ʻO Suleiman I ka Mana (Qanuni; 1494-1566) - ka 10 Sultan o ka Ottoman Empire a me ka 89th Caliph mai 1538. Ua manaʻo ʻia he sultan nui loa o ka ʻohana Ottoman; ma lalo ona, ua hōʻea ka Ottoman Porta i kona piko.
Ma ʻEulopa, kapa ʻia ka Sultan ʻo Suleiman ka Magnificent, ʻoiai ma ka honua Muslim, Suleiman Qanuni.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Suleiman the Magnificent, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi puke moʻolelo pōkole o Suleiman I ka Mana.
Kawaihae o Suleiman ka mea hanohano
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Suleiman the Magnificent ma Nowemapa 6, 1494 (a i ʻole ʻApelila 27, 1495) ma ke kūlanakauhale Tureke o Trabzon. Ua ulu ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana o ka Sultan o ka Ottoman Empire Selim I a me kāna haiā wahine ʻo Hafsah ke Sultan.
Ua loaʻa kahi aʻo maikaʻi loa i ke keiki, ʻoiai i ka wā e hiki mai ana ua mākaukau ʻo ia i nā ʻoihana mokuʻāina. I kona wā ʻōpio, ʻo ia ke kiaʻāina o 3 panalāʻau, e like me ka vassal Crimean Khanate.
ʻOiai ʻo ia, ua hōʻike ʻo Suleiman iā ia iho he aliʻi naʻauao, a ua lanakila ʻo ia ma luna o kona mau hoa makaʻāinana. Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Ottoman i ka makahiki 26.
Noho ʻo ia ma ka noho aliʻi, ua kauoha ʻo Suleiman ka Mea Nui i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā lua o nā ʻAigupita pio he haneri i hele mai nā ʻohana hanohano. Mahalo i kēia, ua hoʻokele ʻo ia e hoʻokumu i nā pilina kalepa me nā mokuʻāina like ʻole.
Ua hauʻoli kēia hana i ka poʻe ʻEulopa, ka poʻe i lana ka manaʻo no ka maluhia wā lōʻihi, akā, makehewa kā lākou mea i manaʻo ai. ʻOiai ʻaʻole like ʻo Suleiman me ka makeʻe koko e like me kona makuakāne, ua nāwaliwali nō ʻo ia no ka naʻi aupuni.
Kulekele ʻē
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana i ka noho aliʻi, ua hoʻouna ka sultan i ʻelele ʻelua i ka mōʻī o Hungary a me Bohemia - Lajos, e makemake ana e loaʻa kahi ʻauhau iā ia. Akā ʻoiai ʻo Laishou e ʻōpio, ua hōʻole kāna mau makaʻāinana i nā koi a ka Ottomans, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka ʻelele.
I ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai iā Suleiman I, ua hele ʻo ia i ke kaua me ka poʻe hoʻolohe ʻole. I ka makahiki 1521 ua hoʻopio kona poʻe koa i ka hale paʻa Sabac a laila hoʻopuni akula iā Belgrade. Ua kūʻē ke kūlanakauhale i ka mea hiki, akā i ka wā e koe ana he 400 mau koa i kona mau pūʻali koa, ua hiolo ka hale paʻa, a ua luku nā Tureke i nā mea ola a pau.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua lanakila ʻo Suleiman ka Magnificent i nā lanakila pākahi, a lilo i kekahi o nā luna ikaika loa a ikaika hoʻi o ka honua. Ma hope ua kāohi ʻo ia i ke Kaiʻula, Hungary, Algeria, Tunisia, ka mokupuni ʻo Rhodes, Iraq a me nā teritori ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke kai ʻeleʻele a me nā wahi hikina o ke Kaiwaenahonua i hele mai hoʻi ma lalo o ka hoʻomalu a ke Sultan. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokau aku nā Turks iā Slavonia, Transylvania, Bosnia a me Herzegovina.
I ka makahiki 1529, ua hele ʻo Suleiman I ka Magnificent, me ka pūʻali koa he 120,000, e kaua aku iā ʻAteruria, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke eo. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka puka ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau i koi i ke ola o kahi hapakolu o nā koa Tureke.
Maliʻa paha ʻaʻole hoihoi nā ʻāina Lūkini iā Suleiman. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia iā Rūsia he panalāʻau kuli. Akā naʻe, ua hoʻouka kaua pinepine nā Turks i nā kūlanakauhale o ka mokuʻāina Muscovite. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokokoke ka Crimean Khan i ke kapitala, akā ʻaʻole hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hoʻouka kaua nui.
I ka pau ʻana o ke au o Suleiman ka Magnificent, ua lilo ka Ottoman Empire i mokuʻāina ikaika loa i ka moʻolelo o ka honua Muslim. I loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu pūʻali koa, ua lawe ka Sultan i nā pā kaua nui he 13, a he 10 i loko o ʻEulopa.
I kēlā au, ua hoʻoweliweli ka huaʻōlelo "Turks ma nā puka pā" i nā poʻe ʻEulopa a pau, a ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Suleiman iā ia iho me ka Antichrist. Akā ua hōʻino nui nā pūʻali koa i ka waihona. ʻO ka hapakolu ʻelua o ke kālā i loaʻa i ka waihona kālā i lilo i ka mālama ʻana i kahi pūʻali koa ikaika he 200,000.
Kulekele kūloko
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Suleiman ʻo "Magnificent" no kahi kumu. Ua kūleʻa ʻo ia ʻaʻole wale i ka pūʻali koa, akā i nā hana kūloko hoʻi o ke aupuni. Ma kāna ʻōlelo hoʻoholo, ua hōʻano hou ʻia ke code o nā kānāwai, i holo pono a hiki i ka 20 kenekulia.
ʻO ka hoʻokō a me ka hōʻino ʻana o nā lawehala i hōʻemi nui ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, nā poʻe lawe kīpē, nā mea hōʻike wahaheʻe a me nā poʻe i hana i ka hoʻopunipuni e hoʻomau i ka nalowale i ko lākou lima ʻākau.
Ua kauoha ʻo Suleiman e hōʻemi i ke kaomi o Sharia - kahi papa o nā kānāwai e hoʻoholo ai i nā manaʻoʻiʻo, a me ke ʻano o ka lunamanaʻo haipule a me nā loina o nā hoʻomana Muslim.
ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka noho ʻana o nā ʻelele o nā ʻano hoʻomana ʻē aʻe a kokoke i ka Ottoman Empire. Ua kauoha ka Sultan i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kānāwai o ke ao, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kekahi o nā hoʻoponopono hou ʻana ma muli o nā kaua pinepine.
Ma lalo o Suleiman 1 ka Mīkini, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana aʻo. Ua wehe mau ʻia nā kula haʻahaʻa ma ka mokuʻāina, a he kuleana ko nā haumāna puka e hoʻomau i ko lākou aʻo ʻana i nā koleke. Eia kekahi, ua nānā nui ka mōʻī i ka hana noʻeau.
ʻO ka mea hoʻolālā punahele o Suleiman - Sinan, kūkulu ʻia he 3 mau mosque nui: ʻo Selimiye, Shehzade a me Suleymaniye, a lilo ia i laʻana o ke kaila Ottoman. He mea kūpono ia e hōʻike i ka hoihoi o ka Sultan i nā mele.
ʻO ke kāne ponoʻī i kākau i nā mele, a hāʻawi pū i ke kākoʻo i nā mea kākau he nui. I kona wā e nohoaliʻi ana, aia ke mele Ottoman i kona piko. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka manawa i kū mai kahi kūlana hou i ka mokuʻāina - kahi mea kākau moʻolelo rhythmic.
ʻO nā ʻano mea i lawe ʻia e nā haku mele nāna e wehewehe i nā hanana o kēia manawa i kahi ʻano mele. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Suleiman the Magnificent he pōhaku maikaʻi loa, e hoʻolei pono ana i nā pūkuniahi, a he loea hoʻi i nā mea kāhiko.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻAʻole hiki i kā Suleiman mau mea kākau moʻolelo ke ʻae i ka nui o nā wahine i kāna harem. ʻIke hilinaʻi wale ʻia e pili ana i nā punahele punahele a ka mōʻī, nāna i hānau nā keiki.
ʻO ka haiā wahine mua o ka hoʻoilina he 17 mau makahiki he kaikamahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Fülane. He keiki maʻamau kā lāua, ʻo Mahmud, i make i ka maʻi puʻu i ka makahiki 9. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole i hoʻokani ʻo Fülane i ka moʻolelo pilikino o ke Suletana.
Mai ka lua o ka wahine, ʻo Gulfem Khatun, he keiki kāne na Suleiman ka Magnificent, ʻo Murad, a ua make pū kekahi i ka wā kamaliʻi mai ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. I ka 1562, ʻoki ʻia ka wahine e ke kauoha a ka luna. ʻO ke kolu o ka haiā wahine a ua kanaka nei ʻo Mahidevran Sultan.
No 20 mau makahiki lōʻihi, loaʻa iā ia ka mana nui i ka harem a ma ke aloaliʻi, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lilo i wahine na Suleiman ka mea hanohano. Ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ka mokuʻāina me kāna keiki ʻo Mustafa, ʻo ia ke kiaʻāina o kekahi o nā panalāʻau. Ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo Mustafa i ka make ma hope o ka kānalua no ka kipi.
ʻO ka punahele hou a ʻo ka wahine puʻupaʻa wale a ke Suletana, ka mea āna i male ai ma 1534, ʻo ia ka pio Khyurrem Sultan, ʻo Roksolana ka mea i ʻike ʻia.
Ua hoʻokele kā Roksolana mana i ka mana o kāna kāne i nā hoʻoholo a kāna kāne. Ma kāna ʻoka, ua kiola ʻo ia i nā keiki kāne i hānau ʻia na nā haiā wahine ʻē aʻe. Ua hānau ʻo Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska i kāna kāne, kahi kaikamahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Mihrimah a me 5 mau keiki kāne.
ʻO kekahi o nā keikikāne ʻo Selim, alakaʻi i ka Ottoman Empire ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne. I kona wā e nohoaliʻi ana, ua hoʻomaka ka mae ʻana o ke aupuni. Ua makemake ka sultan hou e hoʻolilo manawa i ka leʻaleʻa, ma mua o ka hana ʻana i nā hihia mokuʻāina.
Make
Ua make ʻo Suleiman, e like me kona makemake, i ke kaua. Ua hana kēia i ka wā o ka siege o ka hale aliʻi Hungarian o Szigetavr. Ua hala ʻo Suleiman I ka Magnificent ma ka lā 6 Kepakemapa 1566 i ka makahiki 71. Ua kanu ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka hale kupapaʻu, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mausoleum Roksolana.
ʻO Photo o Suleiman ka Mea Maikaʻi
