o ko Alexander makua kāne i ka makahiki 1247, ua lilo ʻo ia i keiki aliʻi no Kiev. I kēlā manawa, aia ʻo Lūkia ma lalo o ka ʻauamo o ka ʻauamo Tatar-Mongol.
Ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua Livonian, hoʻomau ʻo Nevsky i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻĀkau Komohana o Lūkia. Ua hoʻouna ʻo ia i kāna ʻelele i Nolewai, a ʻo ia ka hopena o ke kuʻikahi kuikahi ma waena o Rūsia a me Nolewai i ka makahiki 1251. Alakaʻi ʻo Alexander i kona pūʻali koa i Finelani, kahi i lanakila maikaʻi ai ʻo ia i nā poʻe Kuekene, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻāʻo hou e ālai i ke kai Baletika mai nā Lūkini i ka makahiki 1256.
Ua lilo ʻo Nevsky i mea kālaiʻāina no ke akahele. Ua hōʻole ʻo ia i nā hoʻāʻo o ka curia Roma e hoʻonāukiuki i kahi kaua ma waena o Lūkia a me ka Golden Horde, no ka mea ua maopopo iā ia ia manawa ka mana nui o ka poʻe Tatar. Eia hou, ua ʻike ʻo ia hiki iā ia ke hilinaʻi i ke kākoʻo o ka Horde inā hoʻāʻo kekahi e ʻaʻa i kāna mana.
I ka makahiki 1252, ʻo Andrei lāua ʻo Yaroslav, nā hoahānau o Nevsky, i hele aku i ke kaua kūʻē iā Tatar, akā ua pio loa lāua iā lāua. Ua holo ʻo Andrew i Sweden, no ka hopena a ke aliʻi o Vladimir i hāʻawi aku ai iā Alexander.
ʻO ke kūlana o Alexander Nevsky i ka mōʻaukala e loiloi ʻia e nā poʻe loea i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻOiai pale mau ka luna koa i kona mau ʻāina mai ka poʻe komohewa Komohana, ua hoʻolohe ʻo ia i ka manawa like i nā luna o ka Horde.
Ua kipa pinepine aku ke keiki aliʻi iā Batu, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana iā ia i kāna kākoʻo. I ka 1257, ua kipa aku ʻo ia iā Novgorod me nā ʻelele a Tatar e hōʻoia i ka Horde o kāna kōkua.
Eia kekahi, i ke kūʻē ʻana o Vasily, ke keiki a ʻAlekanedero, i ka poʻe Tatar, kauoha ʻo Nevsky iā ia e lawe pio ʻia i ka ʻāina Suzdal, a ma kahi o ia, ua hoʻopaʻahao ʻia ʻo Dmitry, he ʻehiku ona mau makahiki. No kēia kumu, ʻike pinepine ʻia ke kulekele o ka luna koa he hoʻopunipuni.
I ka 1259, ʻo Alexander Nevsky, ma o nā hoʻoweliweli o ka hoʻouka kaua Tatar, ua hoʻohuli i nā Novgorodians e ʻohiʻohi i ka hoʻokupu i ka Horde. ʻO kēia kahi hana a Nevsky, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohanohano iā ia.
Ke ola pilikino
I ka makahiki 1239, ua lilo ka mōʻī i wahine nāna ke kaikamahine a Bryachislav o Polotsk i kapa ʻia ʻo Alexander. I loko o kēia uniona, he kaikamahine kā lāua wahine ʻo Evdokia a me 4 mau keikikāne: Vasily, Dmitry, Andrey lāua ʻo Daniel.
Aia kekahi mana e like me kā Nevsky wahine hou - Vassa. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo kekahi mau mōʻaukala ʻo Vassa ka inoa mōneka o kāna wahine ʻo Alexandra.
Make
Ma 1262 ua hele ʻo Alexander Nevsky i ka Horde, e makemake ana e pale aku i ka hoʻolālā Tatar-Mongol i hoʻolālā ʻia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia e nā pepehi kanaka o ka poʻe ʻauhau hoʻokupu Horde i kekahi mau kūlanakauhale Lūkia.
I ka mōʻī Mongol, ua maʻi nui ka luna koa, a hoʻi liʻiliʻi ʻole i ka home. Ma mua iki o kona make ʻana, ua hoʻohiki ʻo Alexander me ka hoʻohiki ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Alexis. ʻO kēlā hana, me ka hōʻole mau ʻana o nā kāhuna pule Roma e ʻae aku i ka Kakolika, ua hoʻolilo ka mōʻī i punahele i waena o nā kāhuna pule Lūkia.
Ua make ʻo Alexander Nevsky ma Nowemapa 14, 1263 i ka makahiki 42. Ua kanu ʻia ʻo ia ma Vladimir, akā i ka makahiki 1724 ua kauoha ʻo Peter the Great i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ke koena o ke keiki aliʻi ma St. Petersburg Alexander Nevsky Monastery.
Nā kiʻi na Alexander Nevsky
