ʻO Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) - ka mea manaʻo Kelemania, philologist kahiko, haku mele, haku mele, mea hana i kahi aʻo akeakamai ʻokoʻa, a ʻo ia hoʻi he mea ʻole na ka ʻike naʻaupō a pālahalaha loa ma ʻō aku o ke kaiāulu ʻepekema a me nā akeakamai.
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo nui e pili ana i nā pae hoʻohālikelike kūikawā no ka loiloi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka mea e kānalua ai i nā kumu nui o nā ʻano o ka pono, ka hoʻomana, ka moʻomeheu a me nā pili kaiapili-politika. Kākau ʻia i kahi ʻano aphoristic, ʻike maopopo ʻole ʻia nā hana a Nietzsche, e ulu ana ke kūkākūkā he nui.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Nietzsche, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou he moʻolelo pōkole o Friedrich Nietzsche.
Kawaihae o Nietzsche
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Friedrich Nietzsche ma ka lā 15 ʻOkakopa 1844 i ke kauhale Kelemania ʻo Recken. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana o ka pastor Lutheran ʻo Karl Ludwig. He kaikuahine kona, ʻo Elizabeth, a me kona kaikaina, ʻo Ludwig Joseph, i make i ka wā kamaliʻi.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
ʻO ka pōʻino mua ma ka moʻolelo pilikino o Friedrich i kū i ka makahiki 5 ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne. ʻO ka hopena, ua hāʻule nui ka hānai ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana o nā keiki ma luna o nā poʻohiwi o ka makuahine.
I ka makahiki 14 o Nietzsche, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna aʻo ʻana ma ka hale haʻuki, kahi i aʻo ai ʻo ia i nā puke kahiko me ka hoihoi nui, a makemake pū i ka mele a me ke akeakamai. I kēlā makahiki, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hana i ke kākau ʻana.
Ma hope o ʻehā mau makahiki, ua kūleʻa ʻo Friedrich i nā hōʻike ma ke Kulanui o Bonn, e koho ana i ka philology a me ka theology. Ua huhū koke ke ola o ka haumāna i kēlā me kēia lā, a ua hewa loa kāna pilina me nā haumāna haumāna. No kēia kumu, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻololi i ke Kulanui o Leipzig, ʻo ia ka lua o ke kulanui kahiko i ka panalāʻau o Kelemānia hou.
Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ke aʻo ʻana i ka philology ʻaʻole i kumu nui ka hauʻoli iā Nietzsche. I ka manawa like, ua kūleʻa nui ʻo ia i kēia ʻano ʻepekema a ʻoiai he 24 wale nō ona makahiki, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ke kūlana o ke polopola ma ke Kulanui o Basel (Kuikilana).
ʻO kēia kahi hanana i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka moʻolelo o nā kulanui o ʻEulopa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hauʻoli ʻo Frederick iā ia iho i ke aʻo ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia i haʻalele i kāna ʻoihana ʻoihana.
Ma hope o ka hana ʻana no kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he kumu, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Nietzsche e haʻalele lehulehu i kāna kamaʻāina Prussian. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke komo i loko o ke Kaua Franco-Prussian, i hū i 1870. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i noho ʻo Switzerland i kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao hakakā, ua pāpā ke aupuni i ka poʻe akeakamai e komo i loko o ke kaua.
Eia naʻe, ua ʻae nā luna o Switzerland iā Friedrich Nietzsche e hele i kahi lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kauka. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka mea i ka wā e hele ana ke kāne i ke kaʻa me nā koa ʻeha, ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka diphtheria.
Ma ke ala, he keiki maʻi ʻo Nietzsche mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Ua ʻeha pinepine ʻo ia i ka hiamoe a me nā poʻo poʻo, a i ka makahiki 30 ua aneane makapō loa ʻo ia. Ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kāna hana ma Basel i 1879 i kona wā i hoʻomaha ai a lawe i ke kākau.
Akeakamai
ʻO ka hana mua a Friedrich Nietzsche i paʻi ʻia ma 1872 a ua kapa ʻia ʻo "The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music." I loko o ia mea, ua hōʻike ka mea kākau i kona manaʻo e pili ana i ka pālua (manaʻo e pili ana i ka 2 kumu kūlike) kumu o ke kiʻi.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua paʻi ʻo ia i kekahi mau hana hou aku, a ʻo ka mea i kaulana loa ka puke moʻolelo akeakamai, penei Spoke Zarathustra. I kēia hana, ua hoʻopukapuka ka mea akeakamai i kāna mau manaʻo nui.
Ua hōʻeha ka puke i ka hoʻomana Kalikiano a ua haʻi aku i ka anti-theism - ka hōʻole ʻana i ka manaʻoʻiʻo i kekahi akua. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka manaʻo o kahi luna, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea i ʻoi aku ka mana i ka kanaka o kēia ao e like me ka mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka ape.
No ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kēia hana nui, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ʻo Nietzsche e kahi huakaʻi i Roma i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, kahi i launa nui ai me ka mea kākau a me ka akeakamai ʻo Lou Salome.
Ua loaʻa iā Friedrich kahi ʻuhane hanauna i loko o kahi wahine, ʻaʻole ona hoihoi wale iā ia, akā e kūkākūkā pū me nā manaʻo akeakamai hou. Ua hāʻawi aku ʻo ia iā ia i ka lima a me ka puʻuwai, akā ua kono ʻo Lou iā ia e noho mau hoa.
ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu ʻo Elizabeth, ke kaikuahine o Nietzsche, i ka mana o Salome i kona kaikunāne a ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia i nā koina āpau e hakakā me kāna mau hoaaloha. Ua kākau ʻo ia i kahi leka huhū i ka wahine, a ua hoʻonāukiuki kēia i ka hakakā ma waena o Lou lāua ʻo Frederick. Mai ia manawa, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻōlelo hou.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ka hapa mua o nā ʻāpana he 4 o ka hana "Pēlā ʻO Spoke Zarathustra", ka hopena o Salome Lou i ka mea noʻonoʻo, a me kā lākou "aloha aloha." ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao ʻehā o ka puke i paʻi ʻia ma 1885 i kahi nui o 40 kope wale nō, kekahi o nā mea a Nietzsche i hāʻawi ai i nā hoa aloha.
ʻO kekahi o nā hana hope a Friedrich ʻo The Will to Power. Hōʻike ia i ka mea a Nietzsche i ʻike ai ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻoikaika nui i ka poʻe - ka makemake e hoʻokō i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa i ke ola.
ʻO ka mea noʻonoʻo kekahi o nā mea e nīnau mua i ka lokahi o ke kumuhana, ke kumu o ka makemake, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ke ʻano he kahua hoʻokahi o ka honua, a me ka hiki ke loaʻa i kahi kūpono kūpono o nā hana.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea kākau moʻolelo o Friedrich Nietzsche ke ʻae i ka hana ʻana i nā wahine. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo kekahi akeakamai i kekahi manawa penei: "ʻO nā wahine ke kumu o ka lapuwale āpau a me ka lapuwale i ka honua."
Eia nō naʻe, mai ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana o Frederick i kona mau manaʻo i loko o kona ola, ua lilo ʻo ia i misogynist, femist, a anti-feminist. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka wahine wale nō āna i aloha ai, ʻo ia nō, ʻo Lou Salome. Inā paha ua manaʻo ʻo ia i nā manaʻo no nā kānaka ʻē aʻe o ka wahine keu.
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ua pili ke kāne i kona kaikuahine, nāna i kōkua iā ia i kāna hana a mālama iā ia i kēlā me kēia ʻano. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hōʻeha ka pilina ma waena o ke kaikuahine a me ke kaikaina.
Ua male ʻo Elizabeth iā Bernard Foerster, ka mea i kākoʻo nui i ka anti-Semitism. Ua hoʻowahāwahā ke kaikamahine i nā Iudaio, nā mea i huhū iā Frederick. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi wale ʻia kā lāua pilina i nā makahiki i hala iho nei o ke ola o kahi akeakamai e pono ai ke kōkua.
A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Elizabeth e hoʻolilo i ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu a kona kaikunāne, e hana ana i nā mea hou i kāna mau hana. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kekahi o nā manaʻo o ka mea noʻonoʻo i nā loli.
I ka makahiki 1930, ua lilo ka wahine i mea kākoʻo i ka manaʻo Nazi a kono iā Hitler e lilo i malihini hanohano o ka hale waihona puke Nietzsche, nāna nō i hoʻokumu. Ua kipa maoli ka Fuehrer i ka hale hōʻikeʻike i nā manawa he nui a ua kauoha aku iā Elizabeth e hāʻawi ʻia i kahi penihana ola.
Make
Ua pau ka hana hana a ke kāne ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana, ma muli o ke ʻano ʻōpua o kona noʻonoʻo. Ua hana ʻia ma hope o ka hopu ʻana o ka maʻi ma muli o ka kuʻi ʻana i ka lio i mua pono o kona mau maka.
Wahi a kekahi mana, ua haʻalulu nui ʻo Frederick i ka nānā ʻana i ke kuʻi ʻana o kahi holoholona, a lilo ia i kumu no ka maʻi noʻonoʻo holomua. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo ia i kahi haukapila noʻonoʻo Swiss, kahi i noho ai a hiki i ka 1890.
Ma hope, ua lawe ka makuahine makua i kāna keiki i ka home. Ma hope o kona make ʻana, loaʻa iā ia he 2 mau ʻāpana apoplectic, kahi i hiki ʻole ai iā ia ke hoʻōla hou. Ua make ʻo Friedrich Nietzsche ma ka lā 25 ʻAukake 1900 i ka makahiki 55.
Nā kiʻi Nietzsche
